FitzJohn
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (September 2024) |
 | |
| Industry | Bus & coach manufacturer |
|---|---|
| Founded | Muskegon, Michigan, U.S. (October 8, 1919) |
| Founder | Harry Alphonse FitzJohn |
| Defunct | May 1958 |
| Fate | Dissolved |
Area served | North America |
| Products | Duraliner, Cityliner, Falcon |
| Subsidiaries | FitzJohn Coach of Canada Ltd. |
FitzJohn was an American bus manufacturer in Muskegon, Michigan. The company was founded October 8, 1919, by Harry Alphonse FitzJohn, and built over 5,000 bus bodies, complete buses, stretchout sedans and passenger-carrying trailers before closing down in May 1958.[1]
| Corporate names | |
|---|---|
| FitzJohn-Erwin Manufacturing Company | 1919–1933 |
| FitzJohn Manufacturing Company | 1933–1935 |
| FitzJohn Body Company | 1935–1937 |
| FitzJohn Coach Company | 1937–1958 |
| FitzJohn Coach of Canada Ltd. | 1949–1959 |
History
[edit]
The FitzJohn company was formed in 1919 to build truck and bus bodies. The former were mostly for Ford chassis, while the latter were for REOs. Originally sold under the Fitz-Er marque, the buses were soon badged as FitzJohn. FitzJohn's best selling point was the low price relative to its quality, which led to enough success that a new plant was purchased in 1924, five times larger than the original. Sales continued to increase, doubling from 1924 to 1925, and in the late 1920s FitzJohn was delivering almost 300 bodies a year. At that time FitzJohn models had a simple letter designation, although some had rather basic names, too. However, since so many options (such as rooftop luggage racks or polished aluminum bright-work) were offered, many of the variations were also given Indian names by the company's sales & marketing department.
From 1 January 1929, FitzJohn began selling directly to consumers, rather than exclusively through chassis manufacturers and dealers. This change, however, did not prevent a 40% decline in sales due to the Depression, and on 8 June 1931, the company went into receivership. Its founder (H.A. FitzJohn) was forced out, and went into partnership with Paul O. Dittmar to produce the 12- to 15-passenger Dittmar-FitzJohn Autocoach (similar to the model D, but with a lowered aisle along the right side). H.A. FitzJohn later became the first manager of the General American Aerocoach Company.
In 1934, FitzJohn introduced its 11-passenger stretchout model 100. It was based on the Chevrolet Master Sedan which was split in the middle, had an extra body section inserted and a baggage rack added to the roof. The 100 was an immediate success, primarily as an economical "mini-coach" for feeder routes, although some were used for airport transfers or sightseeing services. During World War II, when many other bus manufacturers suspended production in favour of war materiel, the War Production Board directed FitzJohn to build a 15-passenger version of the 100. Otherwise-surplus Chevrolet, Pontiac and Packard sedans had extra rows of back-to-back seats installed, but because of wartime restrictions, white ash framing and Masonite panels were used instead of metal. Sixty-two enclosed auto haulers were also converted to passenger-carrying trailers in 1943.
Starting about 1940, under the direction of James J. St. Croix FitzJohn began to switch from building bodies for other manufacturers' chassis to their own integral models. The last bus body delivered was a model 625 in March 1940 for a White 1012 demonstrator chassis. In 1950, diesel power began to be offered as an option. At the same time the current models were redesigned with rear engines. Even though the Cityliner offered unparalleled maintenance access to the engine (the rear corner panels swung out, as well as the back panels lifted up), FitzJohn could not compete against the larger manufacturers (such as GM and Twin Coach) and decided to leave the transit market in 1954.
FitzJohn's last offering was the Roadrunner. Officially designated the FID (FitzJohn Interurban Diesel with a 150 hp Cummins JBS-600) or FIG (with a Gasoline Waukesha 176 hp 140-GK), the Roadrunner was offered as a 37-passenger coach with a 237-inch (6.0 m) wheelbase, or a shortened 33-seat version on a 201-inch (5.1 m) wheelbase. Only 14 FIGs were built, and all but a handful of the Roadrunners were 37-seaters. The last FitzJohns built for an American customer were five Roadrunner Sightseer variants (with roof windows) for Florida Greyhound Lines. The 85,000-square-foot (7,900 m2) Muskegon factory closed in May 1958, after the last order of 54 FIDs was delivered to Mexico.
Sales records exist for the 31 years 1927 through 1958. During that time FitzJohn constructed 2,621 buses and coaches, 1,460 bodies, 776 stretchouts, and 62 trailer conversions. It is estimated that over 400 bus bodies—plus a small number of truck bodies—were built in the years 1921–1927, for a total of over 5,300 units.
Foreign operations
[edit]In 1949 FitzJohn purchased surplus land and a 42,000 sq ft (3,900 m2) airplane hangar adjacent to the Brantford, Ontario airport. The first buses built by FitzJohn Coach of Canada Ltd. were delivered to Hollinger Bus Lines (a suburban Toronto company) in May 1950. The Brantford plant built 197 buses during its entire existence. Initially the front-engined 310 Cityliner was produced, but construction switched to the rear-engine FTD and FTG. In 1958, the facility was sold to Blue Bird, allowing that company to expand into Canada.
Shortly after World War II FitzJohn established a sales unit in Mexico City. Mexico proved to be a fertile market for the company, and 40-passenger Super Duraliners were sold there until 1956, many built to an unusual rear-entrance/exit configuration. Although sales dropped in the mid-1950s when the Mexican government began to encourage domestic manufacturing, over 50 Roadrunners were exported. Following the dissolution of FitzJohn, a Mexican company began building the Roadrunner.
Products
[edit]| Model | Seats | Type | Built | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| F-60 | 18 | transit | 1921–1927 | for ¾-ton Reo Speed Wagon chassis; replaced by model F |
| F-75 | 18 | parlor | 1921–? | sedan-style; for ¾-ton Reo Speed Wagon chassis |
| B-51 | 21 | transit | 1922–1928 | for ¾-ton Reo Speed Wagon chassis; replaced by model B |
| — | 22 | parlor | 1924–1927 | for Reo W chassis |
| B | 21 | transit | 1927–1933 | Pay-Enter Grand; Seneca without upper sash windows, Sioux with upper sash windows |
| C | 17–25 | parlor | 1927–1933 | Observation Coach (21 seats); Mohawk with 17 seats, Tecumseh with 25 seats |
| D | 12–17 | transit/suburban | 1927–1933 | Utility Coach; Algonquin with 12 seats, Juniata with 14 seats, Apache with 17 seats |
| F | 17 | transit | 1927–1928 | |
| G | 21 | parlor | ?–1933 | Observation Coach; Tomahawk with inside lofts, Shiawassee without inside lofts |
| H | 29 | transit | ?–1933 | Pensacola |
| K | 25 | transit/suburban | 1928–1933 | Navajo |
| L | 19–29 | parlor | 1928–1933 | Commander of the Highways (19 seats); Chippewa with 21 seats, Shawnee with 25 seats, Pocahontas with 29 seats |
| S | various | school | ?–1933 | Hiawatha |
| 5 | 13 | parlor | 1933–? | streamlined body; only 3 built |
| 10 | 16 | parlor | 1933–? | streamlined body; only 7 built (2 as railbuses) |
| 15 | ? | ? | 1933–? | no details |
| 20 | ? | ? | 1933–? | no details |
| 25 | ? | ? | 1933–? | no details |
| 30 | ? | ? | 1933–? | no details |
| 35 | 21–29 | transit | 1933–1939 | 198 built (includes 35A, 35B, 35C, 35X and streamlined 35Z versions) |
| 100 | 11–15 | sedan | 1934–194x | stretchout Chevrolet Master Sedan; 776 built; 15-seat version built during World War 2 |
| 135 | ? | parlor | 1935 | 2 built |
| 150 | ? | parlor | 1934–? | Deluxe Streamlined Intercity |
| 175 | ? | parlor | ? | no details |
| 215 | 16–21 | transit | 1934–? | 101 built |
| 250 | 21–25 | parlor | 1934–? | Dural Intercity: all-metal flat-front duralumin body; replaced by model 325 |
| 300 | ? | transit | 193x–1942 | 245 built (14 as bodies only); replaced by model 310 |
| 310 | 27–39 | transit | 1944–1950 | Cityliner; forward-entrance flat-front bus; also offered with Hercules JXLD engine; standee windows added in 1947; replaced by models FTD & FTG |
| 325 | ? | parlor | ?–1940 | available as body-only or integral coach; replaced by models 500 & 600 |
| 350 | ? | transit | 1936–1937 | forward-entrance flat-front all-metal body for Reo 3P7 chassis; 25 built |
| 500 | 24–32 | parlor | 1939–1945 | Duraliner; 243 built; replaced by model 510 |
| 510 | 24–32 | parlor | 1946–1952 | Duraliner; 499 built |
| 525 | 28 | parlor | ? | Duraliner; 7 built |
| 600 | 36 | parlor | 1939–1940 | Falcon; mid-ship underfloor engine |
| 610 | 36 | parlor | 1940–1946 | Falcon; front engine; replaced by model 635 |
| 615 | 36 | parlor | ?–1946 | Falcon; air-conditioned version of the 610; replaced by model 635 |
| 625 | ? | parlor | 1940 | last body-only design; for White 1012 chassis |
| 635 | 36–40 | parlor | 1949 | Super Duraliner; 25 built; export version sold in Mexico until 1956 |
| FTD | ? | transit | 1950–1954 | Cityliner; rear diesel engine (usually Cummins JT-6B) |
| FTG | ? | transit | 1950–1954 | Cityliner; rear gasoline engine (usually Waukesha 140-GK) |
| FSD/FSG | ? | suburban | ? | Suburbanliner; high-back seats and no center door; only 3 built |
| FID/FIG | 33–37 | interurban | 1954–1958 | Roadrunner; Sightseer offered with roof windows; 14 FIG built |
| — | ? | trailer | 1943 | auto-hauling trailers converted to passenger units; 62 built |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Meier, Albert E., ed. (March 1969). "Made to Make You Money". Motor Coach Age. XXI (3). Upper Montclair, NJ: Motor Bus Society: 4–20.
External links
[edit]
- Coachbult.com - Fitzjohn Body Company
- FitzJohn Buses
- Transportes del Pacifico 119: a Mexican-built Roadrunner