Feminism in Bangladesh
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Feminism in Bangladesh seeks equal rights of women in Bangladesh through social and political change. Article 28 of Bangladesh constitution states that "Women shall have equal rights with men in all spheres of the State and of public life".[1]
History
[edit]Feminist movements in Bangladesh started long before its independence. During the 19th century the social reform movement, mostly carried out by male social leaders, worked to abolish practices such as infanticide, child marriage, and widow burning. Women activists in Bangladesh organized to claim their rights during the British and Pakistan period of Bangladesh. They mobilized to fight regarding issues including violence against women, economic opportunities for women, equal representation in politics for women, reproductive rights, reforming family law, and gender equality in public policies. During the Pakistan period the feminist movement was more focused on politics and national struggles.[2] The feminist movement of the 1970s and 1980s was led by professional women from urban areas.
Issues
[edit]Muslim Family Law
[edit]The Muslim Family Law was enacted by the British Indian government. Which is discriminatory against women's rights law.[1]
Bangladeshi feminists
[edit]- Begum Rokeya was a notable feminist, educator, and activist.[3]
- Kamini Roy was the first woman honors graduate in British India.[4]
- Nawab Faizunnesa was the first woman Nawab of South Asia, she is known for her campaign for female education and other social issues related to women[5][6][7][8]
- Mohammad Nasiruddin, Bangladeshi journalist, women's rights activist, and publisher of Begum[9][10]
- Fazilatunnesa, Bangladeshi mathematician, Principal of Eden Mohila College, and first female post-graduate of Muslim Bengal.[11][12]
- Nurjahan Begum, pioneer female journalist and editor of Begum, the first women's magazine in Bangladesh.[13]
- Nurun Nahar Faizannesa was a leader of the feminist movement in Bangladesh-[14]
- Mahmuda Khatun Siddiqua, Bangladeshi poet, essayist, and a pioneering women's liberation activist.
- Sultana Kamal is a Bangladeshi lawyer and human rights activist. She serves as the executive director of Ain o Salish Kendra, a civil rights organization.
- Sufia Kamal, Bangladeshi poet, feminist leader, and social activist.
- Taslima Nasrin is a feminist who is known for her criticism of religion.[15]
- Syeda Razia Faiz was the first female elected member of parliament in Bangladesh.[16]
- Hasna Begum is a contemporary Bangladeshi philosopher of feminism and held the prestigious Rokeya Chair by the University Grants Commission (UGC).
- Rokeya Rahman Kabeer was a woman emancipation activist.[11]
- Masuda Khatun was a pioneering feminist who was given the nickname Agni Nagini (Fire Serpent) by Kazi Nazrul Islam.[17]
- Wasfia Nazreen is the first Bangladeshi, and Bengali person of any gender, to climb all the Seven Summits.
- Shaheda Mustafiz is the first female programmer of Bangladesh.[18][19]
- Ayesha Khanam, Bangladeshi feminist leader and freedom fighter.[2][8]
- Rounaq Jahan, Bangladeshi political scientist, feminist leader, and author.
- Angela Gomes, social worker and founder of Banchte Shekha (Learn How To Survive)[20]
- Husne Ara Kamal, Bangladeshi academician and social worker.
- Shireen Huque, cofounder of Naripokkho and anti-violence crusader.[21][22]
- Rahnuma Ahmed, anthropologist, activist, and author[23][24]
- Nazma Akter, Bangladeshi trade unionist and founder of the Awaj Foundation.[25]
- Joya Sikder, transgender activist and founder of Somporker Noya Setu (SNS)[26][27]
- Tasaffy Hossain, founder of the feminist organization Bonhishikha, that first staged The Vagina Monologues in Bangladesh.[28]
- Trishia Nashtaran, founder of the feminist grassroots organization Meye Network.[29][30]
Organizations
[edit]- Begum magazine, founded in 1947
- Bangladesh Mahila Samiti (formerly Dhaka branch of All Pakistan Women's Association), opened in 1949
- Dhaka Ladies Club, opened in 1951
- Bangladesh Mahila Parishad, formed in 1970
- Banchte Shekha, established in 1976[20]
- Naripokkho, formed in 1973[31][32]
- Bangladesh National Woman Lawyers' Association, formed in 1979.
- Hill Women's Federation(HWF)formed in 1988[27]
- Acid Survivors Foundation, founded in 1999
- Awaj Foundation, founded in 2003[27]
- Bonhishikha, formed in 2010.
- Somporker Noya Setu (SNS), formed in 2010[27]
- Bangladesh Feminist Archives (BFA), formed in 2024.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Anam, Tahmima (5 March 2014). "Bangladesh's Home Truth". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ a b "The Women's Movement in Bangladesh". Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ Akhter, Shahida (2012). "Hossain, Roquiah Sakhawat". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.Administrator. "Roquia Sakhawat Hussain (Begun Rokeya)". Londoni. Archived from the original on 26 November 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), 1976/1998, Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, (in Bengali), p83, ISBN 81-85626-65-0
- ^ Saydul Karim. "Nawab Faizunnessa Chowdhurani History". Nawab Faizunnessa Government College. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ "Famous Bengali: Nawab Faizunnesa Chowdhurani ... | Bangladesh". Mybangladesh.tumblr.com. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
- ^ বাংলা সাহিত্যে মুসলমান নারী. Daily Sangram (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ a b নারী মহীয়সী. Jaijaidin (in Bengali). Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ "Nasiruddin, Mohammad". Banglapedia. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ de Haan, Francisca; Purvis, June; Allen, Margaret (2013). Women's Activism: Global Perspectives from the 1890s to the Present. Routledge.
- ^ a b "Kabeer, Rokeya Rahman". Banglapedia. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ "Fazilatunnessa, Begum". Banglapedia. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Rahman, Bablu. "Pioneer of Women's Rights and Literacy Passes Away" (PDF).
- ^ "Faizannesa, Nurun Nahar". Banglapedia. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ Ghosh, Subhajyoti. "Why Taslima Nasreen wants to return to Bangladesh". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
- ^ "Obituary". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ^ "Khatun, Masuda". Banglapedia. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
- ^ তিনি দেশের প্রথম নারী প্রোগ্রামার. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 10 March 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ প্রোগ্রামিং-এ 'প্রথমা' শাহেদা মুস্তাফিজ. Ananya (in Bengali). 17 July 2019. Archived from the original on 28 October 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ a b "Dr. Angela Gomes". The Daily Star. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "I am Generation Equality: Shireen Huq, anti-violence crusader". UN Women – Headquarters. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Shireen Huq". interview-her.com. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Eminent anthropologist, leftist leader detained briefly from protest, released later". Dhaka Tribune. 3 July 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "'Belong: A Conference and Exhibition on Feminism' held at DrikPath Bhaban". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Bangladesh factory owner charged with murder after 52 die in fire". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Jahan, Dil Afrose (10 March 2022). "'Victimised twice'". The Daily Star. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d Tasneem, Saadia A.; Mrittika, Aahir; Zillur, Umama; Zillur, Zahra (6 April 2020). "The Women's Movement in Bangladesh Throughout the Years". The Daily Star. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Bonhishikha-unlearn gender: A creative platform to challenge gender stereotypes". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "I aim to create gender-focused knowledge and services through storytelling and design thinking here". Dhaka Tribune. 8 March 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ গণমাধ্যমে "রাতের রাণী" ব্যবহারের বিরুদ্ধে সামাজিক মাধ্যমে প্রতিবাদ. VOA (in Bengali). Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ "Naripokkho, Non-Governmental Organization". evaw-global-database.unwomen.org. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Bangladesh: Information on a women's development group called Nari Pakkho in Dhaka, including when it was formed, what its activities include, whether it has well-known patrons, and whether its members have had problems with authorities". Refworld. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
