Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
„Kassaman“[1][2], yoki „Qassaman“ (arabcha: qasamqạ, „qasam“ yoki „qasam ichamiz“), Jazoirning milliy madhiyasi. Moufdi Zakaria qoʻshiq soʻzlari muallifi, musiqasi esa misrlik bastakor Mohamed Fawzi tomonidan yozilgan. Qoʻshiq 1962-yilda, mamlakat Fransiyadan mustaqillikka erishganida, davlat madhiyasi sifatida qabul qilingan.
Fransuzlar 1830-yilda Usmonlilar Jazoiriga bostirib kirishdi va uni mustamlaka imperiyasi tarkibidagi Metropolitan Fransiyaning ajralmas qismiga aylantirdilar.[3] Keyingi asrda mahalliy aholiga juda kam siyosiy huquqlar berildi. Binobarin, millatchilik harakati 1920-yillarda boshlanib, Ikkinchi jahon urushidan soʻng, hukumatning Fransiya Jazoiriga muxtoriyat berish majburiyati amalga oshmay qolganidan keyin kuchaydi.[4] Bu harakatning koʻzga koʻringan aʼzosi Moufdi Zakaria, Jazoir Xalq partiyasi (PPA)ga aʼzo boʻlgan berber shoiri[5] edi. U 1920-1962 yillar orasida bir necha marta qamoqqa tashlangan va qiynoqqa solingan. Ana shunday tajribalardan birida, 1955 yilning aprelida[6][7] u „Kassaman“ga soʻz yozgan. U Barberousse qamoqxonasida saqlanayotganda qogʻoz va yozuv asboblariga ega boʻlmagani uchun, xabarlarga koʻra, Zakariya qoʻshiq soʻzlarini qamoqxona devorlariga oʻz qoni bilan yozgan.[8][9] Keyinchalik madhiyaning musiqiy qismi Mohamed Fawzi tomonidan bastalangan, undan bu harakatni boshqa bastakorlar tomonidan ilgari ikki marta taqdim etilgandan soʻng soʻrashgan — ulardan biri Mohamed Triki tomonidan taqdim etilgan versiya — rad etilgan.
1962-yilda soʻz va musiqa rasman qabul qilingan. Oʻsha yili Evian kelishuvlari imzolangan boʻlib, bu referendumda jazoirliklar koʻpchilik tomonidan mustaqillik yoqlab ovoz bergan va tegishli tarzda berilgan. „Kassaman“ faqat vaqtinchalik milliy madhiya boʻlish uchun moʻljallangan boʻlsa-da, u bugungi kungacha saqlanib qolgan.
"Kassaman" soʻzlari urush qoʻshigʻini aks ettiradi, chunki u frontda millatchilik gʻoyalari va tamoyillarini targʻib qiladi, Milliy ozodlik fronti (FLN) harakatlarini ulugʻlaydi, shuningdek, qurolli qoʻzgʻolonni qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi. Yana bir eʼtiborga loyiq jihati borki, u boshqa davlat — Fransiyani — mustaqillik uchun ularga qarshi zoʻravonlik bilan kurashayotganiga ishora qiladi.
| Arab tili original[10][11]
|
Transliteratsiya
|
IPA transkripsiya
|
Inglizcha tarjima[12]
|
١
𝄇 قسما بالنازلات الماحقات
و الدماء الزاكيات الطاهرات 𝄆
و البنود اللامعات الخافقات
في الجبال الشامخات الشاهقات
نحن ثرنا فحياة أو ممات
و عقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر
فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا
٢
𝄇 نحن جند في سبيل الحق ثرنا
و إلى استقلالنا بالحرب قمنا 𝄆
لم يكن يصغى لنا لما نطقنا
فاتخذنا رنة البارود وزنا
و عزفنا نغمة الرشاش لحنا
وعقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر
فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا
٣
𝄇 يا فرنسا قد مضى وقت العتاب
و طويناه كما يطوى الكتاب 𝄆
يا فرنسا ان ذا يوم الحساب
فاستعدي و خذي منا الجواب
ان في ثورتنا فصل الخطاب
و عقدنا العزم ان تحيى الجزائر
فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا
٤
𝄇 نحن من أبطالنا ندفع جندا
و على أشلائنا نصنع مجدا 𝄆
و على أرواحنا نصعد خلدا
و على هاماتنا نرفع بندا
جبهة التحرير أعطيناك عهدا
و عقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر
فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا
٥
𝄇 صرخة الأوطان من ساح الفدا
فاسمعوها و استجيبوا للندا 𝄆
و اكتبوها بدماء الشهدا
و اقرأوها لبني الجيل غدا
قد مددنا لك يا مجد يدا
و عقدنا العزم أن تحيا الجزائر
فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا… فاشهدوا
|
I
𝄆 Qasaman bi-n-nāzilāti l-māḥiqāt
Wa-d-dimāʾi z-zākiyāti ṭ-ṭāhirāt 𝄇
Wa-l-bunūdi l-lāmiʿāti l-khāfiqāt
Fi-l-jibāli sh-shāmikhāti sh-shāhiqāt
Naḥnu thurnā fa-ḥayātun ʾaw mamāt
Wa-ʿaqadnā al-ʿazma ʾan taḥyā l-Jazāʾir
Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū!
II
𝄆 Naḥnu jundun fi sabīli l-ḥaqqi thurnā
Wa ʾila stiqlālinā bi-l-ḥarbi qumnā 𝄇
Lam yakun yuṣğā lanā lamā naṭaqnā
Fa-ttakhadhnā rannata l-bārūdi waznā.
Wa-ʿazafnā nağmata r-rashshāshi laḥnā
Wa-ʿaqadnā al-ʿazma ʾan taḥyā l-Jazāʾir
Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū!
III
𝄆 Yā Faransā, qad maḍā waqtu l-ʿitāb
Wa-ṭawaynāhu kamā yuṭwā l-kitāb 𝄇
Yā Faransā ʾinna dhā yawmu l-ḥisāb
Fa-staʿiddī wa-khudhī minnā l-jawāb
ʾInna fī thawratinā faṣlu l-khiṭāb
Wa-ʿaqadnā al-ʿazma ʾan taḥyā l-Jazāʾir
Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū!
IV
𝄆 Naḥnu min ʾabṭālinā nadfaʿu jundā
Wa-ʿala ʾashlaʾinā naṣnaʿu majdā. 𝄇
Wa-ʿala ʾarwāḥinā naṣʿadu khuldā.
Wa-ʿala hāmātinā narfaʿu bandā.
Jabhatu t-Taḥrīri ʾaʿṭaynāki ʿahdā.
Wa-ʿaqadnā al-ʿazma ʾan taḥyā l-Jazāʾir
Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū!
V
𝄆 Ṣarkhatu l-ʾawṭāni min sāḥi l-fidā
Ismaʿūhā wa-stajībū li-n-nidā 𝄇
Wa-ktubūhā bi-dimāʾi sh-shuhadāʾ
Wa-qraʾūhā li-banī l-jayli ğadā.
Qad madadnā laka yā majdu yadā
Wa-ʿaqadnā al-ʿazma ʾan taḥyā l-Jazāʾir
Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū! Fa-shhadū!
|
1
𝄆 [qɑ.sæ.mæn bɪn.næː.zi.læː.tɪ‿l.mæː.ħɪ.qɑːt]
[wæ‿d.di.mæː.ʔɪ‿z.zæː.ki.jæː.tɪ‿tˤ.tˤɑː.hɪ.rɑːt] 𝄇
[wæ‿l.bu.nuːdɪ‿l.æː.mɪ.ʕæː.tɪ‿l.χɑː.fi.qɑːt]
[fɪ‿l.ʒi.bæː.lɪ‿ʃ.ʃæː.mɪ.χɑː.tɪ‿ʃ.ʃæː.hɪ.qɑːt]
[næħ.nʊ t̪ʊr.næː fæ.ħæ.jæː.tʊn ʔɑw mæ.mæːt]
[wɑ ʕɑ.qɑd.næː‿l.ʕæz.mæ ʔæn tæħ.jæː‿l.ʒæ.zæ.ʔɪr]
[fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ]
2
𝄆 [næħ.nʊ ʒʊn.dʊn fi sæ.biː.lɪ‿l.ħæq.qɪ t̪ʊr.nɑː]
[wæ ʔɪ.lɑ stɪq.læː.li.nɑː bɪl.ħær.bɪ qʊm.nɑː] 𝄇
[læm jæ.kʊn jʊsˤ.ʁɑ læ.næː læ.mɑː næ.tˤɑq.nɑː]
[fæ‿t.tæ.χɑd̪.næː rɑn.næ.tæ‿l.bæː.rʊː.di wæz.nɑː]
[wæ ʕæ.zæf.næː næʁ.mæ.tæ‿r.rɑʃ.ʃæː.ʃi læħ.nɑː]
[wɑ ʕɑ.qɑd.næː‿l.ʕæz.mæ ʔæn tæħ.jæː‿l.ʒæ.zæ.ʔɪr]
[fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ]
3
𝄆 [jɑː fɑ.ræn.sɑː qɑd mɑ.dˤɑ wɑq.tʊ‿l.ʕɪ.tæːb]
[wɑ tˤɑ.wæj.næː.hʊ kæ.mæː jʊtˤ.wæː‿l.ki.tæːb] 𝄇
[jɑː fɑ.ræn.sæː ʔɪn.næ d̪æː jæw.mʊ‿l.ħi.sæːb]
[fæs.tæ.ʕɪd.diː wæ χʊ.d̪iː mɪn.næː‿l.ʒæ.wæːb]
[ʔɪn.na fiː t̪ɑw.rɑ.ti.nɑː fæsˤ.lʊ‿l.χɪ.tˤɑːb]
[wɑ ʕɑ.qɑd.næː‿l.ʕæz.mæ ʔæn tæħ.jæː‿l.ʒæ.zæ.ʔɪr]
[fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ]
4
𝄆 [næħ.nʊ mɪn ʔɑb.tˤɑː.li.næː næd.fæ.ʕʊ ʒʊn.dɑː]
[wæ ʕæ.lɑ ʔæʃ.læ.ʔɪ.nɑː næsˤ.nɑ.ʕʊ mæʒ.dɑː] 𝄇
[wæ ʕæ.lɑ ʔɑr.wɑː.ħi.næː næsˤ.ʕɑ.dʊ χʊl.dɑː]
[wæ ʕæ.læ hæː.mæː.tɪ.næː nær.fæ.ʕʊ bæn.dɑː]
[ʒæb.hæ.tʊ‿t.tæħ.rɪː.ri ʔɑʕ.tˤɑj.næː.ki ʕæh.dɑː]
[wɑ ʕɑ.qɑd.næː‿l.ʕæz.mæ ʔæn tæħ.jæː‿l.ʒæ.zæ.ʔɪr]
[fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ]
5
𝄆 [sˤɑr.χɑ.tʊ‿l.ʔɑw.tˤɑː.ni mɪn sæː.ħɪ‿l.fi.dɑː]
[ɪs.mæ.ʕuː.hɑː wæ‿s.tæ.ʒiː.bʊː lɪn.ni.dɑː] 𝄆
[wæ‿k.tʊ.bʊː.hæː bɪ.di.mæː.ʔɪ‿ʃ.ʃʊ.hæ.dɑːʔ]
[wɑ‿q.rɑ.ʔʊː.hæː li.bæ.niː‿l.ʒæj.li ʁɑ.dɑː]
[qɑd mæ.dæd.næː læ.kæ jæː mæʒ.dʊ jæ.dɑː]
[wɑ ʕɑ.qɑd.næː‿l.ʕæz.mæ ʔæn tæħ.jæː‿l.ʒæ.zæ.ʔɪr]
[fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ fæʃ.hæ.dʊ]
|
I
𝄆 We swear by the lightning that destroys,
By the streams of generous blood being shed, 𝄆
By the bright flags that wave,
Flying proudly on the high mountains
That we are in revolt, whether to live or to die,
We are determined that Algeria should live,
So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!
II
𝄆 We are soldiers in revolt for truth
And we have fought for our independence. 𝄆
When we spoke, nobody listened to us,
So we have taken the noise of gunpowder as our rhythm
And the sound of machine guns as our melody,
We are determined that Algeria should live,
So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!
III
𝄆 O France, the time of reproof is over
And we have ended it as a book is ended; 𝄆
O France, this is the day of reckoning
So prepare to receive from us our answer!
In our revolution is the end of empty talk;
We are determined that Algeria should live,
So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!
IV
𝄆 From our heroes we shall make an army come to being,
From our dead we shall build up a glory, 𝄆
Our spirits shall ascend to immortality
And on our shoulders we shall raise the Standard.
To the nationʼs Liberation Front we have sworn an oath,
We are determined that Algeria should live,
So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!
V
𝄆 The cry of the motherland sounds from the battlefields.
Listen to it and answer the call! 𝄆
Let it be written with the blood of martyrs
And be read to future generations.
Oh, Glory, we have held out our hand to you,
We are determined that Algeria should live,
So be our witness -be our witness -be our witness!
|
"Kassaman" 1962 yilda qabul qilingan boʻlsa ham, faqat 2008 yilning noyabrida Jazoir Konstitutsiyasining 5-moddasiga mamlakat inqilobiga aloqadorligini hisobga olib, uni „oʻzgarmas“ deb eʼlon qilgan oʻzgartirish kiritildi. Shuningdek, u milliy madhiya qoʻshiqning barcha misralarini oʻz ichiga olganligini tasdiqladi va shu bilan bugungi kunda Fransiyaga nisbatan nomaqbul havolani kiritish maqsadga muvofiqmi yoki yoʻqmi degan munozarani tugatdi.
- ↑ „Algeria“. The World Factbook. CIA (2017-yil 8-may). Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may.
- ↑ DiPiazza, Francesca Davis. Algeria in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books, 1 January 2007 — 69-bet. ISBN 9780822571445. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-may.
- ↑ Brown, L. Carl; Zaimeche, Salah (21 April 2017). "Algeria – History". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria/Cultural-life#toc220551. <!--->
- ↑ "Algerian War". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. https://www.britannica.com/event/Algerian-War. <!--->
- ↑ Aissaoui, Rabah. Immigration and National Identity: North African Political Movements in Colonial and Postcolonial France. I.B. Tauris, 30 March 2009 — 31-bet. ISBN 9780857713469. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may.
- ↑ „"Kassaman," Anthem to the Glory of Algerian Revolution“. Algeria Press Service (2012-yil 5-iyul). 2018-yil 21-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may. Andoza:Registration required
- ↑ Naylor, Phillip C.. Historical Dictionary of Algeria. Rowman & Littlefield, 7 May 2015 — 553-bet. ISBN 9780810879195. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may.
- ↑ Marshall, Alex. „Alex Marshall: Flower of Scotland nation's choice“ (2015-yil 28-avgust). 2017-yil 30-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may.
- ↑ Burnton, Simon. „Every 2014 World Cup national anthem reviewed by a pop star!“ (2014-yil 9-iyun). Qaraldi: 2017-yil 30-may.
- ↑ „النشيد الوطني الجزائري والمغربي“ [Algerian and Moroccan national anthems]. State Information Service. 2020-yil 10-yanvarda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 13-aprel.
- ↑ „National Anthem“ (en). Algerian Embassy in Namibia. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 13-aprel.
- ↑ „Algeria“. Nationalanthems.info. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 29-aprel.
Jazoir davlat madhiyasi
