[go: nahoru, domu]
Jump to content

32 County Sovereignty Movement

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

32 County Sovereignty Movement
ChairpersonFrancis Mackey[1]
FounderBernadette Sands McKevitt
Founded1997 (1997)
Split fromSinn Féin
IdeologyIrish republicanism
Socialism[2]
Anti-imperialism[3]
Website
32csm.org
Part of a series on
Irish republicanism
Concepts
History
People
Active parties
Defunct parties
Militant groups
Active

Inactive

Defunct

Active Organisations
Defunct Organisations
Media

The 32 County Sovereignty Movement, often abbreviated to 32CSM or 32csm, is an Irish republican group that was founded by Bernadette Sands McKevitt.[4][5] It does not contest elections but acts as a pressure group, with branches or cumainn organised throughout the traditional counties of Ireland.

The 32CSM had been described as the "political wing" of the now defunct Real IRA,[5][6][7] but this was denied by both organisations.[8][9][10] The group originated in a split from Sinn Féin over the Mitchell Principles.[11][12] The group was designated by the United States as a Foreign Terrorist Organization.[13]

Objectives

[edit]
  • "The restoration of Irish national sovereignty".
  • "To seek to achieve unity among the Irish people on the issue of restoring national sovereignty and to promote the revolutionary ideals of republicanism and to this end involve itself in resisting all forms of colonialism and imperialism."
  • "To seek the immediate and unconditional release of all Irish republican prisoners throughout the world."[14]

History

[edit]

The organisation was founded as the 32 County Sovereignty Committee[11] on 7 December 1997 at a meeting of like-minded Irish republicans in Finglas in Dublin.[5] Those present were opposed to the direction taken by Sinn Féin and other mainstream republican groups in the Northern Ireland peace process, which would lead to the Belfast Agreement (also known as the Good Friday Agreement) the following year. The same division in the republican movement led to the paramilitary group now known as the Real IRA breaking away from the Provisional Irish Republican Army at around the same time.

Most of its founders had been members of Sinn Féin; some had been expelled from the party for challenging the leadership's direction, while others felt they had not been properly able to air their concerns within Sinn Féin at the direction its leadership had taken. Bernadette Sands McKevitt, wife of Michael McKevitt and a sister of hunger striker Bobby Sands, was a prominent member of the group until a split in the organisation.

The name refers to the 32 counties of Ireland which were created during the Lordship and Kingdom of Ireland. With the partition of Ireland in 1920–1922; 26 of these counties formed the Irish Free State which was abolished in 1937 and is now known as Ireland since 1949; the remaining six counties of Northern Ireland remain part of the United Kingdom. Founder Bernadette Sands McKevitt said in a 1998 interview with the Irish Mirror that people did not fight for "peace" – "they fought for independence" – and that the organisation reaffirms to the republican position in the 1919 Irish Declaration of Independence.[15]

Before the referendums on the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the 32CSM lodged a legal submission with the United Nations challenging British sovereignty in Ireland.[16] The referendums were opposed by the 32CSM, but were supported by 71% of voters in Northern Ireland and by 94% in the Republic of Ireland. It was reported in February 2000 that the group established a "branch" in Kilburn, London.[17]

In November 2005 the 32CSM launched a political initiative titled Irish Democracy, A Framework For Unity.[citation needed]

On 24 May 2014, Gary Donnelly, a member of the 32 County Sovereignty Movement, was elected to the Derry and Strabane super council.[18][19] In July 2014, a delegation from the 32 County Sovereignty Movement travelled to Canada, to take part in a six-day speaking tour. On arrival the delegation was detained and refused entry into Canada.[20]

Protests

[edit]
32CSM march to commemorate the Easter Rising, Dublin, April 2010

The 32CSM has protested against what it calls "internment by remand" in both jurisdictions in Ireland.

Other protests include ones against former Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley in Cobh, County Cork, against former British Prime Minister John Major being given the Keys to Cork city, against a visit to the Republic of Ireland by Police Service of Northern Ireland head Sir Hugh Orde, and against the Israeli occupation of Palestine and Anglo-American occupation of Iraq.

In 2015, the 32CSM organised a demonstration in Dundee, Scotland, in solidarity with the men convicted of shooting Constable Stephen Carroll, the first police officer to be killed in Northern Ireland since the formation of the PSNI. The organisation says the "Craigavon Two" are innocent and have been victims of a miscarriage of justice.[21]

Legality

[edit]

The group is currently considered a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) in the United States, because the group is considered to be inseparable from the Real IRA, which is designated as an FTO.[22][23] At a briefing in 2001, a spokesman for the US Department of State stated that "evidence provided by both the British and Irish governments and open source materials demonstrate clearly that the individuals who created the Real IRA also established these two entities to serve as the public face of the Real IRA. These alias organizations engage in propaganda and fundraising on behalf of and in collaboration with the Real IRA." The US Department of State's designation made it illegal for Americans to provide material support to the Real IRA, requires US financial institutions to block the group's assets and denies alleged RIRA members visas into the US.[22][24]

Outside Ireland

[edit]

The 32CSM also operates outside of the island of Ireland to some extent. The Gaughan/Stagg Cumann covers England, Scotland and Wales, and has an active relationship of mutual promotion with a minority of British left wing groups,[dubious – discuss] and antifascist organisations.[25] The James Larkin Republican Flute Band (founded in 1996) in Liverpool, and the West of Scotland Band Alliance (founded in 1979)—the largest section of which is the Glasgow-based Parkhead Republican Flute Band—are also supporters of the 32CSM[26] (the larger flute band communities in these areas tend to be aligned to Sinn Féin instead). As of 2014, the 32CSM's alleged paramilitary wing, the Real IRA, was reported to have been still involved in attempts to perpetrate bombings in Britain as part of the Dissident Irish Republican campaign, which has been ongoing since 1998.[27]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Alan Ryan commemoration 2014". 32csm.com. 6 September 2014. Archived from the original on 1 January 2015.
  2. ^ "International". 32csm. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Constitution". 32csm. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 30 August 2020.
  4. ^ "The bombers have blown a hole in more than the BBC". The Guardian. 5 March 2001. Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  5. ^ a b c "Links with terror group rejected". BBC. 17 August 1997. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
  6. ^ "Red Pepper January 2001". 2 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2 March 2004.
  7. ^ "Not Found – BreakingNews.ie". breakingnews.ie. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2006.
  8. ^ "CAIN: Abstracts of Organisations – 'T'". Archived from the original on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  9. ^ Horgan 2013, p. 185.
  10. ^ Morrison 2013, p. 149.
  11. ^ a b Horgan 2013, p. 28.
  12. ^ Morrison 2013, p. 159.
  13. ^ "Foreign Terrorists and Terrorist Organizations; Designation: Real IRA". federalregister.gov. 13 May 2003.
  14. ^ "32CSM". Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2011.
  15. ^ "Perilous crisis facing 32-county group is of its own making". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  16. ^ "Submission to the UN". Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
  17. ^ Campbell, Denis; Thompson, Tony (13 February 2000). "Real IRA sets up wing in London". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
  18. ^ "Gary Donnelly elected in Derry & Strabane". BBC. 24 May 2014. Archived from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  19. ^ "Dissident republican Gary Donnelly takes Derry and Strabane super council seat and faces IRA bomb motion". Belfast Telegraph. 12 June 2014. Archived from the original on 21 August 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  20. ^ "Canadian detention a 'political decision' – Francis Mackey". Ulster Herald. 28 July 2014. Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  21. ^ Dinnie, Steven (24 January 2015). "VIDEO: Tempers flare at Irish republican protest in Dundee". Archived from the original on 26 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  22. ^ a b "Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)". 2001-2009.state.gov. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  23. ^ Harnden, Toby (17 May 2001). "Real IRA designated terrorists". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  24. ^ "Real IRA Designation (Taken question)". 2001-2009.state.gov. Archived from the original on 17 October 2009. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  25. ^ "Antifascist Solidarity Needed in Liverpool on Saturday 21st July!". Liverpool Antifascists. 14 July 2012. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  26. ^ Lowe 2013, p. 48.
  27. ^ 'IRA group' sent suspect packages to army offices Archived 2 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. BBC News. 17 February 2014.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Horgan, John (2013). Divided We Stand: The Strategy and Psychology of Ireland's Dissident Terrorists. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199772858.
  • Lowe, David (2013). Examining Political Violence: Studies of Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Internal War. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1466588202.
  • Morrison, John F. (2013). The Origins and Rise of Dissident Irish Republicanism: The Role and Impact of Organizational Splits. Bloomsbury Academic. ASIN B00GSSDAM8.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=32_County_Sovereignty_Movement&oldid=1247594506"