伊萨克种族灭绝
外观
伊萨克种族灭绝 Isaaq genocide | |
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索马里兰独立战争的一部分 | |
挖掘出的伊萨克种族灭绝受害者遗骸 | |
位置 | 索马里民主共和国 |
日期 | 1987—1989年 |
目標 | 伊萨克种族 |
類型 | 种族灭绝式屠杀、政府犯罪、滥杀、强迫失踪 |
死亡 | 50,000—100,000人[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] 最高估计在10万到20万人之间[9][10][11][12][13] |
主謀 | 索马里民主共和国 |
種族滅絕 |
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分类 |
伊萨克种族灭绝(索馬利亞語:Xasuuqii beesha Isaaq;阿拉伯语:الإبادة الجماعية لقبيلة إسحاق)[14][15]或哈尔格萨大屠杀,[16]是1987年至1989年索马里兰独立战争期间,穆罕默德·西亞德·巴雷独裁统治下的索馬里民主共和國对伊萨克族平民进行的系统性的、政府支持的种族灭绝。[17][18]根据各种消息来源,在这场大屠杀中死亡的平民人数估计在5万到10万之间,[19]而当地报道估计死亡的伊萨克平民总数多达20多万。[20]种族灭绝还包括夷平并完全摧毁索马里共和国的第二大城市哈尔格萨(90%被摧毁)[21]和第三大城市布拉奥(70%被摧毁)[22],并造成多达该地区的50万名[23][24]索马里人(主要是伊萨克部落)[25]逃离自己的土地,越过边界来到埃塞俄比亚成了难民,这被称为“非洲有记录的最快、最大规模的强迫人口迁移之一”,[23]促成了当时世界上最大的难民营的建立(1988年),[26]另有40万人流离失所。[27][28][29]破坏的规模导致哈尔格萨被称为“非洲的德累斯顿轰炸”。[23]这些杀戮发生在索马里内战期间,被称为“被遗忘的种族灭绝”。
相关条目
[编辑]外部链接
[编辑]- 哈尔格萨地方博物馆,受这场大屠杀影响的博物馆(简体中文)
参考资料
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- ^ Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S. Genocide in the Twentieth Century: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts. Garland Pub. 1 January 1995. ISBN 978-0-8153-0309-1 (英语).
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at a conservative estimate between 80,000 - 130,000 and .
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- ^ Jones, Adam. Genocide, war crimes and the West: history and complicity. Zed Books. 2004. ISBN 978-1-84277-191-4 (英语).
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- ^ Frushone, Joel. Welcome Home to Nothing: Refugees Repatriate to a Forgotten Somaliland. U.S. Committee for Refugees. 1 January 2001. ISBN 978-0-936548-12-8 (英语).
- ^ Dumper, Michael; Stanleyc, Bruce E. Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. 1 January 2007 [2023-08-23]. ISBN 978-1-57607-919-5. (原始内容存档于2023-07-31) (英语).
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- ^ Reinl, James. Somali torture victim will face his abuser after 31 years — in US court. GlobalPost. 30 April 2019 [2023-08-23]. (原始内容存档于2021-10-20).
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- ^ Straus, Scott. Making and Unmaking Nations: The Origins and Dynamics of Genocide in Contemporary Africa. Cornell University Press. 24 March 2015 [2023-08-23]. ISBN 978-0-8014-5567-4. (原始内容存档于2023-11-29) (英语).
- ^ Investigating genocide in Somaliland. (原始内容存档于20 May 2017).
- ^ Somaliland: Time for African Union Leadership (PDF). International Crisis Group. 2006: 5 [2023-08-23]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-02-02).
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- ^ Lindley, Anna. The Early Morning Phonecall: Somali Refugees' Remittances. Berghahn Books. 15 January 2013 [2023-08-23]. ISBN 978-1-78238-328-4. (原始内容存档于2023-11-29) (英语).
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