(This article was originally published on Jennifer’s Substack, January 17, 2023. Republished here with minor revision.)
In the fall of 2022, the Unicode Technical Committee announced that the 2023 release of the Unicode Standard would be a “dot” release with limited character additions, with the next major release in 2024. This wasn’t without precedent — COVID slowed down the release of Unicode 14.0 in 2020 and the world seemed to survive ๐. Subcommittees were well prepared and adjusted accordingly, discussing what this meant for their respective areas of expertise.
For the Emoji Subcommittee (ESC) — the group responsible for defining the rules, algorithms, and properties necessary to achieve interoperability between different platforms for those smiley faces that appear on your keyboard (Shout out ๐๐ฅฐ๐ฅน๐ค๐ซฃ๐ซก๐ต๐ซ!) — this delay presented an opportunity. Sure, we were so close to exhaling a sigh of relief (the intake period for Emoji 16.0 proposals had just completed). But upon learning we couldn’t ship any new codepoints until 2024 we turned our energy towards recommending new emoji based on existing ones. (These are called emoji ZWJ sequences. That's when a combination of multiple emoji display as a single emoji … like ๐ฉ ๐ฝ +๐ญ = ๐ง๐ฝ๐ญ).
When Less is More
An incredibly powerful aspect of written language is that it consists of a finite number of characters that can "do it all". And yet, as the emoji ecosystem has matured over time our keyboards have ballooned and emoji categories are about to hit or have hit a level of saturation. Upon reflecting on how emoji are used, the ESC has entered a new era where the primary way for emoji to move forward is not merely to add more of them to the Unicode Standard. Instead, the ESC approves fewer and fewer emoji proposals every year.But our work is not done. Not by a longshot. Language is fluid and doesn’t stand still. There is more to do! This “off-cycle” gives us a chance to address some long-standing major pain points using emoji. The first one that came to mind: skin-tone.
What is a family?
The encoding of multi-person multi-tone support has matured over the years; However, the implementation can seem random to the average person: While it’s true, all people emoji have toned options (with the exception of characters where you can’t see skin like ๐คบ) there are … misfits. Some two people emoji offer tone support ( ๐ง๐ป❤️๐ง๐ฟ) others do not ( ๐ฏ). A few non RGI emoji render with tone but with no affordance to change one of the two characters (For example, ๐คผ๐พ♂ renders with skintone on Android but as gold on iOS. WHY. This is why we standardize these things, people).And then ... There is the suite of family emoji (๐จ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐ง๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ง๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ง๐ฉ๐ง๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ง๐ง ๐จ๐จ๐ฆ๐จ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐จ๐จ๐ง๐จ๐จ๐ง๐ฆ๐จ๐จ๐ง๐ง๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ง๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ง๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ง๐ง๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐ฆ๐จ๐ฉ๐ง๐ง๐ช). These characters include two people, three people, sometimes four and none of them have any tone support (!). We seem to have a lot of family emoji and yet simultaneously not enough.
The 26 “family” emoji can be broken down into four groups:
Despite the Unicode Standard containing 26 “family” emoji, each one of these glyphs is overly prescriptive with regard to delivering on a visual representation of a family. The inclusion of many permutations of families was well intentioned. But we can’t list them all, and by listing some of the combinations, it calls attention to the ones that are excluded.
What even is a family? For some, family is the people you were raised with. Others have embraced friends as their chosen family. Some families have children, other families have pets. There are multi-generational families, mutliracial families and of course many families are any combination of all of these characteristics and more.
Fortunately, we don’t need to add 7000 variants to your keyboards (even this would fall short of capturing the breadth of "family" as a concept). Instead we can juxtapose individual emoji together to capture a concept with some reasonable level of specificity — not too unlike arranging letters together to create words to convey concepts ๐
For emoji keyboards to advance in creating more intuitive and personalized experiences the Emoji Subcommittee is recommending a visual deprecation of the family emoji. This small set of emoji will be redesigned as part of a multi-phase effort to “complete the set” of toned variants for the remaining multi-person emoji. This of course begs the question: when there are as many families as there are people in the world, is there an effective way at conveying the concept of “family” without being overly prescriptive in defining what is and is not a family? Well, thankfully icons can do a lot of heavy lifting without requiring very much detail.
When is an emoji running for the police or getting chased by them?
Another area the ESC is actively exploring is how the semantics of emoji sequences can differ when writing directionality changes. Some emoji characters have semantics that encode implicit directionality but when the string is mirrored and their meaning may be unintentionally lost or changed.Left to Right Emoji Sequence: Quickly running towards an “exciting” police chase
Right to Left Emoji Sequence: Running away from the coppers
What, if anything, can we do to aid in ensuring that messages are meaningfully translated be them tiny pictures or tiny letters? As part of 15.1 we’re proposing a small set of emoji with strong directionality — with an initial focus on people — to face the opposite direction. Soon you too can run towards or away from ... excitement.
Emoji 15.1
Given that the intake cycle of emoji proposals for Unicode 16.0 ended last July, the Emoji Subcommittee has also decided to temporarily delay the intake of Unicode Version 17.0 proposals until April 2024. Fortunately, you won’t have to wait until then to get new emoji. (Note: I know it sounds like I’m talking about the past and future simultaneously ... the emoji lifecycle is looooong and as a result overlaps with multiple releases. Expect a future blog post about the Emoji 15.0 candidates landing early this year (Shout out goose, pink heart, and pushing hands). I’ve been holding off writing about this set until you can actually see them on your phones but given that we’re already talking about 2024 maybe it’s time I dust that blog post off).Anyways, among the list of Emoji 15.1 recommendations for 2024 includes 578 characters (most of them the candidates described above to support directionality). The list also includes a few humble additions including a broken chain, a lime, a non-poisonous mushroom, a nodding and shaking face, and a phoenix bird. Each one of these leverages a unique valid ZWJ sequence of emoji so while they look like atomic characters made of a single codepoint they are composed of two or more codepoints.
Broken chain is the result of a ๐๐ฅ ZWJ and contains a variety of meanings, such as freedom, breaking a cycle, or perhaps a broken url ;-). Nodding face and shaking face are composed of arrows to imply movement in a still image (๐↔️) and (๐↕️). Oh, and of course there is a phoenix rising from the ashes (๐ฆ๐ฅ), an ancient metaphor that captures the zeitgeist of today.
The Unicode Technical Committee (UTC) will review the required documents at its first meeting of 2023 in January – and if these candidates move forward, you can expect an update from the UTC later this Spring and Summer.
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