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Captain Future

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the pulp magazine character. For the American science fiction magazine this character's stories were originally published in, see Captain Future (magazine). For the comic superhero, see Captain Future (Nedor Comics). For the Canadian football player, see Curtis Newton (Canadian football).
Publication information
PublisherThrilling Publications
First appearanceCaptain Future (1940)
Created byMort Weisinger
Leo Margulies
In-story information
Alter egoCurtis Newton
Supporting character of
  • Simon Wright
  • Grag
  • Otho
  • Prof. Simon Wright
  • Joan Randall
  • Marshall Ezra Gurney
  • Ul Quorn

Captain Future is a pulp science fiction hero – a space-traveling scientist and adventurer – originally published in the United States in his his namesake pulp magazine from 1940 to 1944. The character was created by editors Mort Weisinger and Leo Margulies. The majority of the stories were authored by Edmond Hamilton. A number of adaptations and derivative works followed.

A 1978–79 Japanese anime (キャプテン・フューチャー) was dubbed into several languages, including Spanish, French, German, Italian and Arabic. His francophone name is Capitaine Futur,[1] although he is better known in francophone countries under the name Capitaine Flam.

Origins

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Third issue featuring Earle K. Bergey's debut art for the title.
Close-up portrait cover by Earle K. Bergey, Winter 1941.

Although sometimes mistakenly attributed to science fiction writer Edmond Hamilton, who indeed authored most of the Captain Future stories, the character was created by Better Publications editors Mort Weisinger and Leo Margulies before[2][3] the 1st World Science Fiction Convention in 1939 and then announced there.[4][5]

The original character was published by Ned Pines' Thrilling/Standard/Better publications company. A different Captain Future was published in Pine's Nedor Comics line.

Stories and art

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The stories were published in American pulp magazines from 1940 to 1951, featuring bright-colored cover illustrations by Earle K. Bergey and two fellow pulp artists. Captain Future's originating adventures appeared in his namesake magazine, which ran from 1940 to 1944, coinciding with World War II. Bergey painted twelve of the seventeen Captain Future covers, and all ten subsequent Startling Stories covers under which additional Captain Future novels and novelettes were published. Of note, Bergey's art for Captain Future, beginning with the third issue, marks the start of his groundbreaking work in the fields of science fiction and fantasy illustration.

While the first four issues of the Captain Future pulp are subtitled "Wizard of Science", the remaining thirteen issues bear the header, "Man of Tomorrow", shifting focus to the humanity of the titular hero, whose given name is Curtis Newton. A brilliant scientist and adventurer, Newton roams the solar system as Captain Future—solving problems, righting wrongs, and vanquishing futuristic supervillains. Published by Better Publications, an imprint of the expansive Thrilling Group of pulps, Captain Future gave readers the only explicitly science fiction and fantasy pulp hero in the history of American pulps.

Map of the Denebian Aar, from the 1943 Captain Future story "Star of Dread".

The series makes assumptions about the Solar System which are outlandish by modern standards but which still seemed plausible, at least to most readers, when the stories were written. Every one of the planets of the Solar System, and many of the moons and asteroids, are suitable for life; most are occupied by humanoid extraterrestrials. The initial adventures take place in the planets of the Solar System. Later installments (after Captain Future invents the "vibration drive") take the hero to other stars, other dimensions and even the distant past and almost to the end of the Universe. As an example, they visit the planet Aar in the Deneb system, which is the origin planet for Earth humans, as well as many other humanoids across the Solar System and beyond.[6]

A Captain Future cover from Startling Stories January 1950, painted by Earle K. Bergey.

Story overview

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Initially, the story was set in 1990. Hamilton quickly avoided exact dates except for past events such as the voyages of the astronauts who first landed on most of the other planets of the Solar System. In later stories, if the date was asked or revealed, it was done so discreetly.

The series begins when genius scientist Roger Newton, his wife Elaine, and his fellow scientist Simon Wright leave planet Earth to do research in an isolated laboratory on the Moon, and to escape the predations of Victor Corvo (originally: Victor Kaslan[7]), a criminal politician who wished to use Newton's inventions for his own gain. Simon's body is old and diseased and Roger enables him to continue doing research by transplanting his healthy brain into an artificial case (originally immobile—carried around by Grag—later equipped with lifter units). Working together, the two scientists create an intelligent robot called Grag, and an android with shape-shifting abilities called Otho. One day, Corvo arrives on the Moon and murders the Newtons; but before he can reap the fruits of his atrocity, Corvo and his killers are in turn slain by Grag and Otho.

The deaths of the Newtons leave their son, Curtis, to be raised by the unlikely trio of Otho, Grag, and Simon Wright. Under their tutelage, Curtis grows up to be a brilliant scientist and as strong and fast as any champion athlete. He also grows up with a strong sense of responsibility and hopes to use his scientific skills to help people. With that goal in his mind, he calls himself Captain Future; Simon, Otho and Grag are referred to as the Futuremen in subsequent stories. Other recurring characters in the series are the old space marshal Ezra Gurney, the beautiful Planet Patrol agent Joan Randall (who provides a love interest for Curtis), and James Carthew, President of the Solar System whose office is in New York City and who calls upon Future in extreme need.

Captain Future faces many enemies in his career but his archenemy is Ul Quorn, who is the only recurring villain in the series and appears in two different stories. He is part Martian - therefore called the Magician of Mars - but also the son of Victor Corvo, who murdered the Newtons. Quorn is a scientist whose abilities rival those of Captain Future.

Stories

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Issue Story Title Author Publication Title Publication Date Notes
1 "Captain Future and the Space Emperor" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Winter 1940 Reprinted under the same title
2 "Calling Captain Future" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Spring 1940 Reprinted under the same title
3 "Captain Future's Challenge" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Summer 1940 Reprinted under the same title
4 "The Triumph of Captain Future" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Fall 1940 Reprinted as "Galaxy Mission"
5 "Captain Future and the Seven Space-Stones" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Winter 1941
6 "Star Trail to Glory" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Spring 1941
7 "The Magician of Mars" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Summer 1941 Reprinted under the same title
8 "The Lost World of Time" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Fall 1941
9 "Quest Beyond the Stars" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Winter 1942 Reprinted under the same title
10 "Outlaws of the Moon" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Spring 1942 Reprinted under the same title
11 "The Comet Kings" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Summer 1942 Reprinted under the same title
12 "Planets in Peril" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Fall 1942 Reprinted under the same title
13 "The Face of the Deep" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Winter 1943
14 "Worlds to Come" Joseph Samachson (as William Morrison) Captain Future Spring 1943
15 "Star of Dread" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Summer 1943
16 "Magic Moon" Edmond Hamilton Captain Future Winter 1944
17 "Days of Creation" Joseph Samachson (as William Morrison) Captain Future Spring 1944 Reprinted as "The Tenth Planet"
18 "Red Sun of Danger" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories Spring 1945 Reprinted as "Danger Planet"
19 "Outlaw World" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories Winter 1946 Reprinted under the same title
20 "The Solar Invasion" Manly Wade Wellman Startling Stories Fall 1946 Reprinted under the same title
SS01 "The Return of Captain Future" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories January 1950
SS02 "Children of the Sun" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories May 1950
SS03 "The Harpers of Titan" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories September 1950 Reprinted as part of Doctor Cyclops
SS04 "Pardon My Iron Nerves" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories November 1950
SS05 "Moon of the Unforgotten" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories January 1951
SS06 "Earthmen No More" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories March 1951
SS07 "Birthplace of Creation" Edmond Hamilton Startling Stories May 1951
Side Story "Treasure on Thunder Moon" Edmond Hamilton Amazing Stories April 1942 See explanation in notes below.
Side Story "Forgotten World" Edmond Hamilton Thrilling Wonder Stories Winter 1946 See explanation in notes below
Notes
  • Stories #14–17 were credited to the newly-created house name "Brett Sterling"
  • Stories SS1–7 were short stories taking place a few years later in 'continuity'.
  • Not a Captain Future story per se, the short story "Treasure on Thunder Moon" features the 'final' adventure of the survivors of the crews of several early explorers prominently listed in the Future novels (Gorham Johnson, Mark Carew, Jan Wenzi and others) marking as a side story to the Future series. The Futuremen themselves visit the Thunder Moon during Captain Future's Challenge.
  • Not Captain Future story per se, the short novel Forgotten World takes place circa 2,000 years in the future of the Futurian universe. Mentions are made of the original explorers of solarian space (Carew, Wenzi and others) named in the Worlds of Tomorrow back feature in issues of CF.
  • A number of issues were reprinted in paperback in the 1960s, as noted above. One had a Frank Frazetta cover, several had Jeff Jones art. Several, including one which also reprinted the text of Henry Kuttner's short novelization of the film Doctor Cyclops, used covers from Perry Rhodan (a long-lived serialized space opera).
  • With Popular pulps, Winter was the first season/quarter of the year (Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall).
  • All stories (excepting Treasure on Thunder Moon and Forgotten World) have been reprinted as ebooks in a number of formats.

Characters

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Captain Future
Tall, athletic and handsome, with red hair, Captain Future was born on the Moon as Curtis Newton. After the death of his parents, he was trained by Professor Simon, Otho and Grag in all scientific and athletic pursuits necessary to fight crime and injustice across the Solar System.
Prof. Simon Wright
A human brain living in a transparent, nuclear-powered life support case, with tentacle-mounted optics. He is Captain Future's mentor and chief consultant in scientific matters.
Grag and Otho
Grag is a seven-foot-tall metallic robot. Otho is a white-skinned android. Both were created by Roger Newton with artificial intelligence and human emotions to be friends and helpers to mankind. Grag and Otho have a friendly rivalry. Grag is big and strong, but not very bright, while Otho is quick-witted, agile, and (with the aid of a special chemical) able to alter his physical appearance.
Eek and Oog
Grag and Otho's pets, respectively. Eek is a "moonpup", a canine creature which does not need air to survive and consumes soft metals for food. Oog is an amorphous being called a mimic, an artificially created pet that can change its shape as Otho does. Both are telepathic, and are attached to their respective master.
Joan Randall
A beautiful female agent of the Planetary Police on Earth. She has brunette hair (or blonde hair in the anime adaptation). She shares a mutual romantic attraction with Curtis, but their respective duties prevent them from taking their relationship further.
Marshall Ezra Gurney
A high-ranking veteran officer in the Planetary Police.
Ul Quorn
Son of Victor Corvo, the man who murdered Captain Future's parents. A scientific genius, he has chosen to use his intellect for evil purposes.
Johnny Kirk
An orphan boy and a dedicated fan of the Futuremen. During his debut appearance in "The Magician of Mars", he impresses Captain Future with his determination to become one of his crew, and is later entrusted to Joan and the Planetary Police to be trained as a future crew-member. He has an expanded role and different name (Ken Scott) in the anime.

Technology

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Captain Future's spaceship, named the Comet, has been designed by himself and is superior to all other spaceships in the solar system. A research ship, the Comet has a compact on-board laboratory. It is also equipped with a camouflage device giving it the appearance of an actual comet, and armed with "proton cannons". She only receives faster-than-light propulsion late in the series of novels. In the animated series, she has a hyperspace drive (in the Japanese version referred to as Warp Engine[8]) and also a small auxiliary shuttlecraft called the Cosmoliner.

Adaptations and other derivative works

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Anime

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Captain Future
Screenshot from the anime series
キャプテン・フューチャー
(Kyaputen Fyūchā)
GenreAdventure, science fiction
Anime television series
Directed byTomoharu Katsumata
Written byMasaki Tsuji
Music byYuji Ohno
StudioToei Animation
Licensed by
Original networkNHK General TV
Original run November 7, 1978 – December 18, 1979
Episodes53

In 1978, one year after Hamilton's death, Japanese company Toei Animation produced a Captain Future (キャプテン・フューチャー, Kyaputen Fyūchā) anime television series of 53 episodes, based on 13 of the stories. Despite the differences in cultural references and medium, the animated series was true to the original in many ways,[9][10] from the didactic scientific explanations to the emphasis on the usefulness of brains as opposed to brawn.

The series was translated in several languages and distributed globally. The four episodes comprising the series' second story arc were dubbed into English and released on video by ZIV International in the early 1980s as The Adventures of Captain Future. In the late 1980s, Harmony Gold dubbed the series' initial four-part story as an edited "TV movie" simply entitled Captain Future, but with alterations regarding some character names[11] (different from those in Hamilton's stories - whether for licensing law or other reasons, remains a broad field for speculation). A Blu-ray Box in Japanese only was released in September, 2016 (Box 1) and November, 2016 (Box 2).[12] A German "Limited Collectors Edition" Blu-ray Box was released in December 2016, featuring not only the remastered Japanese uncut version (with German subtitles) but also the heavily cut German version.[13]

While only eight episodes in total were dubbed into English, the series met huge success particularly in Japan, France, where the title and lead character's name were changed to "Capitaine Flam", in Italy with the translated title of "Capitan Futuro", in Latin America and Spain with the title "Capitán Futuro", in Taiwan with the title "太空突擊隊" ("Space Commando"). The Arabic-language version has the title of فارس الفضاء (Faris al-Fadha'a, or "The Knight of Space") and was broadcast many times during the 1980s.

The series was also broadcast in Germany, where it appeared under its original title. However, this version was cut by about a quarter of the original length, which mainly affected violent scenes or those considered "expendable" for the storylines.

Score

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The original incidental music was composed by Yuji Ohno, while the English-dubbed version had a new soundtrack composed by Mark Mercury. Mercury's work survived on the Latin American version, but a new opening was added for it, composed by Shuki Levy and sung by Chilean performer Juan Guillermo Aguirre (a.k.a. "Capitán Memo").[14]

For the German version, a completely new soundtrack was created by German composer Christian Bruhn. To this day, the futuristic synth disco funk soundtrack is considered cult for giving the series the right feeling. A soundtrack CD was released in 1995. A remix of the theme Feinde greifen an ("enemies attack") by German DJ Phil Fuldner, called "The Final", entered the top ten of the German and Austrian single charts in 1998.[15] The German publisher Bastei-Verlag released a Captain Future comic series with original adventures.

Episodes

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# Chapters Episodes Directed by Written by
1 恐怖の宇宙帝王
(Captain Future and the Space Emperor) 		宇宙帝王現わる Tomoharu Katsumata Masaki Tsuji
2 炎の海の牢獄 Tomoharu Katsumata Masaki Tsuji
3 天翔ける砦の奇蹟 Masahiro Sasaki Masaki Tsuji
4 衛星ヌーンの決戦 Masahiro Sasaki Masaki Tsuji
5 時のロスト‧ワールド
(The Lost World of Time) 		SOS1億年前 Kozo Morishita Masaki Tsuji
6 聖なる星クウムの謎 Tomoharu Katsumata Masaki Tsuji
7 太陽系創世記 Hideki Takayama Masaki Tsuji
8 遥かなり50億年の旅 Hideki Takayama Masaki Tsuji
Special
episode 		謎の宇宙船強奪団
(Star Trail to Glory) 		華麗なる太陽系レース
(The Super Solar System Race) 		Tomoharu Katsumata Masaki Tsuji
9 挑戦！嵐の海底都市
(Captain Future's Challenge) 		破壊王の陰謀 Kozo Morishita Takeo Kaneko
10 海底の罠 Kozo Morishita Takeo Kaneko
11 戦慄の海悪魔 Tomoharu Katsumata Takeo Kaneko
12 破壊王の謎 Kozo Morishita Takeo Kaneko
13 輝く星々の彼方へ！
(The Quest beyond the Stars) 		惑星に空気がなくなるとき Directed by : Tomoharu Katsumata
Storyboarded by : Shigeho Hirota 		Fumio Ishimori
14 悲劇の暗黒星 Hideki Takayama Fumio Ishimori
15 見張りのおきて Masahiro Sasaki Fumio Ishimori
16 甦える惑星 Johei Matsura Fumio Ishimori
17 透明惑星危機一髪！
(The Magician of Mars) 		ウル・クォルンの挑戦 Kozo Morishita Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
18 暗闇族のすむ地底 Johei Matsura Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
19 惑星ただ一人 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Yoshihiro Tomita 		Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
20 透明惑星の幻人間 Directed by : Hideki Takayama
Storyboarded by : Noboru Ishiguro 		Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
21 太陽系七つの秘宝
(Captain Future and the Seven Space Stones) 		銀河に眠る神秘の石 Akira Yokoi Takeo Kaneko
22 銀河サーカスの死闘 Akira Yokoi Takeo Kaneko
23 キャプテンフューチャー死す！ Directed by : Hideki Takayama
Storyboarded by : Akira Yokoi 		Takeo Kaneko
24 未知のミクロ宇宙 Johei Matsura Takeo Kaneko
25 暗黒星大接近！
(Calling Captain Future) 		渦巻く墓標 Directed by : Tomoharu Katsumata
Storyboarded by : Isao Nakatsugawa 		Masaki Tsuji
26 吠える大氷流 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Isao Nakatsugawa 		Masaki Tsuji
27 怪獣狩人は語る Masahiro Sasaki Masaki Tsuji
28 幻の星、幻の文明 Directed by : Hideki Takayama
Storyboarded by : Noboru Ishiguro 		Masaki Tsuji
29 宇宙囚人船の反乱
(The Face of the Deep) 		囚人船ハイジャックさる！ Directed by : Yasuo Hasegawa
Storyboarded by : Kozo Morishita 		Ryunosuke Ono
30 銀河からの大脱走 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Yoshihiro Tomita 		Ryunosuke Ono
31 ゼロからの出発 Directed by : Hideki Takayama
Storyboarded by : Noboru Ishiguro 		Ryunosuke Ono
32 星くずのスペースマン Johei Matsura Ryunosuke Ono
33 魔法の月の決闘
(The Magic Moon) 		キャプテンフューチャー募集！ Kozo Morishita Takeo Kaneko
34 恐怖のスペース・ロケーション Keisuke Koide Takeo Kaneko
35 幻影の惑星 Hideki Takayama Takeo Kaneko
36 放たれた最終兵器 Directed by : Yasuo Hasegawa
Storyboarded by : Kozo Morishita 		Takeo Kaneko
37 彗星王の陰謀
(The Comet King) 		消えた宇宙船 Yoshikatsu Kasai Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
38 彗星の支配者 Johei Matsura Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
39 アルルスの正体 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Noboru Ishiguro 		Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
40 悪夢の世界・四次元 Directed by : Yasuo Hasegawa
Storyboarded by : Kozo Morishita 		Hiroyuki Hoshiyama
41 脅威！不死密売団
(The Triumph of Captain Future) 		不死密売シンジケート Directed by : Hideki Takayama
Storyboarded by : Yoshihiro Tomita 		Takeo Kaneko
42 不死帝王の挑戦 Keisuke Koide Takeo Kaneko
43 生と死の幻影 Yoshikatsu Kasai Takeo Kaneko
44 永遠の都の決斗 Johei Matsura Takeo Kaneko
45 惑星タラスト救出せよ！
(Planets in Peril) 		よみがえれ伝説の英雄 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Kozo Morishita 		Masaki Tsuji
46 グラッグ奪回作戦 Hideki Takayama Masaki Tsuji
47 ひとりぼっちの地獄刑 Shigeyasu Yamauchi Masaki Tsuji
48 英雄カフールの謎 Yoshikatsu Kasai Masaki Tsuji
49 人工進化の秘密！
(The Star of Dread) 		宇宙遺跡の謎 Directed by : Shigeyasu Yamauchi
Storyboarded by : Noboru Ishiguro 		Toyohiro Ando
50 半獣人の謎 Masahiro Sasaki Toyohiro Ando
51 死都の対決 Johei Matsura Toyohiro Ando
52 光と闇の彼方へ Yoshikatsu Kasai Toyohiro Ando
[edit]

"The Death of Captain Future" (Asimov's Science Fiction, October 1995) is a novella by American writer Allen Steele set in Steele's "Near Space" realistic near future setting of expansion into the solar system. Here, Steele contrasts the more gritty setting with the naïvety of the titular character. In story, a man named Bo McKinnon collects "ancient pulp magazines" and acts out a fantasy life based on the Captain Future stories. The novella won the 1996 Hugo Award for Best Novella. An audio drama version of the story appeared as a play produced by Seeing Ear Theater. "The Exile of Evening Star" (Asimov's Science Fiction, January 1999) continues and concludes the story. It includes many quotes from the original magazines.

Steele's Avengers of the Moon: A Captain Future Novel (Tor Books 2017) is a continuity reboot which gently updates the narrative (including the science) to fit with a more modern sensibility. It was authorized by Hamilton's estate. The novel features the main characters from the original stories and presents a new origin story for its protagonist.[16] The Return of Ul Quorn, a quartet novella series published by the revived Amazing Stories magazine, followed as the sequel of Avengers of the Moon; the first entitled Captain Future in Love (2019), the second entitled The Guns of Pluto (2020), the third entitled 1,500 Light Years from Home (2021), and the fourth entitled The Horror at Jupiter (2021). The Guns of Pluto included a reprint of Hamilton's story "The Harpers of Titan" and 1,500 Light Years from Home included a long-lost musical parody.

Feature film

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In March 2010, German Director Christian Alvart (Pandorum, Case 39) secured the film rights for Captain Future and is working on a live-action adaptation in 3D.[17]

In 2015, a short trailer of a CGI version of Captain Future by Prophecy FX was leaked.[18] The trailer was said to be a study for a yet-undisclosed project. In March 2016, Chris Alvart confirmed in an interview on a RocketBeansTV podcast to have acquired the design rights from TOEI Animation so that the movie will have the look and feel of the animated series.[19]

Other appearances

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  • The Japanese TV series Captain Ultra, a placeholder series between two actual Ultraman series, was more or less a live-action adaptation of the Captain Future series (which has remained popular in Japan as well). The characters were all present, even if the names were changed.
  • In the German Netflix series Dark, Mikkel Nielsen is given a Captain Future magazine to occupy himself while he recuperates in hospital from injuries while cave exploring. When he tells the nurse looking after him he is from the future, his claims are simply dismissed as having an overactive imagination inspired by the magazine.
  • In the TV series The Big Bang Theory, a Captain Future magazine cover is featured as a wall poster beside the entrance door in Leonard's and Sheldon's apartment.
  • In Cat Planet Cuties, Episode 9 features a well known song from the anime television series of Captain Future.[20]
  • In the Pre-Crisis DC Comics, a character named Edmond Hamilton was featured as a minor adversary of Superman. This character, as a result of his homonymy with the science fiction author and his most famous work, took up the identity of Colonel Future and ended up battling Superman despite having heroic intentions.[21] This character is a homage to the real Edmond Hamilton and his work in DC Comics.

Moons of Pluto

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In the story "Calling Captain Future", three (then undiscovered) moons of Pluto are named Charon, Styx, and Cerberus after mythological characters associated with the Greek god Pluto. Three of Pluto's five moons were ultimately given the names Charon, Styx, and Kerberos (the Greek spelling of Cerberus).

See also

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References

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  1. ^ www.belial.fr/cycle/capitaine-futur
  2. ^ "CF expert Robert Weinberg's site". robertweinberg.net. 2023-05-18.
  3. ^ Will Murray, "The Once and Future Captain", Starlog 115, Feb. 1987
  4. ^ Allan Steele, The Death of Captain Future (with introduction and author's note) in The Space Opera Renaissance, ed. David G. Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer, 2006, p. 556-586.
  5. ^ Sam Moskowitz, The Immortal Storm, 1958, p. 219.
  6. ^ Clute, John; Nicholls, Peter (1993). "Hamilton, Edmond M". The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. New York: St Martin’s Griffin. p. 538. ISBN 0-312-13486-X. Hamilton spent much of the early 1940s creating the juvenile Captain Future series complete with a future history of various human species originating in the Deneb system, a collection at the same time better written and less lively than his groundbreaking trademark space operas.
  7. ^ Hamilton, Edmond. "An Inside Look at Captain Future". pulpgen.com. Estep, Larry. Archived from the original on 2020-01-25. Retrieved 2014-07-28.
  8. ^ "Die COMET, Technik (Animé-COMET)". futuremania.de (in German). 2023-04-23.
  9. ^ "Futuremania: Der Animé im Vergleich zur Romanvorlage". futuremania.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-16. Although being revised and edited by Toei, all storylines are easily to be recognized and the elements necessary for their resp. course of action are present. Toei even paid attention to minute details. In-depth comparison & analysis of the animé episodes with their corresponding pulp stories by Futuremania, Oct. 2023.
  10. ^ See also Clements, Jonathan & McCarthy, Helen, „The Animé Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition“ (2010), page 86, ISBN 978-1-933330-10-5
  11. ^ Harmony Gold, "Captain Future - Special Agents and Alien Cut-Throats", VHS cassette, runtime approx. 94 min.
  12. ^ "CF BluRay Box Release Dates". The Fandom Post. Retrieved June 19, 2017.
  13. ^ "Captain Future Komplettbox BD". Universum Film. Retrieved February, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2017-02-11.
  14. ^ "Le Site du Capitaine Flam - Captain Future". Capitaineflam.free.fr. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  15. ^ "The Final". swisscharts.com.
  16. ^ Steele, Allen (2017). Avengers of the Moon: A Captain Future Novel. NY: Tor. ISBN 9780765382184.
  17. ^ "Exclusive: Pandorum's Christian Alvart talks Captain Future adaptation". quietearth.us. Quiet Earth.
  18. ^ "Project FX feature trailer". mobilegeeks.de (in German). 2015-07-27. Archived from the original on 2015-07-30. Retrieved 2015-07-31.
  19. ^ Alvart, Christian (March 17, 2016). "#104 Christian Alvart". Kino+ (Interview) (in German). RocketBeansTV. rocketbeans.tv. Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  20. ^ "Manga Entertainment Announcements at London MCM Expo Including Wolf Children (Updated)". Anime News Network. 27 October 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  21. ^ Superman #378 (December 1982) and #399 (September 1984)
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