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Cyprus–United States relations

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Cyprus–United States relations
Map indicating locations of Cyprus and USA

Cyprus
United States
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Cyprus, Washington, D.C.Embassy of the United States, Nicosia

Relations between Cyprus and the United States can be described as excellent, both sharing membership in the United Nations, International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. Cyprus has been an observer to the Organization of American States.[1][2][3] Cypriots view the United States as their second most trusted ally after France with 62% considering the U.S. a desired ally.[4]

Embassy of Cyprus in Washington, D.C.
Embassy of the United States, Nicosia
United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice speaks with United States Marine Corps Brig. Gen. Carl Jensen in Larnaca, Cyprus
Marines extracting U.S. citizens from Beirut to RAF Akrotiri in Cyprus
U.S. Sailors assigned to the guided missile cruiser USS Vella Gulf (CG-72) participate in a beach beautification community relations project during a port visit in Limassol
US/CY Flag

Bilateral & Strategic Relationships

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Cypriot (Greek) and US Navy SEALs alongside members from respective government delegations on board a ship take photos after their joint exercises in Cyprus

Relations between the United States and Cyprus can be described as being excellent, yet historically complicated due to many factors.[5] Cyprus is seen as democratic state that can serve as a forward base for the United States. In numerous occasions military bases, ports and airports such as the Port of Limassol and the Larnaca International Airport respectively, have been used for humanitarian and support purposes by the US.[6] Cyprus has also given exclusive rights to a US oil extracting multinationals such as ExxonMobil to extract natural gas from its Exclusive Economic Zone.[7][8] U.S. imports from Cyprus agricultural products and minerals while business ties encompass several services.[2]

The US also works closely with Cyprus in order to advance shared priorities both bilaterally and in the context of strategic partnership with the European Union, which Cyprus is a member state.[9] The Bilateral partnership focuses in areas of common interest, such as peace, security, trade and investment, diversifying European energy sources, and protecting cultural heritage across the island.[10][11][12] The Cabinet of Israel approach of Cyprus over the recent years, and especially after the Gaza flotilla raid, has boosted Cyprus–Israel relations even further. The United States supports this approach with an Energy Triangle between Cyprus, Israel and Greece.[13][14]

In 2018, the United States and the Republic of Cyprus signed a Statement of Intent to also strengthen and develop their security relationship. The agreement encompasses efforts to combat terrorism, enhance maritime security and further promote regional stability in the Eastern Mediterranean.[13][15] The U.S. Embassy in Cyprus is located in Engomi area, within the capital city of Nicosia. The current U.S. Ambassador to Cyprus is Judith G. Garber. Cyprus maintains an embassy at Washington, D.C. and a consulate general in New York City. The United States Department of State retains detail information about Cyprus and US relations and operations.[16][17]

Wilbur Ross, former United States Secretary of Commerce, was a major shareholder and vice chairman of the board of Bank of Cyprus, after he invested €400 million in the bank in 2014. Prior to his appointment, Ross was a successful banker known for acquiring and restructuring companies and later selling them for a profit once operations have been improved. Ross is a hall of fame member and past director of the Turnaround management Association.[18][19]

In June 2024, after a meeting between the Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Cypriot Minister of Foreign Affairs Constantinos Kombos, the two sides agreed to open a "Strategic dialogue" with the first meeting to take place in Cyprus in September 2024.[20][21]

War on Terror

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The United States is also working closely with Cyprus in the War on Terrorism. A mutual legal assistance treaty, which has been in force since September 18, 2002, facilitates bilateral cooperation. Cyprus also signed a Proliferation Security Initiative with the United States on July 25, 2005, which reinforces bilateral counter-terrorism cooperation.[22][23]

Joint Energy Projects

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The US respects the rights of Cyprus to develop its resources in its EEZ and has repeated caution to Turkeys destabilizing Oil & Gas research within Cyprus EEZ.[24][25] The "US remains deeply concerned by Turkey's repeated attempts to conduct drilling operations in the waters off Cyprus... This provocative step raises tensions in the region. We urge Turkish authorities to halt these operations and encourage all parties to act with restraint and refrain from actions that increase tensions in the region" stated Morgan Ortagus of the United States Department of State in 2019.[26][27][28] Cyprus has called on Turkey to delineate the sea boundaries between the two countries.[29][30][31][32]

US position on Cyprus Dispute

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The United States and The Republic of Cyprus established official diplomatic relations in 1960, right after the British Cyprus's independence from the United Kingdom. Differences immediately arose between the majority Greek Cypriot (77.1%) and minority Turkish Cypriot (18.2%) communities during the implementation of the Constitution of Cyprus provided at the time. Subsequently, inter-communal violence led to the establishment of the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus in 1964. In 1974, a Coup d'état backed by the Greek military junta of 1967–1974 failed to provide Enosis (union) with Greece. Subsequently, a Turkish invasion of Cyprus has followed, that resulted in the capture of approximately 40% of the island and a de facto division of its people and land since 1974. Today, the Republic of Cyprus is the only official government of the island state, however, more than 1/3 of the north is administered by Turkish Cypriots, through the “Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus” proclaimed in 1983. The United States, does not recognize the “TRNC,” nor does any other country in the world except Turkey. About 30,000 Turkish Troops remain on the island while the "Green line" buffer zone is patrolled by UNFICYP.[33] The United States regards the status quo on the Cyprus dispute as "unacceptable" and fully supports the UN-led inter-communal negotiations as the rightful venue to achieve a fair settlement.[34] In December 2019, the US Congress lifted a decades-old arms embargo on Cyprus.[35] On 2 September 2020, United States decided to lift embargo on selling "non-lethal" military goods to Cyprus for one year starting from 1 October.[36] On October 1, 2022, the United States formally lifted the Defense Trade Restrictions, allowing Cyprus to acquire American weapons.[37]

US Bi-communal Support

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Since the 1970s, the US has channeled millions in assistance to both communities and sponsors programs to increase cooperation between the two communities. Following the Annan Plan, the U.S. devoted an additional funding to assist the economic development of the Turkish Cypriots, in order to reduce future settlement costs. In 2000, the US Embassy established a Bicommunal Support Program that is focused on professional development, education and leadership. The UNDP's Action for Cooperation and Trust program is also working with Cypriot organizations to help build relationships island-wide.[38] The focus is on multicultural education and youth empowerment, promoting civil engagement, support to environmental protection and the preservation and promotion of Cyprus's cultural heritage. The Cyprus Partnership for Economic Growth (CyPEG) was also designed to promote business interaction and trade between the communities.[39] Thousands of Cypriots have made friends with members of the “other” community as a result of these programs.[40]

US scholarships to Cypriots

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Due to the massive flow of Cypriot under-graduate and post graduate students Cyprus-America Scholarship Program (CASP) offers scholarships for Cypriot students wanting to pursue a bachelor's degree in the United States. The CASP competition is open for bachelor's degrees in all fields except Medicine and Dentistry. A Bachelor's Degree in the United States usually takes four years. The scholarship is for a maximum amount of $25,000 each year, for a maximum total of $100,000.

Embassies

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The Embassy of the United States is located in Nicosia, Cyprus. The Embassy of Cyprus is located in Washington, D.C.

In August 2023, during his recent visit to Cyprus, Robert Paschall, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the US Department of Homeland Security, highlighted that Cyprus was on the path to joining the Visa Waiver Program, pending certain requirements. Paschall emphasized the significance of bilateral information exchange and streamlined travel rules. Presently, citizens of Cyprus must meet US visa prerequisites for business and tourism purposes.[41]

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High Level Visits

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Guest Host Place of visit Date of visit
CyprusPresident Makarios III United StatesPresident John F. Kennedy United States June 5–7, 1962[42]
CyprusPresident Makarios III United StatesPresident Richard Nixon White House, Washington, D.C., United States October 24–25, 1970
CyprusPresident Spyros Kyprianou United StatesPresident Jimmy Carter New York City, USA October 5, 1977
CyprusPresident Spyros Kyprianou United StatesPresident Ronald Reagan United States December 4–9, 1981
CyprusPresident George Vassiliou United StatesPresident George H. W. Bush United States October 4, 1989
CyprusPresident George Vassiliou United StatesPresident George H. W. Bush United States May 29–30, 1991
CyprusPresident George Vassiliou United StatesPresident George H. W. Bush United States March 30, 1992
CyprusPresident Glafcos Clerides United StatesPresident Bill Clinton United States May 20–21, 1993
United StatesVice President Joe Biden CyprusPresident Nicos Anastasiades Cyprus May 21, 2014[43]
United StatesSecretary of State John Kerry CyprusPresident Nicos Anastasiades Cyprus December 4, 2015[44]
CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Nikos Christodoulides United StatesSecretary of State Mike Pompeo United States November 18, 2019[45]
United StatesSecretary of State Mike Pompeo CyprusPresident Nicos Anastasiades Presidential Palace, Cyprus September 12, 2020[46]
United StatesAssistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs R. Clarke Cooper CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Nikos Christodoulides Cyprus October 20, 2020[47]
United StatesActing Secretary of Homeland Security Chad Wolf CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Nikos Christodoulides Larnaca, Cyprus January 4, 2021[48]
CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Ioannis Kasoulidis United StatesSecretary of State Antony Blinken Washington D.C., USA February 1, 2022[49]
United StatesUnder Secretary of State for Political Affairs Victoria Nuland CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Ioannis Kasoulidis Cyprus April 6, 2022[50]
United StatesSenator Rick Scott CyprusMinister of Defense Michalis Giorgallas Limassol, Cyprus April 6–7, 2023[51]
United StatesSecretary of State Antony Blinken CyprusPresident Nikos Christodoulides Larnaca, Cyprus November 6, 2023[52]
CyprusMinister of Foreign Affairs Constantinos Kombos United StatesSecretary of State Antony Blinken Washington, D.C., United States June 17 2024 [53]
CyprusPresident Nikos Christodoulides United StatesPresident Joe Biden Washington D.C., United States October 30, 2024[54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Fulbright - Home". Archived from the original on 2013-01-12. Retrieved 2012-12-31.
  2. ^ a b U.S. State Department.: U.S. Relations With Cyprus
  3. ^ Atlantic Council: NATO Membership for Cyprus. Yes, Cyprus.
  4. ^ "Balkan Monitor 2021" (PDF). kaparesearch.com. November 2021. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
  5. ^ "Power Shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  6. ^ "Permanent Secretary of the Ministry Of Defence Paid a Visit to the USA". Archived from the original on 2022-09-21. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  7. ^ ExxonMobil Cyprus
  8. ^ Exxon's Cyprus gas discovery adds another giant to East Med collection
  9. ^ "The Eastern Mediterranean and the EU Parliamentary Election". 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  10. ^ "The Washington Institute: Turkey's Energy Confrontation with Cyprus". Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  11. ^ "Turkey-US relations: Quo vadis?". Daily Sabah. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  12. ^ "Greece, Cyprus and Israel in an era of geostrategic friendship and geoeconomic cooperation". 2015-01-09. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
  13. ^ a b "Joint Statement on the Ministerial Meeting of the U.S., Greece, Republic of Cyprus, and Israel Regarding Cooperation in the Field of Energy". Archived from the original on 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2019-08-23.
  14. ^ "Beyond Energy: The Significance of the Eastern Mediterranean Gas Forum". Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  15. ^ Can the East Med Pipeline Work?
  16. ^ "Russia warns Cyprus against allowing U.S. military to deploy there". Reuters. 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  17. ^ "Anastasiades: last-minute Russian ban in US' Cyprus bill 'unfortunate'". 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  18. ^ Higgins, Andrew (2017-03-06). "New Commerce Secretary Was No Friend to Russians at Cyprus Bank". The New York Times. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  19. ^ Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (2017-03-23). "Trump's commerce secretary oversaw Russia deal while at Bank of Cyprus". The Guardian. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  20. ^ ertnews.gr, Συντακτική ομάδα (2024-06-23). "ΥΠΕΞ Κύπρου: Σημείο αναφοράς, όπως η ένταξη στην ΕΕ, είναι ο Στρατηγικός Διάλογος με τις ΗΠΑ". ertnews.gr (in Greek). Retrieved 2024-06-24.
  21. ^ "US, Cyprus embark on strategic dialogue that officials say demonstrates closest-ever ties". AP News. 2024-06-17. Retrieved 2024-06-24.
  22. ^ "New Strategic Dimensions of the Eastern Mediterranean". 2018-06-11. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  23. ^ Inbar, Efraim; Sandler, Shmuel (March 2001). "The Importance of Cyprus". Middle East Quarterly. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  24. ^ "The Race for Natural Gas: Will the Eastern Mediterranean Become a World Center for the Natural Gas?". Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  25. ^ "US Worry Grows Over Turkey's Drilling Plan Off Cyprus". 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  26. ^ "U.S. Embassy in Cyprus: Statement on Turkish Drilling in Cypriot Claimed Waters". 2019-07-10. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  27. ^ "US cautions Turkey over Cyprus". Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  28. ^ "U.S. tightens links with Cyprus, warns Turkey over EEZ infractions". Archived from the original on 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  29. ^ "U.S. Embassy in Cyprus: Ambassador Garber's Interview with Thanasis Athanasiou, published in Alithia". 2019-07-29. Archived from the original on 2019-08-23. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  30. ^ "Cyprus gas discoveries spark US-Russian gamesmanship". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  31. ^ "Turkey's Big Energy Grab". 25 July 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  32. ^ "EU draws up measures against Turkey over Cyprus drilling". 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2019-08-22.
  33. ^ "In blow to Turkey, US Congress ends decades-old arms embargo on Cyprus". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
  34. ^ "U.S. Relations With Cyprus". Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  35. ^ "US Congress ends Cyprus arms embargo, in blow to Turkey". Channel News Asia. 18 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 December 2019. Retrieved 27 December 2019.
  36. ^ "US partially lifts three-decade-old arms embargo on Cyprus". France 24. 2 September 2020.
  37. ^ Jakes, Lara (11 October 2022). "The Hunt to Arm Ukraine Leads to Difficult Choices". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "Action for Cooperation and Trust: Cyprus". Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  39. ^ "U.S. Agency for International Development: Cyprus". 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  40. ^ "U.S. Embassy in Cyprus: Policy & History". Retrieved 2019-06-10.
  41. ^ "Cyprus Still Needs to Meet Certain Requirements Before Joining Visa Waiver Program, US Official Says". Schengenvisa. 2023-08-09. Retrieved 2023-08-15.
  42. ^ "Cyprus - Visits by Foreign Leaders - Department History - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  43. ^ "U.S. VP Biden visits divided Cyprus, urges a peace deal". Reuters. 2014-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  44. ^ Pappas, Gregory (2015-12-04). "Secretary of State John Kerry in Cyprus". The Pappas Post. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  45. ^ Secretary Pompeo meets with Cypriot Foreign Minister Nikos Christodoulides, retrieved 2023-05-14
  46. ^ "The President of the Republic received the US Secretary of State". www.presidency.gov.cy. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  47. ^ "ASSISTANT SECRETARY COOPER'S TRAVEL TO CYPRUS". 20 October 2020.
  48. ^ "Acting Secretary Wolf Participates in Ceremonial Groundbreaking of CYCLOPS in Cyprus | Homeland Security". www.dhs.gov. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  49. ^ "SECRETARY BLINKEN'S MEETING WITH REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS FOREIGN MINISTER KASOULIDES".
  50. ^ "Nuland's visit indicates US interest in the Cyprus problem, says Foreign Minister". knews.com.cy. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  51. ^ "PHOTO RELEASE Sen. Rick Scott Visits Troops Deployed to the Sixth Fleet, Meets with Allies & Partners in the Mediterranean". U.S. Senator Rick Scott. 2023-04-07. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  52. ^ "Blinken Makes Brief Stop in Cyprus". WSJ. Retrieved 2023-11-06.
  53. ^ "Secretary Antony J. Blinken and Republic of Cyprus Foreign Minister Constantinos Kombos Before Their Meeting". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2024-06-18.
  54. ^ House, The White (2024-10-29). "Statement from Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre on the Visit of President Nikos Christodoulides of the Republic of Cyprus". The White House. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

Further reading

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  • Bahcheli, Tozun, Theodore A. Couloumbis, and Patricia Carley. Greek-Turkish relations and US foreign policy: Cyprus, the Aegean, and regional stability (US Institute of Peace, 1997) online.
  • Miller, Olivia. "Cypriot Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 607–617. online
  • Stearns, Monteagle. Entangled allies: US policy toward Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus (Council on Foreign relations, 1992). online
  • Solsten, Eric. Cyprus: A Country Study (U.S. Library of Congress, 1993). online
  • Streissguth, Tom. Cyprus: Divided Island. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Lerner Publications, 1998.
  • Uslu, Nasuh. The Turkish-American Relationship Between 1947 and 2003: The History of a Distinctive Relationship (Nova, 2006).
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