Mount Norikura

Mount Norikura
Mount Norikura
乗鞍岳
	Mount Norikura in spring
Highest point
Elevation	3,025.64 m (9,926.6 ft)
Listing	• List of mountains in Japan; • List of volcanoes in Japan; • 100 Famous Japanese Mountains
Coordinates	36°06′23″N 137°33′13″E / 36.10639°N 137.55361°E
Naming
English translation	Riding Saddle Peak
Geography
	Mount Norikura Location in Japan
Location	Gifu Prefecture; Nagano Prefecture; Japan
Parent range	Hida Mountains
Topo map(s)	Geographical Survey Institute, 25000:1 乗鞍岳, 50000:1 上高地
Geology
Mountain type	Stratovolcano (active)
Last eruption	50 BCE (?)
Climbing
First ascent	Enkū in the 1680s

Mount Norikura (乗鞍岳, Norikura-dake) is a potentially active volcano located on the borders of Gifu and Nagano prefectures in Japan. It is part of the Hida Mountains and is listed among the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains^[4] and the New 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.^[5]

Outline

The mountain is located on the borders of Gifu and Nagano prefectures in Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.^[6]

The Norikura Plateau borders the mountain on its northern side in Nagano Prefecture. The mountain, whose name means "riding saddle," received its name because its shape looks like a horse saddle. It is known for being the easiest to climb among the mountains in Japan that are above 3000-meters.

History

1680s - It is said that Enkū was the first to reach the peak.^[3]
1878 - Englishman William Gowland became the first non-Japanese man to reach the peak.^[7]^[8]
1892 - Englishman Walter Weston climbed on the peak.^[9]^[10]
December 4, 1934 - This area was specified to the Chūbu-Sangaku National Park.^[6]
1973 - Norikura Skyline to the vicinity of the top of a mountain was opened. It is the road that exists in the highest place in Japan.^[3]

Nature

After Mount Fuji and Mount Ontake, Mount Norikura is the third tallest volcano in Japan. It is a stratovolcano and hardened lava flows can still be seen near the peak. There are eight plains and 12 crater lakes on the mountain that were formed by volcanic activity. The Norikura Skyline is a road through the mountain, but it has to be closed for much of the year because of heavy snow fall. Even in the summer, some snow remains on the northeastern face of the mountain.

Plant and animal life

Mount Norikura has a variety of plant and animal life on its slopes. In addition to the alpine accentor and martins, the rock ptarmigan (one of Japan's natural monuments) also makes its home on the mountain.

There are various alpine plants and other flowers, including rhododendrons, lilies, and komakusa.

Geography

Geological features

Mount Kengamine (剣ヶ峰 Kengamine), one peak on the mountain, was formed in two eruptions 9,600 and 9,200 years ago. Mount Ebisu (恵比寿岳 Ebisu-dake), another peak, was formed during an eruption 2,000 years ago. Though the volcano has lost some of its eruptive power, volcanic gas is still escaping through the Yū River (湯川 Yū-gawa) and there are many spa areas in the surrounding area.

River of source

Each following river of the source^{[clarification needed]} flows to the Sea of Japan or Ise Bay.^[11]

Tributary of Azusa River that joins to the Shinano River
Tributary of Takahara River
Tributary of Hida River

References

^ "Information inspection service of the Triangulation station". Geospatial Information Authority of Japan,(高山-乗鞍). Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
^ "Mountains altitude list in Japan(Gife prefecture)". Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c 1000 Japanese Mountains. YAMA-KEI Publishers. 1992. ISBN 4-635-09025-6.
^ Kyūya Fukada (1982). 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. The Asahi Shimbun Companyin. ISBN 4-02-260871-4.
^ Motoo Iwasaki (2006). New 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. YAMA-KEI Publishers. ISBN 4-635-53047-7.
^ ^a ^b "Chūbu-Sangaku National Park". Ministry of the Environment (Japan). Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2010.
^ Chronology of the climbing mountain history in Japan. YAMA-KEI Publishers. 2005. ISBN 4-635-17814-5.
^ William Gowland (1881). A Hand book for Travellers in Central and Northern Japan. ISBN 4-635-53047-7.
^ Dictionary of name of Japanese mountain (日本山名辞典). Sanseido. 1992. ISBN 4-385-15403-1.
^ Walter Weston (2005). Mountaineeraing and exploration in Japanese alps (new ed.). translated into Japanese (日本アルプスの登山と探検), Iwanami　Shoten. ISBN 4-00-334741-2.
^ Mountain and plateau map, Norikura Plateau (山と高原地図). Shobunsha Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-4-398-75718-0.

External links

Norikuradake - Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese)
"Norikuradake: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan" (PDF). - Japan Meteorological Agency
Norikura Dake - Geological Survey of Japan
"Norikuradake". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-24.

[Triangulation_station-1] "Information inspection service of the Triangulation station". Geospatial Information Authority of Japan,(高山-乗鞍). Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved December 4, 2010.

[posi-2] "Mountains altitude list in Japan(Gife prefecture)". Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. Retrieved December 4, 2010.

[y1000-3] 1000 Japanese Mountains. YAMA-KEI Publishers. 1992. ISBN 4-635-09025-6.

[fukada-4] Kyūya Fukada (1982). 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. The Asahi Shimbun Companyin. ISBN 4-02-260871-4.

[iwasaki-5] Motoo Iwasaki (2006). New 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. YAMA-KEI Publishers. ISBN 4-635-53047-7.

[npark-6] "Chūbu-Sangaku National Park". Ministry of the Environment (Japan). Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2010.

[7] Chronology of the climbing mountain history in Japan. YAMA-KEI Publishers. 2005. ISBN 4-635-17814-5.

[8] William Gowland (1881). A Hand book for Travellers in Central and Northern Japan. ISBN 4-635-53047-7.

[dic-9] Dictionary of name of Japanese mountain (日本山名辞典). Sanseido. 1992. ISBN 4-385-15403-1.

[10] Walter Weston (2005). Mountaineeraing and exploration in Japanese alps (new ed.). translated into Japanese (日本アルプスの登山と探検), Iwanami　Shoten. ISBN 4-00-334741-2.

[tizu-11] Mountain and plateau map, Norikura Plateau (山と高原地図). Shobunsha Publications. 2010. ISBN 978-4-398-75718-0.

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v t e Three-thousanders (in Japan)
Independent peak	Mount Fuji Mount Ontake
Hida Mountains (Northern Alps)	Mount Okuhotaka Mount Yari Mount Karasawa Mount Kitahotaka Mount Ōbami Mount Maehotaka Mount Naka Mount Minami Mount Norikura Mount Tate
Akaishi Mountains (Southern Alps)	Mount Kita Mount Aino Mount Warusawa Mount Akaishi Mount Arakawa Mount Nōtori Mount Shiomi Mount Senjō Mount Hijiri
100 Famous Japanese Mountains List of mountains in Japan