Boliviana negra
Boliviana negra, also known as supercoca or la millionaria, is a form of coca (Erythroxylum coca) that is purportedly resistant to the herbicide glyphosate. The coca plant is the source of the potentially addictive stimulant cocaine, a prescription drug[1] and one of the most widely consumed illegal drugs in the world and the source of large amounts of money to various criminal organizations[clarification needed]. Glyphosate is a key ingredient in the multibillion-dollar aerial coca eradication campaign undertaken by the government of Colombia with U.S. financial and military backing known as Plan Colombia.
Herbicide resistance
[edit]The herbicide resistance of this strain has at least two possible explanations: that a “peer-to-peer” network of coca farmers used selective breeding to enhance this trait through tireless effort, or the plant was genetically modified in a laboratory. In 1996, a patented Roundup Ready or glyphosate-resistant soybean was marketed by Monsanto Company, suggesting that it would be possible to genetically modify coca in an analogous manner. Spraying Boliviana Negra with glyphosate would serve to strengthen its growth by eliminating the non-resistant weeds surrounding it. Joshua Davis, in Wired, found no evidence of CP4 EPSPS, a protein produced by the Roundup Ready soybean,[2] suggesting Bolivana Negra was not created in a laboratory but by selective breeding in the fields.[3]
A fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum, has been suggested as a possible successor to glyphosate, both similarly are hazards to humans and other plant species.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Cocaine hydrochloride Topical Advanced Patient Information". drugs.com/. Drugs.com. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
- ^ Davis, Joshua (November 1, 2004). "The Mystery of the Coca Plant That Wouldn't Die". Wired.
- ^ Evolutionary History: Uniting History and Biology to Understand Life on Earth, Edmund Russell. Cambridge University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0-521-74509-3. Retrieved 2011-03-12.