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List of Germans transported to the USSR via the Operation Osoaviakhim

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Operation Osoaviakhim was a secret Soviet operation under which more than 2,500 former Nazi German specialists (Специалисты; i.e. scientists, engineers and technicians who worked in specialist areas) from companies and institutions relevant to military and economic policy in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany (SBZ) and Berlin, as well as around 4,000 more family members, totalling more than 6,000 people, were transported from former Nazi Germany as war reparations to the Soviet Union. It took place in the early morning hours of October 22, 1946 when MVD (previously NKVD) and Soviet Army units under the direction of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD), headed by Ivan Serov, rounded up German scientists and transported them by rail to the USSR.[1][2][3]

Much related equipment was also moved, the aim being to literally transplant research and production research centers such as the V-2 rocket center of Mittelwerk, from Germany to the Soviet Union, and collect as much material as possible from test centers such as the Luftwaffe's central military aviation test center at Erprobungstelle Rechlin, taken by the Red Army on 2 May 1945.

In the night of 21 October 1946, the day following the 1946 Soviet occupation zone state elections as well as the 1946 Berlin state election until 22. October 1946, soviet officers accompanied by a translator as well as an armed soldier stopped by the homes of German specialists, ordering them to pack their belongings. Trucks and trains had been prepared and were standing ready for the immediate transport of around 6,500 people against their will.

  • 1,385 of these specialists had worked in the Ministry of Aviation developing planes as well as jet engines and Surface-to-air missiles,
  • 515 in the Ministry of Armaments, primary concerned with development of liquid rocket engines,
  • 358 in the Ministry of Telecommunications Industry (Radar and Telemetry),
  • 81 in the Ministry of Chemical Industry,
  • 62 in the Ministry of Shipbuilding (gyro and navigation systems),
  • 27 in the Ministry of Agricultural Machinery (solid rocket engines),
  • 14 in the Ministry of Cinema and Photographic Industry,
  • 3 in the Ministry of Petroleum Industry and
  • 107 in establishments of the Ministry of Light Industry.[1]

Key recruits by Operation Osoaviakhim (incomplete list)

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Jet engine and aviation industry

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Affected facilities

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Locations of stay in the USSR

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Affected specialists (selection)

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In the following List, duration of stay in the USSR is stated, if known.

Optical and glass industry

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Affected facilities

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Locations of stay in the USSR

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Affected specialists (selection)

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Other affected facilities (incomplete)

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Details as mentioned above are not known in this section.

Locations of stay in the USSR (selection)

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Affected specialists (selection)

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Uhl, Matthias (2001). Stalins V-2. Der Technologietransfer der deutschen Fernlenkwaffentechnik in die UdSSR und der Aufbau der sowjetischen Raketenindustrie 1945 bis 1959 (PDF) (in German). Bernard & Graefe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7637-6214-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Operation "Osoaviakhim"". Russian space historian Anatoly Zak. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  3. ^ Exorcising Hitler; The Occupation and Denazification of Germany, Frederick Taylor, Bloomsbury Press
  4. ^ a b c d Olaf Przybilski (2002-08-13). "The Germans and the Development of Rocket Engines in the USSR (Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 55, pg. 404 - 427)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2022. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  5. ^ "Research Work on Rocket Propellants By German Scientists at the Oka Chemical Plant In Dzerzhinsk" (PDF). CIA. 1953-05-13. Archived from the original (PDF; 659 kB) on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 2020-06-11. Dokument CIA-RDP80-00810A000900540010-2
  6. ^ Anatoly Zak. "News and history of astronautics in the former USSR – German team on Gorodomlya Island". Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  7. ^ "Repatriation of Junkers and Siebel Specialists from Podberezhe, USSR" (PDF). CIA. 1952-04-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  8. ^ Anatoly Zak. "News and history of astronautics in the former USSR – German team on Moscow". Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  9. ^ "Return of German Specialists from the USSR" (PDF). CIA. 1951-03-12. Archived from the original (PDF; 212 kB) on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 2020-06-11. Dokument CIA-RDP82-00457R007200170003-8
  10. ^ Simone Trieder (2018), Unsere russischen Jahre. Die verschleppten Spezialistenfamilien (in German), Halle (Saale): Mitteldeutscher Verlag, p. 68, ISBN 978-3-96311-023-8
  11. ^ Albring, Werner (2016-12-07) [1991 in Germany as Gorodomlia, Deutsche Raketenforscher in Russland]. Gorodomlya Island. German Rocket Scientists in Russia. Translated by Kuhlmann-Walter, Ursula. Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-74121823-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g "Organization and Personnel at Branch No. 1, Institute 88, Gorodomlya Island" (PDF). CIA. 3 July 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Personnel at Branch No. 1 of NII 88 at Gorodomlya Island" (PDF). CIA. 1 June 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b Mick, Christoph (2000). Forschen für Stalin. Deutsche Fachleute in der sowjetischen Rüstungsindustrie 1945-1958 [Research for Stalin. German Specialists in the Soviet Armaments Industry.] (in German). Munich: Deutsches Museum. ISBN 3-486-29003-7.
  15. ^ Brancke, Käte (1989). Im goldenen Käfig. Unfreiwillig in Russland 1946 - 1952 [In the golden cage. Involuntarily in Russia] (in German). R. G. Fischer Verlag. ISBN 3-89406-064-6.
  16. ^ Gröttrup, Irmgard (1959) [1958 in Germany as "Die Besessenen und die Mächtigen. Im Schatten der roten Rakete"]. Rocket Wive. Translated by Hughes, Susan. Andre Deutsch.
  17. ^ Magnus, Kurt (1993). Raketensklaven. Deutsche Forscher hinter rotem Stacheldraht [Rocketry slaves. German scientist behind red barwire] (in German). Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 3-933395-61-5.
  18. ^ "Return of German Specialists From NII-380 in Leningrad to Germany" (PDF). CIA. 1951-11-10. Archived from the original (PDF; 205 kB) on January 23, 2017. Retrieved 2020-06-11. Dokument CIA-RDP82-00457R009100450006-0
  19. ^ a b c "ZEISS SPECIALISTS AND RESEARCH AT THE PROGRESS WORKS IN LENINGRAD" (PDF). CIA. 4 September 1952. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Personnel, Production, and Organization at Arsenal No. 1 at Kiev" (PDF). CIA. 28 August 1952. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  21. ^ a b c "Development Activities at Zavod 393 Krasnogorsk" (PDF). CIA. 29 June 1955. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  22. ^ "Wilhelm Schütz". Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2016-03-05.
  23. ^ "Deportation aus Berlin", Der Tagesspiegel (in German), Berlin: gemäß DANA, p. 2, 1946-10-24
  24. ^ a b Albold, Bärbel (2007), Sömmerdaer Industriegeschichte 1816 bis 2006 (in German), Erfurt: Sutton, ISBN 978-3-86680-157-8
  25. ^ Rainer Karlsch (2004), Allein bezahlt? Die Reparationsleistungen der SBZ/DDR 1945–1953. (in German), Berlin: Elbe-Dnjepr-Verlag, Klitzschen, p. 161, ISBN 3-933395-51-8
  26. ^ "Zavod No. 3, Film Plant, at Shostka" (PDF). CIA. 1 December 1952. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  27. ^ a b Werner Holzmüller (2003), Erlebte Geschichte (in German), Leipzig: Verl. im Wiss.-Zentrum, pp. 79 ff., ISBN 3-933531-26-8
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