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Altai Krai

Coordinates: 52°46′N 82°37′E / 52.767°N 82.617°E / 52.767; 82.617
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from History of Altai Krai)
Not to be confused with the neighbouring Russian federal subject of Altai Republic and the Chinese subdivision of Altay Prefecture.
Altai Krai
Krai
Алтайский край
Flag of Altai Krai
Flag
Coat of arms of Altai Krai
Coat of arms
Anthem: Anthem of the Altai Krai
[3]
Coordinates: 52°46′N 82°37′E / 52.767°N 82.617°E / 52.767; 82.617
CountryRussia
Federal districtSiberian[1]
Economic regionWest Siberian[2]
Administrative centerBarnaul[4]
Government
 • BodyLegislative Assembly[5]
 • Governor[6]Viktor Tomenko
Area
[7]
 • Total167,996 km2 (64,864 sq mi)
 • Rank22nd
Population
 (2021 census)[8]
 • Total2,163,693
 • Estimate 
(2018)[9]
2,350,080
 • Rank22nd
 • Density13/km2 (33/sq mi)
 • Urban
58.1%
 • Rural
41.9%
Time zoneUTC+7 (MSK+4 Edit this on Wikidata[10])
ISO 3166 codeRU-ALT
License plates22
OKTMO ID01000000
Official languagesRussian[11]
Websitehttp://www.altairegion22.ru

Altai Krai (Russian: Алта́йский край, romanized: Altayskiy kray, IPA: [ɐlˈtajskʲɪj kraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). It borders clockwise from the west, Kazakhstan (East Kazakhstan Region and Pavlodar Region), Novosibirsk and Kemerovo Oblasts, and the Altai Republic. The krai's administrative centre is the city of Barnaul. As of the 2021 Census, the population of the krai was 2,163,693.

Name

[edit]

The region is named after the Altai Mountains.[13]

Geography

[edit]
Ob Plateau, Altai Krai. The east–west "spikes" are ravines in the surface of the area; they lie slightly lower than the surrounding, lighter-toned agricultural lands. The dark zones are forested with pines and dotted with salt-rich lakes. The image shows a distance of a little more than 300 km (190 mi) from left to right, and the forested spikes are nearly that length. Barnaul is at center right, on the Ob River.
Devil Mountain, Altaysky District

Altai Krai has rolling foothills, grasslands, lakes, rivers, and mountains.[14] The highest point of the krai is 2,490 metres (8,170 ft) high Mayak Shangina.

The climate is severe with long cold dry winters and hot, usually dry summers. The region's main waterway is the Ob River, which gives its name to the Ob Plateau.[15] The Biya and Katun Rivers are also important. The biggest lakes are Lake Kulunda, Lake Kuchuk, Bolshoye Topolnoye, Bolshoye Yarovoye and Lake Mikhaylov.[16]

Altai Krai has rich natural resources, including lumber, as well as significant mineral reserves. These include the nonferrous metals lead, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, bauxite, and gold, as well as iron ore. Forests cover about 60,000 km2 (23,000 sq mi) of the krai's land.[16] See also Geography of South-Central Siberia.

This region of Siberia is extremely important due to its biodiversity, an area of over 1.6 million hectares (16,000 square kilometres; 6,200 square miles) is recognised by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The area is home to animals considered rare, including the endangered snow leopard.

History

[edit]

Bone fragments of the Denisova hominin originate from the Denisova Cave in Altai Krai.

This area is part of a great crossroads in the ancient world.[17] Nomadic tribes crossed through the territory during periods of migration. These nomadic tribes consisted of different peoples. Archeological sites reveal that ancient humans lived in the area.[16] The Altay people are a Turkic people, some of whom settled here, who were originally nomadic and date back to the 2nd millennium BC.[18]

The territory of the krai has been controlled by the Xiongnu Empire (209 BC–93 AD), the Rouran Khaganate (330–555), the Mongol Empire (1206–1368), the Golden Horde, the Northern Yuan (1368–1691) and the Zunghar Khanate (1634–1758).[19]

After the Russian Revolution and the rise of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the policy of war communism was imposed on the rural population of Altai Krai, destroying the livelihood of many local farmers. In response, the peasant rebellion of Sorokino broke out in 1921; this uprising was quickly crushed by the Red Army. Many locals who had taken part in the rebellion were later put on trial and convicted to hard labor or execution, in accordance with NKVD Order No. 00447 in 1937.[20]

During the interwar period, the Soviet state collectivised the livestock and husbandry activities of the Altai population within Altai Krai, resulting in local resistance to the measures and their subsequent migration, with their herds, to China and Mongolia.[21]

In June 1942 Altai Krai was one of the territories to which the families of men deported from Eastern Europe, in particular "foreigners" and "other ethnicities" such as Kola Norwegians, Lithuanians and Latvians, by Soviet Russia to GULAG hard labor camps.[22]

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Altai Krai

Heraldry

[edit]

Flag

[edit]

The flag of Altai Krai is red, with the leftmost portion blue. The blue portion contains, in golden yellow, a stylized depiction of an upright ear of wheat. Centered in the red field is the coat of arms of the territory. It is derived from the flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Coat of arms

[edit]

The coat of arms of Altai Krai was established in 2000. It includes a shield of French heraldry form with a basement of 8/10th of its height and a sharp part in the middle of the bottom part. Bottom edges of the shield are rounded. The shield is divided with a horizontal stripe into two equal parts. In the upper part has a blue background, which is a symbol of glory, is a steamy oven of the 18th century, which reflects a historical past of the krai. In the bottom part on the red background, which is a symbol of dignity, braveness and courage, is an image of the Koluvan Queen of Vases mainly in green color, which is kept in the Hermitage Museum. The shield is framed with golden wheat ears which represent agriculture as a main industry of Altai Krai.

Politics

[edit]
Krai Administration seat in the Soviets Square, Barnaul

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the krai was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Altai CPSU Committee (who in reality had the most authority), the chairman of the Krai Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Krai Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the krai administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Altai Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Altai Krai is the regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Krai Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Krai Administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the krai Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

On August 7, 2005, the krai's then-head of administration Mikhail Yevdokimov died in a car crash.

In the regional parliament election held in 2016, the United Russia party received 44 seats; the A Just Russia party received 6; the Communist Party and Liberal Democratic Party received 8 each.

In the State Duma of the 7th convocation (2016–2021), Altai Krai is represented by 10 deputies: Nikolai Gerasimenko,[23] Victor Zobnev,[24] Daniil Bessarabov,[25] Oleg Bykov,[26] Valery Yelykomov,[27] Natalya Kuvshinova,[28] Ivan Loor,[29] and Alexander Prokopyev[30] from United Russia; from A Just Russia - Alexander Terentyev;[31] from the Communist Party - Sergey Shargunov.[32][33] Two representatives of the region work in the Federation Council - Sergey Belousov and Alexander Karlin.[34][35]

List of chairpersons of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly

[edit]

The chairperson of the Altai Krai Legislative Assembly is the presiding officer of that legislature.

Office-holders

[edit]
Name Took office Left office
Aleksandr Surikov[36] 1994 1996
Aleksandr Nazarchuk 1996 2008
Ivan Loor[37] 2008 2016
Aleksandr Romanenko (politician) [ru] 2016 present

Economy

[edit]

As of 2013 the Krai's largest enterprises were supermarket chain Maria-Ra [ru], coke fuel producer Altai-Koks and rolling stock manufacturer Altaivagon.[38] Evalar - a prominent dietary supplement manufacturer - is also located in Altai Krai.

In January 2019, the average wage in Altai Krai was 23,941 RUB, which was an increase of 6.3% over the previous year.[39]

Demographics

[edit]

Population: 2,163,693 (2021 Census);[40] 2,419,755 (2010 Census);[41] 2,607,426 (2002 Census);[42] 2,822,305 (1989 Soviet census).[43]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19592,683,265—    
19702,670,261−0.5%
19792,674,614+0.2%
19892,822,305+5.5%
20022,607,426−7.6%
20102,419,755−7.2%
20212,163,693−10.6%
Source: Census data

Ethnic groups

[edit]
Ethnicities in Altai Krai in 2021[44]
Ethnicity Population Percentage
Russians 1,863,686 95.5%
Germans 25,361 1.3%
Ukrainians 10,614 0.5%
Kazakhs 5,586 0.3%
Tajiks 5,230 0.3%
Armenians 5,100 0.3%
Other 36,856 1.8%
Ethnicity not stated 211,260 –
Cathedral of the Protection of the Theotokos in Barnaul, Altai Krai

Vital statistics for 2022:[45][46]

  • Births: 17,577 (7.8 per 1,000)
  • Deaths: 33,924 (15.0 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):[47]
1.35 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):[48]
Total — 68.60 years (male — 64.08, female — 73.10)

Settlements

[edit]

Religion

[edit]
Religion in Altai Krai as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[49][50]
Russian Orthodoxy
 
 22.6%
Other Orthodox
 
 1.8%
Other Christians
 
 2.6%
Islam
 
 1.1%
Spiritual but not religious
 
 31.1%
Atheism and irreligion
 
 27.4%
Other and undeclared
 
 13.4%

According to a 2012 survey[49] 22.6% of the population of Altay Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 3% are unaffiliated Christians, 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any church or are adherents of other Orthodox churches, 1% are adherents of Islam. In addition, 31% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 27% is atheist, and 14.4% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[49]

Sister district

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ^ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ^ Law #94
  4. ^ Charter of Altai Krai, Article 6
  5. ^ Charter of Altai Krai, Article 67
  6. ^ Charter of Altai Krai, Article 79
  7. ^ "Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)". Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography. Archived from the original on February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
  8. ^ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 1, 2022.
  9. ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  10. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  11. ^ Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ^ Resolution of September 28, 1937
  13. ^ Warikoo, K. (2017). Eurasia and India: Regional Perspectives. Routledge. ISBN 9781351691956.
  14. ^ "Russian program — Altai". Archived from the original on March 22, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
  15. ^ Geographical position, geological structure and surface topography of the south of Western Siberia (in Russian)
  16. ^ a b c "Altai Territory". Archived from the original on November 4, 2006. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
  17. ^ "Greater Altai – Altai Krai, Republic of Altai, Tyva (Tuva), and Novosibirsk — Crossroads". Archived from the original on March 14, 2007. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
  18. ^ "Peoples from Russia — Alexey, guide in Altay region". Archived from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
  19. ^ History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003
  20. ^ Jusopova (2010), p. 91–109.
  21. ^ Olson, James Stuart (1998). An ethnohistorical dictionary of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 11. ISBN 9780313288531.
  22. ^ Lietuvos žydų tremtinių sąrašas Parengė Galina Žirikova pagal: "Genocido aukų vardynas 1939-1941 m." Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos centras. 1998-2005 m.
  23. ^ "Герасименко Николай Федорович" [Gerasimenko Nikolay Fedorovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  24. ^ "Зобнев Виктор Викторович" [Zobnev Viktor Viktorovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  25. ^ "Бессарабов Даниил Владимирович" [Bessarabov Daniil Vladimirovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  26. ^ "Быков Олег Петрович" [Bykov Oleg Petrovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  27. ^ "Елыкомов Валерий Анатольевич" [Yelykomov Valery Anatolyevich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  28. ^ "Кувшинова Наталья Сергеевна" [Kuvshinova Natalya Sergeyevna]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  29. ^ "Лоор Иван Иванович" [Loor Ivan Ivanovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  30. ^ "Прокопьев Александр Сергеевич" [Prokopyev Alexander Sergeyevich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  31. ^ "Терентьев Александр Васильевич" [Terentyev Alexander Vasilyevich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  32. ^ "Шаргунов Сергей Александрович" [Shargunov Sergey Alexandrovich]. www.gosduma.net. Archived from the original on January 19, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  33. ^ "Депутаты Государственной Думы РФ от Алтайского края" [Deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation from the Altai Krai]. www.altairegion22.ru. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  34. ^ "Карлин Александр Богданович" [Karlin Alexander Bogdanovich]. www.altairegion22.ru. Archived from the original on May 26, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  35. ^ "Члены Совета Федерации от Алтайского края" [Members of the Federation Council from the Altai Territory]. www.altairegion22.ru. Archived from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2021.
  36. ^ "АЛЕЙНИКОВ АНДРЕЙ АНАТОЛЬЕВИЧ / "Российская Федерация" / III выпуск / ВСЕ ГЕРОИ ЭНЦИКЛОПЕДИИ / Издательство "Спец-Адрес"". www.llr.ru. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  37. ^ "Altai Krai Legislative Assembly". Archived from the original on April 17, 2013. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  38. ^ "Новости, анализ, прогнозы в сфере экономики и бизнеса, общества и политики". expert.ru. Archived from the original on October 13, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  39. ^ "Какова средняя зарплата в Алтайском крае? - Толк 17.03.2019". March 17, 2019.
  40. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  41. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  42. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  43. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  44. ^ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  45. ^ "Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  46. ^ "Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022". ROSSTAT. Archived from the original on March 2, 2023. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
  47. ^ Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости [Total fertility rate]. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (in Russian). Archived from the original (XLSX) on August 10, 2023. Retrieved August 10, 2023.
  48. ^ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved June 1, 2022.
  49. ^ a b c "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  50. ^ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
  51. ^ "China and Russia sister cities". Archived from the original on November 12, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2018.

Sources

[edit]
  • Алтайское краевое Законодательное Собрание. №3-ЗС 5 июня 1995 г. «Устав (основной закон) Алтайского края», в ред. Закона №118-ЗС от 1 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав (Основной Закон) Алтайского края». Опубликован: "Алтайская правда", №100, 14 июня 1995 г. (Altai Krai Legislative Assembly. #3-ZS June 5, 1995 Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai, as amended by the Law #118-ZS of December 1, 2015 On Amending the Charter (Basic Law) of Altai Krai. ).
  • Центральный исполнительный комитет СССР. Постановление от 28 сентября 1937 г. «О разделении Западно-Сибирского края на Новосибирскую область и Алтайский край». (Central Executive Committee of the USSR. Resolution of September 28, 1937 On Splitting West Siberian Krai into Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai. ).
  • Jusopova, Evgenija (2010). "Vorgehen gegen die Teilnehmer des Aufstandes von Sorokino in der Altaj-Region". In Rolf Binner; Bernd Bonwetsch; Marc Junge (eds.). Stalinismus in der sowjetischen Provinz 1937–1938. Die Massenaktion aufgrund des operativen Befehls No. 00447 (in German). Berlin: Akademie Verlag. pp. 91–109. ISBN 978-3-05-004685-3.
[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Altai Krai.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Altai Krai.

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