The Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Arabic: النزاع الفلسطيني - الإسرائيلي‎ al-Niza'a al'Filastini al 'Israili; Hebrew: הסכסוך הישראלי-פלסטיני‎ Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Falestini) is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century. The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is sometimes also used in reference to the earlier sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine, between the Jewish yishuv and the Arab population under British rule. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has formed the core part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. It has been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict".

Despite a long-term peace process and the general reconciliation of Israel with Egypt and Jordan, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,Palestinian freedom of movement, and Palestinian right of return. The violence of the conflict, in a region rich in sites of historic, cultural and religious interest worldwide, has been the object of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights, security issues and human rights, and has been a factor hampering tourism in and general access to areas that are hotly contested.

Timeline of conflict between Israelis and Palestinians in 2007. It includes would-be attacks that were foiled and thwarted by Israeli security forces.

The shaky six-month cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians collapsed when the military wing of Hamas, one of the leading Palestinian factions, resumed rocket attacks against Israel on May 15 in an apparent attempt to draw Israel into the ongoing Palestinian factional violence. Hundreds of rockets were fired since then, many of them landing around Sderot, causing several frightened residents to flee and others be treated for wounds and shock.

In the months since November 2006, smaller Palestinian factions continued to fire rockets at Israel. They included Islamic Jihad, which rejected the cease-fire, and Al-Aksa Martyrs Brigades, which is nominally affiliated with the mainstream Fatah faction headed by the Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas. Israel said it was ending its policy of restraint against the rocket fire on May 16. Since then, the air force has struck mainly at Hamas structures and cells that the army said were involved in terrorist activity.

An increase of violence occurred in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict starting early September 2015, known as the "Wave of Terror" or "Intifada of the Individuals" by Israelis or the "Knife Intifada" by international media, related in part to tensions between Palestinians and Israelis regarding the status of the Temple Mount. A major escalation occurred at 1 October 2015 with the killing of Eitam and Na'ama Henkin by Hamas militants near Beit Furik on 1 October was followed by a wave of "lone wolf" attacks and widespread protests by Palestinians, sparking fears of a Third Intifada.

Twenty-eight people have been killed in attacks including stabbings, car rammings and shootings between 13 September, 2015 and 5 January, 2016 - 25 Israelis, one Eritrean, one US citizen and one Palestinian. As of 14 December, 19 of those deaths occurred in the West Bank, while 4 occurred within Israel. The Palestinian health ministry says 149 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli security forces or civilians in that time, with over 15,000 injured in clashes with Israeli soldiers.

Palestinian conflict may refer to: