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Foreign relations of Burkina Faso

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Politics of Burkina Faso
Constitution (suspended)
Government
Parliament
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations

Burkina Faso has good relations with the European Union,[1] African[2] and certain Asian countries.

According to the U.S. State Department, "U.S. relations with Burkina Faso are good but subject to strains in the past because of the Compaoré government's past involvement in arms trading and other sanctions-breaking activity."[3] Burkina Faso cut diplomatic ties with Taiwan in May 2018 (being the most populous state to do so in the 21st century) and the foreign ministry of China stated it approved of its decision.[4][5]

Burkina Faso's relations with its West African neighbors have improved in recent years.[6] Relations with Ghana, in particular, have warmed.[7] President Compaoré had mediated a political crisis in Togo and helped to resolve the Tuareg conflict in Niger.[8] Burkina maintains cordial relations with Libya, but recalled its in ambassador in 2017 over issues of treatment of migrants trying to reach Europe, and the reemergence of the slave trade there.[9] A territorial dispute with Mali was mediated by Ghana and Nigeria, which has led to lessening of tensions between the two nations.[10]

Nineteen provinces of Burkina Faso are joined with contiguous areas of Mali and Niger under the Liptako–Gourma Authority, a regional economic organization.[11] As of 7/6/24, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger have turned away from the West African bloc ECOWAS to pursue their own confederation of junta states, which they claim is to create a "community of sovereign peoples far from the control of foreign powers. A community of peace, solidarity, prosperity based on our African values."[12]

Burkina Faso is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a bilateral immunity agreement of protection for the United States-military (as covered under Article 98).[13]

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Burkina Faso maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  France 4 August 1960[14]
2  Germany 4 August 1960[15]
3  United Kingdom 6 October 1960[16]
4  United States 5 August 1960[17]
5  Japan 1960[18]
6  Mali 18 March 1961[19]
7  Ghana 12 June 1961[20]
8  Israel 5 July 1961[21]
9  Egypt 23 September 1961[22][23]
10  Belgium 17 October 1961[24]
11   Switzerland 17 October 1961[24]
12  Netherlands 14 December 1961[25]
13  Liberia 1961[26]
14  Sierra Leone 1961[27]
15  India 23 March 1962[28]
16  South Korea 20 April 1962[29]
17  Canada 27 April 1962[30]
18  Italy 16 June 1962[31]
19  Lebanon 1962[32]
20  Luxembourg 29 January 1963[33]
21  Guinea 1963[34][35]
22  Spain 27 November 1964[36]
23  Sudan 1964[37]
24  Tunisia 1964[38]
25  Morocco 21 October 1965[39]
26  Gabon 11 November 1965[40]
27  Peru March 1966[41]
28  Ivory Coast 30 December 1966[42]
29  Algeria 10 January 1967[43]
30  Russia 18 February 1967[44]
31  Ethiopia 11 April 1968[45]
32  Romania 13 April 1968[46]
33  Bulgaria 29 May 1968[47]
34  Czech Republic 3 June 1968[48]
35  Hungary 8 June 1968[49]
36  Poland 15 June 1968[50]
37  Serbia 8 July 1968[51]
38  Sweden 1969[52][53]
39  Austria 1970[54]
40  Nigeria 19 February 1970[55]
41  Turkey 6 April 1970[56]
42  Senegal 27 December 1971[57]
43  Denmark 1971[58][59]
44  North Korea 11 October 1972[60]
—  Holy See 14 June 1973[61]
45  China 15 September 1973[62]
46  Vietnam 16 November 1973[63]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1973[64]
47  Bangladesh 10 July 1974[65]
48  Kuwait 17 August 1975[66]
49  Jamaica 20 September 1975[67]
50  Argentina 26 September 1975[68]
51  Brazil 8 October 1975[69]
52  Rwanda 26 November 1975[70]
53  Cuba 11 December 1975[71]
54  Uganda 26 May 1976[72]
55  Mexico 30 June 1976[73]
56  Albania 15 January 1977[74]
57  United Arab Emirates 16 January 1978[75]
58  Portugal 7 July 1978[76]
59  Greece 1978[77]
60  Finland 15 February 1980[78]
61  Norway 3 March 1980[79]
62  Saudi Arabia 25 March 1980[80]
63  Libya 12 January 1981[81]
64  Niger 30 June 1981[82]
65  Guinea-Bissau 18 August 1981[83]
66  Togo 18 August 1981[84]
67  Oman 5 October 1981[85]
68  Iraq 16 August 1982[86]
69  Nicaragua 30 November 1983[87]
70  Iran 1 November 1984[88]
71  Thailand 12 July 1985[89]
72  Mongolia 25 October 1985[90]
73  Guyana 23 September 1987[91]
74  Colombia 27 September 1988[92]
75  Qatar 23 October 1988[93]
76  Bahrain 25 February 1989[94]
77  Brunei 21 January 1992[95]
78  Ukraine 6 February 1992[96]
79  Indonesia 8 August 1992[97]
80  Chile 29 September 1992[98]
81  Armenia 16 November 1992[99]
82  Belarus 25 November 1992[100]
83  Moldova 11 December 1992[101]
84  Singapore 1 May 1993[102]
85  Equatorial Guinea 1993[103]
86  Honduras 30 September 1994[104]
87  Malaysia 4 January 1995[105]
88  Slovenia 28 March 1995[106]
89  South Africa 11 May 1994[107]
90  Croatia 18 May 1995[108]
91  Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 May 1995[109]
92  Slovakia 1 August 1997[110]
93  Lithuania 23 September 1998[111]
94  Cyprus 13 June 2001[112]
95  Costa Rica 22 June 2001[113]
96  Iceland 23 October 2001[114]
97  Philippines 10 October 2002[115]
98  Madagascar 14 October 2002[116]
99  Angola 16 January 2003[117]
100  Mauritius 14 March 2003[118]
101  Kenya 25 March 2003[119]
102  Venezuela 2 September 2003[120]
103  Azerbaijan 28 May 2004[121]
104  North Macedonia 27 November 2004[122]
105  Andorra 18 May 2005[123]
106  Estonia 28 March 2006[124]
107  Guatemala 21 July 2006[125]
108  Botswana 12 January 2007[126]
109  Haiti 25 January 2007[127]
110  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 20 February 2007[128]
111  Ireland 1 May 2007[129]
112  Laos 1 August 2007[130]
113  Uruguay 28 August 2007[131]
114  Dominican Republic 28 September 2007[132]
115  Malta 8 February 2008[133]
116  Australia 13 November 2008[134]
117  Jordan 14 June 2009[135]
118  Paraguay 18 May 2010[136]
119  Cambodia 2 July 2010[137]
120  Kazakhstan 10 February 2011[138]
121  Latvia 6 April 2011[139]
122  Zambia 15 July 2011[140]
123  Panama 29 July 2011[141]
124  Montenegro 20 December 2011[142]
125  Maldives 29 December 2011[143]
126  Malawi 2011[144]
127  Tajikistan 12 January 2012[145]
128  Ecuador 8 February 2012[146]
129  Georgia 2 October 2012[147]
130  Sri Lanka 16 November 2012[148]
—  Kosovo 6 December 2012[149]
131  Tuvalu 15 February 2013[150]
132  Fiji 22 November 2013[151]
133  Djibouti 16 December 2013[152]
134  Namibia 23 July 2014[153]
135  Monaco 19 September 2014[154]
136  Mozambique 16 September 2015[155]
137  Turkmenistan 12 March 2016[156]
138  Lesotho 14 April 2016[157]
139  New Zealand 19 April 2017[158]
140  Seychelles 16 May 2017[159]
141    Nepal 29 December 2017[160]
142  São Tomé and Príncipe 19 February 2019[161]
143  Burundi 28 October 2019[162]
144  Tanzania 25 August 2021[163]
145  Saint Kitts and Nevis 10 October 2021[164]
146  Marshall Islands 26 September 2024[165]
147  Benin Unknown
148  Cameroon Unknown
149  Cape Verde Unknown
150  Chad Unknown
151  Comoros Unknown[166]
152  Eswatini Unknown
153  Gambia Unknown[167]
154  Mauritania Unknown
155  Pakistan Unknown
—  State of Palestine Unknown
156  Yemen Unknown
157  Zimbabwe Unknown[168]

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Austria 1970
  • Austria is represented in Burkina Faso by its embassy in Dakar, Senegal[169]
  • Diplomatic relations were established in 1960.[170]
 Benin

In September 2007, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intervened to attempt to resolve the dispute over two villages along the Benin–Burkina Faso border that remain from a 2005 ICJ decision.

 China 15 September 1973 See Burkina Faso–China relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 15 September 1973.[62] On February 2, 1994, Burkina Faso signed a communique to resume diplomatic relations with Taiwan. On February 4, the Chinese government announced the suspension of diplomatic relations with Burkina Faso. A communique on the re-establishment of diplomatic relations was signed on 26 May 2018.[citation needed]

 Cyprus 13 June 2001 See Burkina Faso–Cyprus relations
 Denmark 1971 See Burkina Faso–Denmark relations
 Ethiopia 11 April 1968 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 April 1968 when the first Ethiopian ambassador to Upper Volta, Ato Haile Mechecha, has presented his credentials to President Lamizana[45]
 France 4 August 1960 See Burkina Faso–France relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 4 August 1960.[14]

Present day Burkina Faso was formerly part of a French colony called French Upper Volta. France has special forces stationed in Burkina Faso.[171]

In January 2023, Burkina Faso's military junta asked France to recall its ambassador amid a surge of anti-French sentiment as the country moved to develop closer ties to Russia[171]

 Gabon 11 November 1965 Diplomatic relations were established on 11 November 1965.[40]

On 29 December 1969 first Ambassador of Gabon to Upper Volta Mr. Marcel Sandoungout has presented his letters of credence.[174]

 Ghana 12 June 1961 See Burkina Faso–Ghana relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 12 June 1961[20]

With the coming to power of Thomas Sankara in Burkina Faso in 1983, relations between Ghana and Burkina became both warm and close. Indeed, Rawlings and Sankara began discussions about uniting Ghana and Burkina in the manner of the defunct Ghana-Guinea-Mali Union, which Nkrumah had sought unsuccessfully to promote as a foundation for his dream of unified continental government. Political and economic ties between Ghana and Burkina, a poorer country, were strengthened through joint commissions of cooperation and through border demarcation committee meetings. Frequent high-level consultations and joint military exercises, meant to discourage potential dissidents and to protect young "revolutions" in each country, were fairly regular features of Ghana-Burkina relations.[175]

 Greece 1978 See Burkina Faso–Greece relations
 Iceland 23 October 2001

Burkina Faso is represented in Iceland by its embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark.[176]

 India 23 March 1962 See Burkina Faso–India relations

Both countries established diplomatiuc relations on 23 March 1962[28]

India and Burkina Faso enjoy warm relations.

 Iran 1 November 1984 Diplomatic relations were established on 1 November 1984[88]

See Burkina Faso–Iran relations

 Israel 5 July 1961

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1961.[21]

Although Burkina Faso operates a consulate in Tel Aviv, Israel has no diplomatic nor consular presence in Burkina Faso.[177] The Israeli ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire Dr. Eliyahu Ben-Tura is accredited as the non-resident Ambassador to Burkina Faso (as well as Benin and Togo).[178]

 Italy 16 June 1962 Diplomatic relations were established on 16 June 1962 when Mr. Renzo Luigi Romanelli, the first Italian Ambassador to Upper Volta, has presented his letters of credence to President Maurice Yameogo.[31]
 Ivory Coast 30 December 1966

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 December 1966[42]

When Thomas Sankara came to power in 1983 relations between Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast became hostile as Félix Houphouët-Boigny was threatened by Sankara's revolutionary regime. That was one of the main reasons why Blaise Compaore launched his coup in 1987 killing Sankara and making himself president. Under Blaise Compaore Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso reestablished good relations and both countries supported Charles Taylor's NPFL in their overthrow of Samuel Doe. They remain allies and are active trading partners.

 Kosovo 6 December 2012

Burkina Faso recognised the Republic of Kosovo on April 24, 2008.[181] Burkina Faso and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on 6 December 2012.[149]

 Libya 12 January 1981 See Burkina Faso–Libya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1981.[81]

 Mexico 30 June 1976 Diplomatic relations were established on 30 June 1976[73]
  • Burkina Faso is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[182]
  • Mexico is accredited to Burkina Faso from its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.[183]
   Nepal 29 December 2017
 Netherlands 14 December 1961 Diplomatic relations were established on 14 December 1961[25]
 Nigeria 19 February 1970 Diplomatic relations were established on 19 February 1970 when Ambassador of Upper Volta to Nigeria (resident in Accra) Mr. Victor Kabore, presented his credentials.[55]
 North Korea 11 October 1972 See Burkina Faso–North Korea relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 11 October 1972[60]

 Portugal 7 July 1978 Diplomatic relations were established on 7 July 1978 when Ambassador of Upper Volta M. Victor Kabore, has presented his credentials to President of Portugal Ramalho Eanes.[76]
 Russia 18 February 1967 See Burkina Faso–Russia relations

Diplomatic relations between Burkina Faso and the Soviet Union were established for the first time on February 18, 1967.[44] After the breakup of the Soviet Union, Burkina Faso recognized Russia as the USSR's successor. However financial reasons has shut the embassies between the two nations. In 1992, the embassy of the Russian Federation in Ouagadougou was closed, and in 1996, the embassy of Burkina Faso in Moscow was closed. Burkina Faso has since re-opened its embassy in Moscow.[186]

 Rwanda 26 November 1975 Diplomatic relations were established on 26 November 1975 when Rwanda's first Ambassador to Upper Volta (resident in Kinshasa), M. Canisius Mudenge, has presented his credentials to President Lamizana.[70]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 10 October 2021 Diplomatic relations were established on 10 October 2021[164]
 South Africa 11 May 1994
  • Diplomatic relations were established on 11 May 1994[107]
  • Both countries are full members of the African Union.
 Spain 27 November 1964 See Burkina Faso–Spain relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 27 November 1964[36]

 Sweden 1969 See Burkina Faso–Sweden relations

Diplomatic relations were established in 1969[52][53]

Sweden is a major contributor of developmental aid to Burkina Faso. The Burkina Faso–Sweden Friendship Association was formed in 1986 to promote exchange between the two countries.

 Turkey 6 April 1970 See also Burkina Faso–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 6 April 1970[56]

 Uganda 26 May 1976 Diplomatic relations were established on 26 May 1976 when Uganda's Ambassador to Upper Volta, Lieut.-Col. Mahamudu Omua Azia, presented his credentials to General Lamizana.[72]
 United Kingdom 6 October 1960 See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Burkina Faso established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 6 October 1960, then known as Upper Volta.[16]

  • Burkina Faso does not maintain an embassy in the United Kingdom.
  • The United Kingdom is not accredited to Burkina Faso through an embassy; the UK develops relations through its high commission in Accra, Ghana.[189]

Both countries share common membership of the World Trade Organization.

 United States 5 August 1960 See Burkina Faso–United States relations

Diplomatic relations were established on 5 August 1960[17]

Relations are good but subject to strains in the past because of the Compaoré government's past involvement in arms trading and other sanctions-breaking activity. In addition to regional peace and stability, U.S. interests in Burkina are to promote continued democratization and greater respect for human rights and to encourage sustainable economic development. Although the Agency for International Development (USAID) closed its office in Ouagadougou in 1995, about $18 million annually of USAID funding goes to Burkina's development through non-governmental and regional organizations. The largest is a Food for Peace school lunch program administered by Catholic Relief Services. Burkina has been the site of several development success stories. U.S. leadership in building food security in the Sahel after the 1968–74 drought has been successful in virtually eliminating famine, despite recurrent drought years. River blindness has been eliminated from the region. In both cases, the U.S. was the main donor to inter-African organizations headquartered in Ouagadougou which through sustained efforts have achieved and consolidated these gains. In 2005, Burkina Faso and the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) signed a $12 million Threshold Country Program to build schools and increase girls' enrollment rates. In November 2005, the Millennium Challenge Corporation selected Burkina Faso as eligible to submit a proposal for Millennium Challenge Account assistance for fiscal year 2006, making it one of only two countries eligible for threshold as well as compact funding. The Government of Burkina Faso is working closely with MCC staff to finalize its compact submission.

 Vietnam 16 November 1973

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Global Security Article on Burkina Faso's Foreign relations".
  3. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.
  4. ^ Our Foreign Staff (May 24, 2018). "Burkina Faso cuts diplomatic ties with Taiwan after intense pressure from China". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  5. ^ "Taiwan 'won't tolerate Beijing's actions' after it loses another ally". South China Morning Post. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
  6. ^ "Stratfor article titled "More Drives Ivory Coast and Burkina Faso Together Than Apart"".
  7. ^ Owusu, Maxwell. "Burkina". A Country Study: Ghana (La Verle Berry, editor). pp. 237
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  13. ^ Kelley, Judith (2007). "Who Keeps International Commitments and Why? The International Criminal Court and Bilateral Nonsurrender Agreements". The American Political Science Review. 101 (3): 573–589. doi:10.1017/S0003055407070426. ISSN 0003-0554. JSTOR 27644467. S2CID 145263090.
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  17. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)". history.state.gov. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
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  19. ^ Europe, France outremer Issues 382-392 (in French). 1961. p. 64. HAUTE - VOLTA . M. Ahmed Diallo , délégué permanent du Mali en Haute - Volta , a présenté ses lettres de créance au président Yameogo (18 mars)
  20. ^ a b W. Scott Thompson (1969). Ghana's foreign policy, 1957-1966; diplomacy, ideology, and the new state. Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press. p. 447.
  21. ^ a b Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 Volume 2. Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center. p. 335. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
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  25. ^ a b Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 69-72 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1961. p. 97.
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  35. ^ Mauritanie les première exportations de minerai de fer (in French). 1963. p. 53. M. Alioune Drame, ambassadeur de Guinée en Haute Volta, avec résidence à Abidjan, a présenté ses lettres de créance au Président Yameogo.
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  41. ^ El Perú construye mensaje presentado al Congreso Nacional por el ... Presidente Constitucional de la República (in Spanish). Peru. President. 1966. p. 55. Nuevas relaciones Diplomaticas.- De conformidad con el propósito de ampliar nuestra acción diplomática en el mundo, hemos establecido relaciones con otros dos Estados africanos, el Niger y el Alto Volta (noviembre de 1965 y marzo de 1966)
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  51. ^ Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts Issues 131-135. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1968. Retrieved May 7, 2023.
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  55. ^ a b Bulletin de l'Afrique noire - Issues 581-605 (in French). Ediafric. 1970.
  56. ^ a b Middle East Economic Digest - Volume 14. 1970. p. 479.
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  58. ^ Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Stats Kalender 1971 (PDF) (in Danish). UNIVERSITETS-BOGTRYKKERI KØBENHAVN. 1971. p. 302.
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  64. ^ de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. pp. 302–309.
  65. ^ Le Courrier consulaire de la Haute-Volta - Volumes 73-77 (in French). Chambre de commerce, d'agriculture et d'industrie de Haute-Volta. 1974.
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