Zaboni itolijoī
Nomi qavmī |
itol. italiano itol. Italiano |
---|---|
Kişvarho | |
Sozmoni tanzimkunanda | Accademia della Crusca[d] |
Şumorai umumiji gūişvaron | |
Vaz' | dar holi amn[d][6] |
Tasnifot | |
Xat | Alifboi itolijoī va Alifboi lotinī |
Kodi zabonī | |
GOST 7.75–97 | ita 235 |
ISO 639-1 | it |
ISO 639-2 | ita |
ISO 639-3 | ita |
WALS | ifi va ita |
Ethnologue | ita |
Linguasphere | 51-AAA-q |
ABS ASCL | 2401 va 24 |
IETF | it |
Glottolog | ital1282 |
Nig. niz: Loiha:Zabonşinosī |
Zaboni itolijoī (lingua italiana) — Zaboni rasmiji Itolijo, Vatikan, San-Marino, Şvejtsarija (hamqator bo zabonho olmonī, faronsavī va şvejtsarī-retoromanī). Hamcun dujum zaboni rasmi dar jak cand havzahoi davlathoi Xorvatija va Slovenija qabul şudaast.
Ta'rix
[viroiş | edit source]Zaboni itolijoī dar asosi lahçahoi romaniji Itolijo tarkib joft va avali xudro az zaboni xalqiji lotinī girift. Zaboni adabiji itolijoī dar asosi şevai Toskana tarkib joft, ja'ne dar hamon nohijae, ki qabilahoi etruskho zindagī mekardand. Aqidae vuçud doşt, ki xususijathoi şevai toskanī bo şevai etruskī pajvast hastand va az çihati zabon dar mūhiti jak gurūhand.[7], ammo darhol in aqida dar şumorai kuhan ba hisob meravad.[8].
Ta'rixi zaboni itolijoī ba se davra taqsim mekunand, ki jakum davra az asri X sar karda to asri IX darbar megirad, on vaqte ki standarti florentsijagī nisbati boqimonda standartho bartarī doşt. Dar marhalai ibtidoi bunjodi şevaho, asosan dar markaz va çanubi kişvar ravnaq mejobad va odatan in huçathoi huquqī va aş'ori rūhonī bud. Markazi barçastai ilm, dajr Montekassino meşavad. Dertar, oxiri asri XII, markazhoi alohidai adabijot va rasmhoi şevagī inkişof mejoband: Sitsilija, Bolonija, Umbrija va digaron. In cunin dar qatori zaboni «xalqī» Itolijo zaboni lotinī, zaboni kuhani faronsavī va zaboni kuhani provansalī istifoda meburdand.
Dar oxiri asri XIII maktabi «namudi navi şirinsuxanī» (dolce stil nuovo) taşakkul joft, ki asosi xudro az şevai toskanī girift. Namojandagoni zijodi adabijoti toskaniji asrhoi XIII—XIV — Dante Aligeri, Bokkacco va Petrarka. Dar risolai xud «Bazm» (Convivio) va «Oidi şirinsuxanni xalqī» (De vulgari eloquentia) Dante mulohizaro tadqiq kardani bud, dar borai on, ki bo zaboni xalqī metavon dar bobi harguna mavzū' asar eçod kardan, az badeī to rūhonī. In guna zaboni xalqiji «taşakkuljofta» ū volgare illustre nombar mekard, lekin Dante nameguft, ki jak şeva hamai xususijathoi lavozimiro dorad va in guna hisob namekard.
Asri XIV pas ax korkardi şevai toskanī, ki rū ba sifati namunai Dante, Petrarka va Bokkacco ovard, zaboni adabiji umumiitolijoī gaşt[9]. Davrai asrhoi XV—XVI bajniitolijoī nomguzor meşavad. Dar in vaqt suxanhoe pajdo meşavand, ki zaboni xalqī va darxusus toskanī az zaboni lotinī bartarī dorad va beh ast (Alberti Leon Battista, Politsiano Ançelo), sarfu naxvi (grammatika) — jakum pajdo meşavad. («Dasturi zaboni xalqiji florentsī», 1495). Navisandagoni digar nohijaho, misol az Neapol Jakopo Sannadzaro, harakat mekardand ki zaboni asarhoi xudro ba şevai toskanī nazdik kunand.
Alifbo
[viroiş | edit source]Alifboi itolijoī (alfabeto) | |||
Harf | Talafūz | Nom (it.) | Nom (toç.) |
---|---|---|---|
A a | [a] | a | a |
B b | [b] | bi | bi |
S s | [k], [ʧ] | sі | ci |
D d | [d] | di | di |
E e | [e], [ɛ] | e | e |
F f | [f] | effe | effe |
G g | [g], [ʤ] | gi | çi |
H h | sm. tekst | acca | akka |
I i | [i], [j] | i | i |
L l | [l] | elle | elle |
M m | [m] | emme | emme |
N n | [n] | enne | enne |
O o | [o], [ɔ] | o | o |
P p | [p] | pi | pi |
Q q | faqat dar jakçojagī qu [kw] | cu | ku |
R r | [r] | erre | erre |
S s | [s], [z] | esse | esse |
T t | [t] | ti | ti |
U u | [u], [w] | u | u |
V v | [v] | vu | vu |
Z z | [ʣ], [ʦ] | zeta | dzeta |
Faqat baroi sabti kalimahoi az zaboni xoriçī omada | |||
J j | [j] (j) | i lunga | va lunga 'va daroz' |
K k | [k] (k) | cappa | kappa |
W w | [v], [w] | vu doppia | vu doppia 'vu dukarata' |
X x | [ks] (ks) | ics | iks |
Y y | [i], [j] | i greca | ham grek (şaxsi junonī) ham (moli junonī) |
Çadval
[viroiş | edit source]Zaboni toçikī | moh | nav | modar | xohar | şab | binī | se | sijoh | surx | zard | sabz | gurg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digar Zabonhoi Hindu-Avrupoī | ||||||||||||
Zaboni forsī | mâh | now | mâdar | xâhar | šab | bini | se | siyâh | sorx | zard | sabz | gorg |
Zaboni tolişī | mang | nuj | moâ | hovâ | şâv | vыni | se | sijo | sы | zard | havz | neci, varg |
Zaboni puştu | myāsht | nəvay | mōr | khōr | shpa | pōza | dre | tōr | sur | zhaṛ | shin | lewa |
Zaboni osetinī | mæj | næuæg | mad | xo | æxsæv | fыndz | ærtæ | sau | sыrx | bur | ts'æx | biræg' |
Zaboni urdu | māh / māheena | nayā | mā / walda | behn | rāt | nāk | tīn | siah / kālā | surkh / lāl | pīlā | sabz / harā | bheyrya |
Zaboni hindī | mās | nayā | mātā | bahin | rāt | nāk | tīn | kālā / shyam | lāl | pīlā | harā | bik |
Zaboni rusī | mesjats |
novыj |
matь |
sestra |
nocь |
nos |
tri |
cjornыj |
krasnыj |
ƶjoltыj |
zeljonыj |
volk |
Zaboni serbī | mesets |
novo |
maјka |
sestra |
noħ |
nos |
tri |
tsrno |
tsrveno |
ƶuto |
zeleno |
vuk |
Zaboni anglisī | month | new | mother | sister | night | nose | three | black | red | yellow | green | wolf |
Zaboni danijagī | måned | ny | moder | søster | nat | næse | tre | sort | rød | gul | grøn | ulv |
Zaboni armanī | amis | nor | mayr | quyr | gisher | qit | erek' | sev | karmir | deghin | kanach | gayl |
Zaboni lotinī | mēnsis | novus | māter | soror | nox | nasus | trēs | āter, niger | ruber | flāvus, gilvus | viridis | lupus |
Zaboni faronsavī | mois |
nouveau |
mère |
soeur |
nuit |
nez |
trois |
noir |
rouge |
jaune |
vert |
loup |
Zaboni itolijoī | mese | nuovo | madre | sorella | notte | naso | tre | nero | rosso | giallo | verde | lupo |
Zaboni olmonī | Monat | neu | Mutter | Schwester | Nacht | Nase | drei | schwarz | rot | gelb | grün | Wolf |
Zaboni portugalī | mês | novo | mãe | irmã | noite | nariz | três | negro | vermelho | amarelo | verde | lobo |
Zaboni ispanī | mes | nuevo | madre | hermana | noche | nariz | tres | negro | rojo | amarillo | verde | lobo |
Zaboni katalanī | mes | nou | mare | germana | nit | nas | tres | negre | roig / vermell | groc | verd | llop |
Zaboni ruminī | luna | nou/noi | mamă | soră | noapte | nas | trei | negru | roşu | galben | verde | lup |
Zaboni cexī | měsíc | nové | matka | sestra | noc | nos | tři | černý | červený | žlutý | zelený | vlk |
Zaboni kimrī (زبان ولزی) | mis | newydd | mam | chwaer | nos | trwyn | tri | du (/di/) | coch, rhudd | melyn | gwyrdd, glas | blaidd |
Zaboni poljakī | miesiąc | nowy | matka | siostra | noc | nos | trzy | czarny | czerwony | żółty | zielony | wilk |
Zaboni latişī | mēnesis | jauns | māte | māsa | nakts | deguns | trīs | melns | sarkans | dzeltens | zaļš | vilks |
Zaboni litvonī | mėnuo | naujas | motina | sesuo | naktis | nosis | trys | juoda | raudona | geltona | žalias | vilkas |
Zaboni bulƣorī | mesets |
nov |
majka |
sestra |
noщ |
nos |
tri |
ceren |
cerven |
ƶ'lt |
zelen |
v'lk |
Zaboni ukrainī | mіsjatsь |
novij |
mati |
sestra |
nіc |
nіs |
tri |
cornij |
cervonij |
ƶovtij |
zelenij |
vovk |
Zaboni belorusī | mesjats |
novы |
matsі |
sjastra |
noc |
nos |
trы |
cornы |
cыrvonы |
ƶoўtы |
zjaljonы |
voўk |
In maqolai xurd dar borai jake az zabonhoi çahon ast. Bo gustarişi on ba Vikipedija kūmak kuned. |
Adabijot
[viroiş | edit source]- Serianni, Luca (2000). Italiano (in italijavī). Milan: Garzanti.
- Berloco, Fabrizio (2018). The Big Book of Italian Verbs: 900 Fully Conjugated Verbs in All Tenses. With IPA Transcription, 2nd Edition (in Anglisī). Lengu. ISBN 978-8894034813.
Sarcaşma
[viroiş | edit source]- ↑ ScriptSource - Italy
- ↑ ScriptSource - San Marino
- ↑ ScriptSource - Switzerland
- ↑ ScriptSource - Vatican State
- ↑ Ethnologue (ingl.) — 25, 19 — Dallas, Texas: SIL International, 1951. — ISSN 1946-9675
- ↑ Krasnaja kniga jazыkov JuNESKO
- ↑ Naprimer, Battisti, C. Aspirazione etrusca e gorgia toscana // Studi Etruschi, IV (1930), p. 249—254
- ↑ Robert A. Hall, Jr. A Note on «Gorgia Toscana» // Italica, vol. 26(1), 1949, pp. 64-71, sr. takƶe [Rohlfs 1966].
- ↑ Celыşeva, I. I., Cerdantseva, T. Z. Italьjanskij jazыk // Jazыki mira. Romanskie jazыki. M.: Academia, 2001, str. 60
- Italьjansko-anglijskij slovarь(rus.)
- Igrovыe uroki italьjanskogo jazыka (rus.) Bojgonī şudaast 10 Janvar 2014 sol.
- Osnovы italьjanskogo jazыka(rus.)