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Баъд аз суханронӣ дар маъракаи президентӣ Голдвотир дар соли 1964, ӯро барои ҳокими иёлатӣ шудан мутақоид карданд. Рейган ҳамчун ҷумҳури бар зидди [[w:en:Pat Brown|Пат Браун]] дар [[w:en:California gubernatorial election, 1966|интихоботи 1966 губернатории Калифорния]] кор мекард.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reagan-becomes-governor-of-california|title=Reagan nominated for governor of California|publisher=History.com|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref> Рейган ғолиби интихобот эълон шуд, Рейган 2,749,174 (42,27%) овоз ва Браун, 3,742,913 овоз (57,55%) касб кардаанд.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anderson |first=Totton J. |last2=Lee |first2=Eugene C. |date=June 1967 |title=The 1966 Election in California |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/446081 |journal=[[w:en:The Western Political Quarterly]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=535-554 |doi=10.2307/446081 |access-date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> Рейган дар 2 январи соли 1967 мунтасаб шуд.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Totton J. |last2=Lee |first2=Eugene C. |date=June 1967 |title=The 1966 Election in California |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/446081 |journal=[[The Western Political Quarterly]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=535-554 |doi=10.2307/446081 |access-date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> Reagan was inaugurated on January 2, 1967.<ref name="gov"/>
Баъд аз суханронӣ дар маъракаи президентӣ Голдвотир дар соли 1964, ӯро барои ҳокими иёлатӣ шудан мутақоид карданд. Рейган ҳамчун ҷумҳури бар зидди [[w:en:Pat Brown|Пат Браун]] дар [[w:en:California gubernatorial election, 1966|интихоботи 1966 губернатории Калифорния]] кор мекард.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/reagan-becomes-governor-of-california|title=Reagan nominated for governor of California|publisher=History.com|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref> Рейган ғолиби интихобот эълон шуд, Рейган 2,749,174 (42,27%) овоз ва Браун, 3,742,913 овоз (57,55%) касб кардаанд.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anderson |first=Totton J. |last2=Lee |first2=Eugene C. |date=June 1967 |title=The 1966 Election in California |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/446081 |journal=[[w:en:The Western Political Quarterly]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=535-554 |doi=10.2307/446081 |access-date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> Рейган дар 2 январи соли 1967 мунтасаб шуд.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Anderson |first=Totton J. |last2=Lee |first2=Eugene C. |date=June 1967 |title=The 1966 Election in California |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/446081 |journal=[[The Western Political Quarterly]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=535-554 |doi=10.2307/446081 |access-date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> Reagan was inaugurated on January 2, 1967.<ref name="gov"/>


Дар давоми губернатории Рейган аз ба кор қабул кардани кормандони давлатӣ боздошт. Рейган барои такмил додани буҷети давлат афзоиши андозҳоро тасдиқ кард.<ref name="gov">{{cite web|url=http://governors.library.ca.gov/33-Reagan.html|title=Ronald Reagan|publisher=Governors.library.ca.gov|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref>
Дар давоми губернатории Рейган аз ба кор қабул кардани кормандони давлатӣ боздошт. Рейган барои такмил додани буҷети давлат афзоиши андозҳоро тасдиқ кард.<ref name="gov">{{cite web|url=http://governors.library.ca.gov/33-Reagan.html|title=Ronald Reagan|publisher=Governors.library.ca.gov|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref> Reagan бо ҳизби аксарият демократ дар [[Ҳокимияти қонунбарор|Маҷлиси]] Nёлат кор кард, то як ислоҳоти асосии дар системаи [[w:en:welfare|таъмини иҷтимоӣ]] дар соли 1971 эҷоди шавад.<ref name="welfare">{{cite web|url=http://ashbrook.org/publications/oped-hayward-99-gipper/|title=Welfare Reform: Another Win For The Gipper|publisher=Ashbrook.org|accessdate=January 10, 2014|date=December 1999|author=Steven Hayward}}</ref> ин ислоҳот ба камбизоатон кӯмак расонида, пардохти сарватманд афзун кард. Рейган ҳингомӣ қи ҳокими иёлатӣ (губернатор) буд, аз соли 1968 то 1969 раиси [[w:en:Republican Governors Association|иттиҳодия губернаторҳои ҷумҳурихоҳ]] шуд.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/chris-christie-kicks-term-republican-governors-association-chairman-article-1.1525091|title=Chris Christie kicks off term as Republican Governors Association chairman|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|accessdate=January 10, 2014}}</ref>


== Эзоҳ ==
== Эзоҳ ==

Nusxa 15:48, 15 Nojabr 2018

Ronald Rejgan
angl. Ronald Wilson Reagan
parcam
40-umin Prezidenti IMA
parcam
20 janvari 1981 — 20 janvari 1989
Noibi prezident Çorç Buş-kalonī
Peşguzaşta Çimmi Karter
Çonişin Çorç Buş-kalonī
parcam
33-umin Gubernatori Kalifornija
2 janvari 1967 — 6 janvari 1975
Peşguzaşta Pet Braun
Çonişin Çerri Braun
Tavallud 6 fevral 1911(1911-02-06)[1][2][3][…]
Darguzaşt 5 ijun 2004(2004-06-05)[1][2][3][…] (93 sol)
Madfan
Nom hangomi tavallud angl. Ronald Wilson Reagan
Padar Jack Reagan[d]
Modar Nelle Wilson Reagan[d]
Hamsar Nancy Reagan[d][5] va Çane Ujman
Farzandon Maureen Reagan[d][6], Patti Davis[d][6], Ron Reagan[d][6] va Christine Reagan[d][7][6]
Hizb
Tahsilot
E'tiqod Presbyterianism[d][10], Restorationism[d] va Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)[d][10]
Sojadast
Çoizaho
Vebgoh whitehouse.gov/about-the…
Nav'i artiş United States Army Reserve[d][11][12][13], United States Army[d][12][13], United States Army Reserve[d][13] va Air Force Reserve Command[d][13]
Rutba Sarboz[13], second lieutenant[d][13], lejtenanti jakum[d][13] va captain[d][13]
Nabardho
Çojhoi kor
 Parvandaho dar Vikianbor

Rónald Uílson Réjgan (angl. Ronald Wilson Reagan, [ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən]; 6 fevral 1911, Tampiko, Illinojs — 5 ijuni 2004, Los-Ançeles, Kalifornija)[14][15] — 40-umin prezidenti IMA (1981-1989). 33-jum hokimi ijolati Kalifornija (1967—1975). Hamcunin maşhur ba aktjor va roviji barnomahoi radio.

Zindaginoma

Çavonī

Rejgan dar hurdsolī, 1914

Ronald Uilson Rejgan 6 fevrali soli 1911 dehai Tampiko (ijolati Illinojs) ba dunjo omadaast.[16][17] padar ū Çak va modaraş Nell Rejgan bud.[17]

In oila ba çojhoi gunogun dar Illinojs vaqte ki Rejgan kūdak bud kūcidaast. Onho ba Monmouth, Galesburg, va Chicago kūcidand.[17] Oilai vaj oxir dar Dikson, Illinojs sukno guzidand.[17] Onho dar xonai xurd dar Dikson zindagonī kardand. Oilai ū xele faqir bud. Rejgan dar kūdaki imkonoti rifohiji kofi nadoşt. dar maktabi mijona vaj az bozigari (astjori) xuşaş omad.[18] Reagan varzişgar bud. ū naçotbaxş dar ob şud.[19] Ū 77 nafarro naçot dod.[19]

Reggan soli 1932 kolleçi Eureka xatm kard.[16] Vaj dar rodijui xabariji WTO xabarxon şud.[20] Reagan niz jak guzorişgar baroi Chicago Cubs bud.[20] Ū bozihoi bejsbolro baroi şinavanda xub bozsozī mekard.[20]

Ū dar 1940 bo Çane Ujman oilador şud. Hamsaron dar soli 1949 çudo şudand.[16] Onho se farzand doştand. Rejgan ba'd bo Nancy Davis dar soli 1952 oilador şud. [16] Onho du farzand doştand. izdivoçi onon to margi Rejgan dar soli 2004 davom kard.[16]

Sijosat

Peş az prezident şudan Rejgan dar soli 1980, Rejgan dar 1968 va 1976 du marotiba natavonist prezident şavad. Dar 73-solagī, vaqte ki dar 1984 bori duvvum bor Rejgan baroi prezidenti IMA intixob şud, ū musintarin fard bud ki in mansab ro ba 'uhda doştaast.[17] ū suxanroni mohir bud ba hamin dalil ba ū laqabi "Pajvand kunanda Xele xub" doda budand va hamçunin şoji'asozī va intiqodho alajhi Rejgan ta'sirī bar mahbubijati ū nadoşt.[21] Rejgan avvalin prezidenti IMA ba şumor miravad, ki taloq karda ast.[22]

mohi janvari soli 1981 marosimi tahlifi Rejgan barguzor şud.[18] ba 'unvoni prezident, Rejgan kūmak ba eçodi idejai navi dar sijosī va iqtisodī kard. Ū sijosatguzorihoi iqtisodi predloƶenija ba vuçud ovard. On ba'dtar Rejganomika nom nahoda şud.[18] Sijosati iqtisodiji Rejgan mizoni molijotro kohiş dod. on munçar ba ruşdi iqtisodī va kohişi tavarrum şud.[18] Har cand ki ūro kuşişi kuştan kardand ammo ū çoni solim badar burd.[18] hamcunin Reagan jak çangi ziddi mavodi muxaddir e'lon kard.[16] hamcunin Rejgan ba huçumi Gronodo farmon dod, to kuditoi kommunistiro dar onço qat' kunad.[16]

Vaj dar soli 1984 dar jak pirūzīi buzurg bori digar intixob şud. Dar davrai dujum, Rejgan dar pojon dodan ba Çangi Sard kor mekard.[18] Ū hamcunin ba bombboron 1986 Libija farmoiş dod.[16] Soli 1987 davlat Reagan ducori jak çançoli sijosī şud.[16] on moçaroi Eron-Kontroli bud.[16] Rejgan dar davri duvvumi xud bo kotibi generaliji şūravī Mixail Gorbacjov kor kard.[18] In ba imzoi Sozişnomai INF ovarda rasonid.[16] on silohi hastairo dar IMA va Ittihodi Şūravī kam kard.[16] Dar mohi janvari soli 1989 Rejgan mansabaşro tark kard.[16]

Reagan 5-umi ijuni soli 2004 dar xonaaş voqi' dar Bil Ejr, Los Ançeles az pnevmonija pas az dah soli çang bo bemoriji Alzgejmer favtid. Ū 93 sola bud.[17]

Hunarpeşagī

huzur naxustini ū dar filmi "Muhabbat dar havo ast (Love Is on the Air)" dar 1937 bud. Ba'd ū dar bisjor az filmho, misli "pirūziji torik" bo Bette Davis va Humphrey Bogart naqş ifo kard. Peş az on ki dar filmi "Santa Fe Trail bo 'Errol Flynn -ro dar 1940 naqş ifo qunad, ū naqşi Çurç "Giper" Gip Knute Rockne, All American naqş ifo kard.[23] Az naqşi ū dar in film, ba ū lahabi "Giper" nahodand.[24] Dar soli 1941, mutaxassison ūro ba pançumini mahbubtarin az nasli navras dar Hollivud ovoz dodand.[25]

Rejgan dar trejler Cowboy from Brooklyn, 1938

Naqşi dūstdoştai Rejgan Naqşi jaq Amputatsija dar filmi 1942 Kings Row bud. dar in film, ū megūjad,"boqimondai man dar kuçoast?". in çumla ba'dtar ba unvoni zindaginomaī qi xudaş soli 1965 navişt istifoda şud. Bisjore az filmsozon fikr mekunand, ki Kings Row behtarin filmi Rejgan ast.[26] Garcande ki film mahbub bud, on az çonibi muntaqidi Nju Jork Tajmz Bosley Crowther bad tafsir şud.[27]

Garcande Rejgan Kings Row-ro, maro sitora kard, tavsif namud,[28] ū namitavonist ba muvaffaqijathojaş davom dahad. In ba on sabab bud, ki ū du moh pas az ozod şudani film az çonibi artişi amrikoī dar San Franko faroxonda şuda bud.[29]

Dar davomi Çangi dujumi çahon, Rejgan az filmi hunariji xud cor sol çudo şud. [17] Vaj dar filmi First Motion Picture xizmat mekard. [17] Pas az çang, Reagan ham dar cunin filmho, ba monandi,

Dar davomi Çangi dujumi çahon, Rejgan az Hunarpeşagī cor sol çudo şud. [17] Vaj dar First Motion Picture Unit xizmat kard.[17] Pas az çang, Reagan ham dar cunin filmho, ba monandi, Sadoi sangpuşt, Çon Marija-ro dūst medorad, dili şitobkor, Vaqti xob Bonzo, Rama goviji Malikai Montana, Juke Girl, In artiş ast, timi baranda, Şariki Tennessee, va Hellcats of the Navy, ki dar on ū bo zanaş Nonsī kor kard. Filmi oxirini Reagan soli 1964 film qotiloni bud.[30] Dar davomi Hunarpeşagī ū, modaraş, Nelle, aksar vaqtho nomahoi muxlisoni Rejganro çavob medod.[31]

Reagan in a photo for General Electric Theater

raisi Ançumani hunarpeşagoni Sahna

Rejgan avval ba Şūroi direktoroni Ançumani hunarpeşagoni Sahna dar soli 1941 intixob şud.[32] Pas az Çangi Dujumi Çahon ū zud ba Ançumani Hunarpeşagoni Cahna bargaşt.[32] Rega soli 1946 3-jum mu'ovin raisi Ançumani Hunarpeşagoni Cahna gardid.[32]

Reggan dar intixoboti şirqat kard, ki ba raisi Ançumani hunarpeşagoni Sahna tabdil joft.[32] Reagan soli 1947 intixob şuda bud.[32] Rejgan soli 1959 dubora raisi intixob şud. Ū tanho jak sol xizmat kard va 1960 iste'fo dod.[32]

ba sijosat Daromadan

Reagan speaking at a campaign ceremony for Goldwater, 1964

Rejgan dar sijosat dar oxiri davroni hunarpeşagi basjor fa'ol bud. Rejgan demokratija şud. Ū az muomila nav saxt puştibonī namud. Vaj Franklin D. Rozvelt-ro sitoiş mekard.[33] Ba'd az on, Rejgan jak çumhurixohi muhofizakor gardid. In ba on sabab bud, ki hokimijati federalī doroi hokimijat va qudrati xele zijod bud. Ū suxanoni maşhuri ziddi tibbi içtimoī (xadamoti tibbiji davlatī) kard.[34]

Rejgan Duajt Ejzenhouer va Ricard Nikson-ro baroi prezidentiji IMA tasdiq kard. bori oxir ki Reagan ba dastai demokratxo jorī rasonid, ba vaqte ki Helen Gaxagan Duglas baroi senati IMA baromad boe megardad.[35]

Vaqti intixobi

Dar intixoboti prezidentiji soli 1964, Rejgan çumhurixoh Bari Goldvotir-ro dastgirī kard.[36] He Ū suxanoni maşhuri "Vaqti intixobi" -ro baroi dastgiriji Goldvotir dod.[36] Dar suxanroniji ū az barnomahoi hukumatī va molijothoi sangin suxan rond. Garcande ki Goldvotir dar intixobot pirūz naşud, Rejgan az on ma'rufijat kasb kard.[18] Dar suxanroniji xud, Rejgan guft,

Şumo va man bo sarnivişt qarori muloqot dorim. Mo farzandoni xudro nigohubin xohem kard, oxir behtarin intizori inson dar rūi zamin, jo mo onhoro mahkum mekunim ki qadami avval ba jak hazor sol zulmot bardorand.[37]

Pas az suxanroniji Rejgan, bisjore az sohibkoron fikr kardand, ki Rega metavonad hokimi ijolati Kalifornija gadad.[38]

hokimi ijolati Kalifornija, 1967-75

Ba'd az suxanronī dar ma'rakai prezidentī Goldvotir dar soli 1964, ūro baroi hokimi ijolatī şudan mutaqoid kardand. Rejgan hamcun çumhuri bar ziddi Pat Braun dar intixoboti 1966 gubernatoriji Kalifornija kor mekard.[39] Rejgan ƣolibi intixobot e'lon şud, Rejgan 2,749,174 (42,27%) ovoz va Braun, 3,742,913 ovoz (57,55%) kasb kardaand.[40] Rejgan dar 2 janvari soli 1967 muntasab şud.[41] Reagan was inaugurated on January 2, 1967.[38]

Dar davomi gubernatoriji Rejgan az ba kor qabul kardani kormandoni davlatī bozdoşt. Rejgan baroi takmil dodani buçeti davlat afzoişi andozhoro tasdiq kard.[38] Reagan bo hizbi aksarijat demokrat dar Maçlisi Njolat kor kard, to jak islohoti asosiji dar sistemai ta'mini içtimoī dar soli 1971 eçodi şavad.[42] in islohot ba kambizoaton kūmak rasonida, pardoxti sarvatmand afzun kard. Rejgan hingomī qi hokimi ijolatī (gubernator) bud, az soli 1968 to 1969 raisi ittihodija gubernatorhoi çumhurixoh şud.[43]

Ezoh

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bibliothèque nationale de France identifikator BNF (fr.): platformai dodahoi boz — 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Encyclopædia Britannica (ingl.)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Discogs (ingl.) — 2000.
  4. ↑ https://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/06/05/reagan.health/index.html
  5. ↑ Katalog Nemetskoj natsionalьnoj biblioteki (nem.)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/reagans/ronald-reagan/ronald-reagans-family
  7. ↑ Lundy D. R. The Peerage (ingl.)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/reagans/ronald-reagan/reagans-pre-presidential-biographical-sketch-timeline-1911-1980
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/reagans/ronald-reagan/schools-ronald-reagan-attended
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Facts about Ronald Reagan
  11. ↑ https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196677/president-ronald-reagan/
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://www.politico.com/story/2012/05/reagan-transfers-to-us-army-air-force-076273
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/sreference/military-service-of-ronald-reagan
  14. ↑ Ronalьd Rejgan. Biograficeskaja spravka(rus.). RIA Novosti (6 fevrali 2011). Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 24 avgusti 2013.
  15. ↑ Vorontsov, Andrej. Ronalьd Rejgan - celovek i paroxod(rus.). Lenta.ru (6 ijuli 2004). Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 24 avgusti 2013.
  16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 "The White House", The White House, retrieved January 25, 2010 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 Ronald Reagan dies at 93, CNN, 2004, retrieved January 25, 2010 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 Hornick, Ed, Ronald Reagan Biography, Famous People, retrieved January 25, 2010 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Ronald Reagan Timeline. NPR.com. 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Tintori, Sarah Ronald Reagan: From Broadcaster to President. lib.niu.edu (2012). 13 oktjabri 2014 sançida şud.
  21. ↑ Schroeder, Patricia Nothing stuck to 'Teflon' president. USA Today (June 6, 2004). 18 fevrali 2012 sançida şud.
  22. ↑ Stuart Fox. How Many Presidents Have Been Divorced?. Live Science.com (June 18, 2010). 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  23. ↑ Ronald Reagan. History.com. 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  24. ↑ Ronald Reagan. History.com. 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  25. ↑ Cupid's Influence on the Film Box-Office, Melbourne, Vic.: National Library of Australia (October 4, 1941), str. 7 Supplement: The Argus Week-end Magazine. Provereno 24 apreli 2012.
  26. ↑ Wood, Brett Kings Row. TCM website. Turner Classic Movies. 24 marti 2009 sançida şud.
  27. ↑ Crowther, Bosley. The Screen; 'Kings Row,' With Ann Sheridan and Claude Rains, a Heavy, Rambling Film, Has Its First Showing Here at the Astor, The New York Times (February 3, 1942). Provereno 29 marti 2007.
  28. ↑ Ronald Reagan Appears as Drake McHugh in Kings Row. World History Project.org. 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  29. ↑ Ronald Reagan applies for transfer to Army Air Force. History.com. 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  30. ↑ Ronald Reagan. IMDb. 30 Dekabri 2007 sançida şud.
  31. ↑ Ronald Reagan. Radiohof.org. 12 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 Screen Actors Guild Presidents: Ronald Reagan. Screen Actors Guild. 10 nojabri 2008 sançida şud. Bargirifta az sarcaşmai avval 28 Dekabri 2007.
  33. ↑ K. Alan Synder. First Principles Ronald Reagan on Franklin D. Roosevelt. First Principles Journal.com (August 20, 2008). 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  34. ↑ Vintage Reagan Bemoans 'Socialized Medicine' in YouTube Sensation. Fox News Channel. 23 sentjabri 2014 sançida şud.
  35. ↑ The Crist Switch: Top 10 Political Defections (May 2010). Provereno 31 marti 2014.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Reagan, Ronald A Time for Choosing. pbs.org (1964). 16 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  37. ↑ Ronald Reagan -- A Time for Choosing. Americanhetoric.com. 6 oktjabri 2014 sançida şud.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Ronald Reagan. Governors.library.ca.gov. 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  39. ↑ Reagan nominated for governor of California. History.com. 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  40. ↑ Anderson, Totton J. (June 1967). «The 1966 Election in California». w:en:The Western Political Quarterly 20 (2): 535-554. doi:10.2307/446081.
  41. ↑ Anderson, Totton J. (June 1967). «The 1966 Election in California». The Western Political Quarterly 20 (2): 535-554. doi:10.2307/446081.
  42. ↑ Steven Hayward. Welfare Reform: Another Win For The Gipper. Ashbrook.org (December 1999). 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.
  43. ↑ Chris Christie kicks off term as Republican Governors Association chairman. Daily News. 10 Janvar 2014 sançida şud.

Adabijot

  • Ivanjan, E. A. Ronalьd Rejgan — xronika ƶizni i vremeni. M.: Mыslь, 1991.


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