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Cardwell, Queensland

Coordinates: 18°15′51″S 146°01′34″E / 18.2641°S 146.0261°E / -18.2641; 146.0261 (Cardwell (town centre))
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Cardwell
Queensland
Entrance to Cardwell, Highway 1
Cardwell is located in Queensland
Cardwell
Cardwell
Coordinates18°15′51″S 146°01′34″E / 18.2641°S 146.0261°E / -18.2641; 146.0261 (Cardwell (town centre))
Population1,320 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density28.03/km2 (72.6/sq mi)
Postcode(s)4849
Elevation5 m (16 ft)[2]
Area47.1 km2 (18.2 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Cassowary Coast Region
State electorate(s)Hinchinbrook
Federal division(s)Kennedy
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
28.7 °C
84 °F		 19.0 °C
66 °F		 2,114.4 mm
83.2 in
Localities around Cardwell:
Ellerbeck Ellerbeck Coral Sea
Carruchan Cardwell Hinchinbrook Channel
Lumholtz Lumholtz Damper Creek

Cardwell is a coastal town and rural locality in the Cassowary Coast Region, Queensland, Australia.[3][4] In the 2021 census, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,320 people.[1]

Geography

[edit]

The Bruce Highway National Highway 1 and the North Coast railway line are the dominant transport routes; connecting with the Queensland provincial cities of Cairns and Townsville.[5] Cardwell railway station in Bowen Street serves the town (18°16′04″S 146°01′42″E / 18.2679°S 146.0282°E / -18.2679; 146.0282 (Cardwell railway station)).[6]

The town is a long narrow strip hugging the coast with Greenwood Hill immediately to the west of the town (18°15′50″S 146°00′55″E / 18.2638°S 146.0153°E / -18.2638; 146.0153 (Greenwood Hill)) rising to 64 metres (210 ft) above sea level.[7][5]

Victoria Street
Victoria Street
Divisional Board Hall, former Town Hall
View from Cardwell Hinchinbrook Channel
Jetty

West of Cardwell the rugged topography of the Cardwell Range intercepts the trade winds resulting in high rainfall. The coastal escarpment is covered in rainforest which transitions to the west to eucalypt woodland and tropical savanna. Cardwell Range biodiversity has been protected by the introduction of Forestry Reserves, National Parks and Queensland World Heritage Wet Tropics Areas.

Seaward lies the Hinchinbrook Channel (18°16′26″S 146°03′47″E / 18.2738°S 146.0631°E / -18.2738; 146.0631 (Hinchinbrook Channel)) and Rockingham Bay (18°14′18″S 146°03′37″E / 18.2384°S 146.0604°E / -18.2384; 146.0604 (Rockingham Bay)) which are both are part of the Coral Sea. The Great Barrier Reef is further off-shore to the east.[8][5]

Islands are visible from Cardwell including protected areas i.e. Hinchinbrook Island, Goold Island and the Brook Islands Group.[citation needed]

Oyster Point is one kilometre south of Cardwell (18°16′38″S 146°02′58″E / 18.2773°S 146.0494°E / -18.2773; 146.0494 (Oyster Point)).[9] This location experienced one of Australia's important conservation battles.[10] With the establishment of Port Hinchinbrook, the Marina Public Boat Ramp provides year-round access to the protected marine environments of Hinchinbrook Channel, Estuaries, Islands and Great Barrier Reef. The Cardwell Jetty is an important infrastructure asset, where visitors can socialize and view the coastal scenery; and anglers can enjoy both day and evening fishing activities.[citation needed]

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Cardwell, Queensland (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1957–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.7
(107.1) 		41.8
(107.2) 		38.7
(101.7) 		34.7
(94.5) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		30.2
(86.4) 		32.5
(90.5) 		36.0
(96.8) 		36.6
(97.9) 		40.0
(104.0) 		42.6
(108.7) 		42.6
(108.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 31.4
(88.5) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.7
(87.3) 		29.1
(84.4) 		26.9
(80.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.5
(77.9) 		27.4
(81.3) 		28.6
(83.5) 		30.0
(86.0) 		31.1
(88.0) 		28.5
(83.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.6
(81.7) 		27.6
(81.7) 		26.8
(80.2) 		25.1
(77.2) 		22.9
(73.2) 		20.8
(69.4) 		19.9
(67.8) 		20.5
(68.9) 		22.6
(72.7) 		24.4
(75.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		24.3
(75.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.7
(74.7) 		23.8
(74.8) 		22.9
(73.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		16.4
(61.5) 		15.1
(59.2) 		15.6
(60.1) 		17.8
(64.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		22.0
(71.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		20.1
(68.2)
Record low °C (°F) 17.2
(63.0) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		11.0
(51.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		4.2
(39.6) 		6.5
(43.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		14.4
(57.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		2.8
(37.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 427.0
(16.81) 		499.8
(19.68) 		342.0
(13.46) 		161.6
(6.36) 		90.9
(3.58) 		36.7
(1.44) 		37.2
(1.46) 		23.8
(0.94) 		49.9
(1.96) 		65.0
(2.56) 		126.0
(4.96) 		208.5
(8.21) 		2,068.4
(81.43)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 16.5 15.9 14.7 14.2 10.2 6.4 5.7 4.7 4.5 6.0 8.9 11.9 119.6
Average dew point °C (°F) 24.2
(75.6) 		24.4
(75.9) 		23.2
(73.8) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.3
(66.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		19.1
(66.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		22.1
(71.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		20.7
(69.3)
Source 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration[11]
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology[12]

History

[edit]

The Aboriginal heritage is defined by Language Groups; the boundary of the Dyirbal and Warrgamay lies between Cardwell and Tully in the north.

Warrgamay (also known as Waragamai, Wargamay, Wargamaygan, Biyay, and Warakamai) is an Australian Aboriginal language in North Queensland. The language region includes the Herbert River area, Ingham, Hawkins Creek, Long Pocket, Herbert Vale, Niagara Vale, Yamanic Creek, Herbert Gorge, Cardwell, Hinchinbrook Island and the adjacent mainland.[13]

Girramay (also known as Giramay, Garamay, Giramai, Keramai) is a language of Far North Queensland, particularly the area around Herbert River Catchment taking in the towns of Cardwell and Ingham. The Girramay language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Cassowary Coast and Hinchinbrook Regional Councils.[14]

The first Europeans settled in the area in January 1864 in order to create a port initially called "Port Hinchinbrook". Subsequently, the town was renamed Cardwell later in 1864 by explorer George Elphinstone Dalrymple after Edward Cardwell, 1st Viscount Cardwell, the Secretary of State for the Colonies at that time.[3]

Cardwell was the first port settlement on the Queensland coast north of Port Denison (Bowen). The first party of non-indigenous people to settle at Rockingham Bay arrived in January 1864 and was led by George Elphinstone Dalrymple.[15] They were 20 in number including James Morrill, William Alcock Tully, botanist John Dallachy, Arthur Jervoise Scott, Lieut. Marlow of the Native Police and his troopers Norman, Archy and Warbragen. Dalrymple also brought his "black boy" servant, an Aboriginal man from Stradbroke Island that he called "Cockey". They came from Bowen on the small schooner Policeman which was under the command of ex-Native Police officer Captain Walter Powell, with the 3 ton cutter Heather Bell in tow.[16]

Dalrymple's main purpose in establishing a settlement in Rockingham Bay was to create a port as close as possible to the Valley of Lagoons Station of which he was part owner. Very soon after disembarking from the Policeman, he endeavoured to create a road from the coast to the Valley of Lagoons largely by expanding already existing native paths. A few miles inland from the landing site was an Aboriginal village and bora ground surrounded by native banana plantations that reminded Dalrymple of villages in Ceylon. The Warrgamay people in the area and on nearby Hinchinbrook Island were described as numerous and having some of the largest spears, shields and wooden swords ever recorded in Australia. Having told the local people through his interpreter that he had come to take possession of their lands, Dalrymple bizarrely expressed frustration at the supposed inability of the aboriginals to understand the concept of "Thou shalt not steal".[17] James Morrill was more factual in his account of the founding of Cardwell writing that "I then said to [the natives] that they must clear out ... as we wished to occupy the land and would shoot any who approached, that we were strong and that another party would soon follow", and he also described how a group of Aboriginals "were set upon suddenly by Dalrymple's men and rather cut up."[18]

Cardwell Post Office opened on 10 July 1864.[19]

In March 1865, Lieutenant Blakeney and seven troopers of the Native Police spent two days clearing the area around Cardwell of Aboriginal presence by "burning camps and dispersing the natives."[20]

In the late 1860s and early 1870s, Cardwell became a transport hub for prospectors heading to the Etheridge Shire goldfields 200 kilometres (120 mi) inland from the town. Captain John Moresby visited Cardwell in 1871 and wrote that "various tribes of aborigines roam about the vicinity, and not unnaturally regard the white men, who are rapidly dispossessing them of their homes, as mortal enemies. They ... suffer terrible retaliation at the hands of our countrymen, who employ native troopers, commanded by white men to hunt down and destroy the offenders when the opportunity offers".[21]

In January 1872, two British dugong fishermen named Henry Smith and Charles Clements were killed at nearby Goold Island by resident Aboriginals. Wet weather prevented an immediate punitive expedition of four boats of armed local white men who were eager that "the blacks" be "taught that what they do is punishable by death".[22] However, within the same month the Native Police forces of Sub-Inspectors Crompton and Johnstone completed a punitive mission and returned to Cardwell with three young Aboriginal children from the island. The eldest of the children was ten and "they were given away in Cardwell to domesticate them."[23]

Cardwell Provisional School opened on 1 October 1870, becoming Cardwell State School on 22 August 1887.[24]

Murray River Provisional School opened circa 1893 and closed in 1904. Its location was described as "via Cardwell".[24]

In 1985, it was proposed to build an integrated marina and resort called Port Hinchinbrook at Oyster Point south of the town. The proposal encountered many environmental objections and financial collapse of one of the development companies, before construction commenced in 1999.[25] The long-running controversy led to the Australian Senate establishing an inquiry in May 1998 to try to understand the roles of the regulatory processes of the three levels of government in the approval for the development and what might be learned from the experience and how processes might be improved.[26]

The Cardwell Library opened in 2008.[27]

Cardwell suffered significant damage from Cyclone Yasi, a category 5 cyclone, in February 2011.[28][29] The marina and the boats within it were destroyed. As at 2019, ongoing legal disputes have prevented work on rebuilding the marina.[30]

In 2013, the Cardwell community began being the target of an online hoax, which claimed the town's Christmas lights competition had been cancelled to appease the local Muslim community, forcing Cassowary Coast Regional Council to publicly debunk the rumours.[31] Despite this, the hoax continues to circulate on social media.[32] The hoax originated from an Islamophobic post on the "Meanwhile in Australia" Facebook page, which subsequently went viral. The post detailing the bogus information specifically named the Al Shalalah mosque as the source of the complaint, but such a mosque does not exist in Cardwell.[33] The information contained within the post was also debunked by fact-checking websites such as snopes.com and Hoax Slayer.[34][35] Although the original post was deleted, screenshots of the post continue to be shared on social media.[36] Contrary to the sentiment shared in the fake post, the then Cassowary Coast mayor Bill Shannon said that he had received phone calls from Muslim leaders from as far away as Sydney encouraging Cardwell to continue with their Christmas light displays.[31]

Demographics

[edit]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,309 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 8.9% of the population. 72.5% of people were born in Australia and 83.0% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 25.6%, Catholic 22.6% and Anglican 20.6%.[37]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Cardwell had a population of 1,320 people.[1]

Heritage listings

[edit]
Cardwell Divisional Board Hall (later Cardwell Shire Chambers), 1911

Cardwell has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Cardwell also has a granite monument erected in memory of Walter Jervoise Scott, a pioneer of the Valley of Lagoons. The monument was sent from Great Britain by his brothers intended for his grave at Valley of Lagoons. On arrival at Cardwell, it was found to be too large to transport up the rough track to Valley of Lagoons, so it was erected in Cardwell instead.[41][42]

Education

[edit]

Cardwell State School is a government primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 43 Victoria Street (18°16′07″S 146°01′51″E / 18.2687°S 146.0308°E / -18.2687; 146.0308 (Cardwell State School)).[43][44] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 108 students with 6 teachers (5 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).[45] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 80 students with 5 teachers (4 full-time equivalent) and 6 non-teaching staff (5 full-time equivalent).[46]

There is no secondary school in Cardwell. The nearest government secondary school is Tully State High School in Tully to the north.[5]

Facilities

[edit]

Cardwell Police Station is at 49 Victoria Street (18°16′04″S 146°01′48″E / 18.2679°S 146.0299°E / -18.2679; 146.0299 (Cardwell Police Station)).[47][48][49]

Cardwell Fire Station is at 2 Panos Street (18°16′00″S 146°01′35″E / 18.2667°S 146.0264°E / -18.2667; 146.0264 (Cardwell Fire Station)).[47][50]

Cardwell SES Facility is in Gregory Street (18°15′27″S 146°00′43″E / 18.2576°S 146.0119°E / -18.2576; 146.0119 (Cardwell SES Facility)).[47]

Cardwell Community Health Centre is at 226 Victoria Street (18°15′20″S 146°01′00″E / 18.2555°S 146.0168°E / -18.2555; 146.0168 (Cardwell Community Health Centre)).[51][52] Cardwell Ambulance Station is at 222–224 Victoria Street, adjacent to the health centre (18°15′21″S 146°01′01″E / 18.2557°S 146.0169°E / -18.2557; 146.0169 (Cardwell Ambulance Station)).[47]

Cardwell Cemetery is in Gregory Street (18°15′25″S 146°00′39″E / 18.2570°S 146.0107°E / -18.2570; 146.0107 (Cardwell Cemetery)).[53] It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.[54]

Cardwell Coast Guard is at 1 Victoria Street (18°16′19″S 146°02′03″E / 18.2719°S 146.0342°E / -18.2719; 146.0342 (Cardwell Coast Guard)). It is a branch of the Australian Volunteer Coast Guard.[47][55][56]

Amenities

[edit]

The Cassowary Coast Regional Council operates a public library at 4 Balliol Street (18°16′03″S 146°01′43″E / 18.2675°S 146.0287°E / -18.2675; 146.0287 (Cardwell public library)).[57]

Cardwell Post Office is at 1 Brasenose Street (18°15′58″S 146°01′40″E / 18.2662°S 146.0278°E / -18.2662; 146.0278 (Cardwell Post Office)).[58][59][60]

Our Lady Star of the Sea Catholic Church is at 121 Victoria Street (18°15′53″S 146°01′35″E / 18.2648°S 146.0263°E / -18.2648; 146.0263 (Our Lady Start of the Sea Catholic Church)). It is within the Tully Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns.[61][62]

Cardwell Country Club is at 23 Gregory Street (18°16′09″S 146°01′31″E / 18.2693°S 146.0254°E / -18.2693; 146.0254 (Cardwell Country Club)).[63] It has an 18-hole golf course and a lawn bowls green.[64][65]

Port Hinchinbrook (also known as Cardwell Marina) is a 10.6-hectare (26-acre) marina in Front Street (18°16′42″S 146°02′42″E / 18.2783°S 146.0449°E / -18.2783; 146.0449 (Port Hinchinbrook (Cardwell Marina))).[66]

Port Hinchbrook boat ramp and floating walkway is in Foxtail Avenue (18°16′59″S 146°02′39″E / 18.2830°S 146.0441°E / -18.2830; 146.0441 (Port Hinchinbrook boat ramp and floating walkway)). They are managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.[67]

There is a boat ramp in Sheridan Street (18°15′24″S 146°01′16″E / 18.2567°S 146.0210°E / -18.2567; 146.0210 (Sheridan Street boat ramp)). It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.[67]

Cardwell jetty is opposite 315A Victoria Street at the north end of Hinchinbrook Channel (18°15′48″S 146°01′33″E / 18.2632°S 146.0257°E / -18.2632; 146.0257 (Cardwell jetty)). It is managed by the Cassowary Coast Regional Council.[67]

Attractions

[edit]

Cardwell Bush Telegraph Heritage Centre is one of the oldest buildings in North Queensland,[68] and part of a precinct of heritage buildings operated as a museum at 53 Victoria Street (18°16′03″S 146°01′47″E / 18.2676°S 146.0296°E / -18.2676; 146.0296 (Cardwell Bush Telegraph Heritage Centre)).[58][69]

Cardwell Lookout is at the end of Braenose Street (18°16′59″S 146°01′27″E / 18.2831°S 146.0241°E / -18.2831; 146.0241 (Cardwell Lookout)).[70] It provides panoramic views of the town and ocean beyond.[71]

Notable residents

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Cardwell (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023. Edit this at Wikidata
  2. ^ "Summary statistics: Cardwell Marine Parade". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
  3. ^ a b "Cardwell – town in Cassowary Coast Region (entry 6216)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  4. ^ "Cardwell – locality in Cassowary Coast Region (entry 45660)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  6. ^ "Railway stations and sidings - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 2 October 2020. Archived from the original on 5 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  7. ^ "Greenwood Hill – mountain in Cassowary Coast Region (entry 14822)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Bays - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Oyster Point – point in Cassowary Coast Regional (entry 25716)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Port Hinchinbrook resort protest". Green Left Weekly. 1998. Archived from the original on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
  11. ^ "CARDWELL Climate Normals for 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  12. ^ "Climate statistics for Australian locations". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  13. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Warrgamay". Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  14. ^ This Wikipedia article incorporates CC BY 4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  15. ^ "The New Settlement at Rockingham Bay". Rockhampton Bulletin and Central Queensland Advertiser. 25 August 1864. p. 4. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "The New Settlement At Rockingham Bay". The Empire. Sydney. 11 August 1864. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ Dalrymple, G.E. (1865). "On the New Settlement at Rockingham Bay". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 35: 191–212. JSTOR 3698090.
  18. ^ "JOURNAL OF AN EXPEDITION TO ROCKINGHAM BAY". Maryborough Chronicle, Wide Bay And Burnett Advertiser. Vol. IV, no. 179. Queensland, Australia. 21 April 1864. p. 1 (Maryborough Chronicle, SUPPLEMENT). Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  20. ^ "ROCKINGHAM BAY". Rockhampton Bulletin And Central Queensland Advertiser. No. 426. Queensland, Australia. 8 April 1865. p. 3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 26 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ^ Moresby, John (1876). New Guinea and Polynesia. Discoveries and Surveys. London: John Murray. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  22. ^ "CARDWELL". Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser. Vol. XI, no. 1517. 17 February 1872. p. 3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  23. ^ "THE BLACKS OF GOULD ISLAND". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XXVI, no. 4, 535. 12 April 1872. p. 3. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  24. ^ a b Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  25. ^ "Chapter 2 - Description of Port Hinchinbrook". Australian Parliament. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Chapter 1 - Overview". Australian Parliament. Archived from the original on 2 June 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  28. ^ "Cardwell decimated by Cyclone Yasi". The Cairns Post. 3 February 2011. Archived from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011.
  29. ^ (4 February 2011).Weary residents begin cyclone clean-up Archived 7 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine. ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved on 17 April 2012.
  30. ^ "Port Hinchinbrook court decision may be appealed again". ABC News. 22 May 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  31. ^ a b Fernbach, Nathalie; Hession, Pat Hoax won't dim Cardwell's Christmas lights Archived 8 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, ABC North Queensland, 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  32. ^ Wivell, Danaella Facebook post claims Christmas lights banned in Cairns this year Archived 25 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Cairns Post, 25 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  33. ^ Jacques, Owen Christmas lights banned for Muslims? Not in our town Archived 2 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Daily Mercury, 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  34. ^ Christmas lights banned in Cardwell? FALSE Archived 25 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine, snopes.com. Accessed 2 December 2017.
  35. ^ Christmas lights were NOT banned in Cardwell Archived 24 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Hoax Slayer website. Accessed 2 December 2017.
  36. ^ Christmas lights ban in Cardwell a hoax Archived 3 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Cassowary Coast Regional Council website. Accessed 2 December 2017.
  37. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Cardwell (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018. Edit this at Wikidata
  38. ^ "Stone Bridge, Dalrymple Gap Track (entry 600393)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  39. ^ "Cardwell Divisional Board Hall (former) and Honour Board (entry 601768)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  40. ^ "Cardwell Post Office – Residence (former) (entry 600392)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
  41. ^ ""CARAVAN TALES."". The Queenslander. 24 April 1930. p. 4. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2014 – via National Library of Australia.
  42. ^ Bolton, G. C. "Scott, Walter Jervoise (1835–1890)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre for Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 24 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
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  44. ^ "Cardwell State School". Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
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  52. ^ "Cardwell Community Health Centre". Queensland Health. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  53. ^ "Cemetery Areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
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  55. ^ "QF23 Cardwell". Australian Volunteer Coast Guard. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  56. ^ "Cardwell Coast Guard" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  57. ^ "Cardwell Library". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 19 December 2017. Archived from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  58. ^ a b "Building points - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
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  60. ^ "Cardwell Post Office" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  61. ^ "Tully Parish". Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  62. ^ "Our Lady Staar of the Sea Catholic Church" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  63. ^ "Building areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  64. ^ "Golf Club". Cardwell Country Club. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  65. ^ "Bowls Club". Cardwell Country Club. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  66. ^ "Marinas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  67. ^ a b c "Recreational Boating Facilities Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 12 November 2020. Archived from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Cardwell Post Office – Residence (former)". Australian Heritage Places Inventory. Archived from the original on 29 November 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  69. ^ "Museums". Cassowary Coast Regional Council. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  70. ^ "Tourist points - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  71. ^ "Forest Drive". Visit Hinchinbrook – Cardwell & Hinchinbrook Tours. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cardwell, Queensland.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Cardwell".
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