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Shinise

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Founded 705, the Nishiyama Onsen Keiunkan is the world's oldest hotel and one of Japan's oldest companies.

In Japan, shinise (老舗, lit. 'old shop(s)') are long-established businesses that have been in operation for a long time, at least for a hundred years.[1] Some are older than a thousand years. Japan has significantly more very old businesses than other countries, and they and their products enjoy a particular prestige in Japan.

Characteristics

[edit]

Long-established companies are particularly common in Japan, which is home to over half of the world's companies that are older than 200 years.[2] As of 2020, the country had more than 33,000 shinise, of which 3,100 were older than 200 years, 140 older than 500 years and at least 19 who say that they have been operating for over 1,000 years.[1] Shinise are a source of national and regional pride, and are the subject of governmental promotion, business management books and travel guides.[1]

Frequently, shinise are relatively small family businesses guided by a particular set of principles (kakun).[1] These principles tend to emphasize continuity, tradition, longstanding business relationships, sticking to the core business, accumulating cash reserves and avoiding debt and other risk. This limits growth but helps the companies weather even severe crises.[2][1][3] Some shinise, however, have grown to be leading players in their fields, such as the video game maker Nintendo[2] or the general contractor Takenaka.[3]

The prevalence of shinise in Japan is attributed to the particularities of Japanese culture, such as reverence for traditions and one's ancestors, and Japanese history, such as the country's relatively long global isolation prior to the 19th century.[3][2] To ensure familial continuity, shinise owners without children of their own sometimes adopt one of their male employees.[3] One effect of the high prestige that shinise enjoy in Japan is that startups are less respected or appreciated than elsewhere.[3]

Shinise products

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Buying something from a shinise imparts particular prestige in Japan, connoting the "pinnacle of taste".[2] This Japanese preference for shinise is distinguished from the appreciation most societies have for luxury goods in that it does not only include expensive, long-lasting items such as cars and watches, but also everyday objects and food.[2]

This consumer preference may have roots in Japanese society's predilection for conformity, which makes it so that somebody who owns a shinise item is certain not to be ridiculed for it, and frequently respected.[2] As a result, brand loyalty to shinise is often intense, which in turn helps these companies survive for a long time.[2]

List of shinise

[edit]

This list aims to include all shinise founded before 1600, and selected notable younger shinise.

Company Location Business Date of establishment Ref.
Kongō Gumi Osaka, Osaka Construction 578 [4][5][6][7]
Nisiyama Onsen Keiunkan Hayakawa, Yamanashi Hot spring hotel 705 [2]
Koman Toyooka, Hyōgo Hotel 717 [8][9]
Hōshi Ryokan Ishikawa Prefecture Hotel 718 [10][11]
Genda Shigyō Kyoto, Kyoto Ceremonial paper goods 771 [12]
Tanaka Iga Butsugu Kyoto, Kyoto Buddhist religious goods 885 [1]
Nakamura Shaji Ichinomiya, Aichi Construction 970 [13]
Ichimonjiya Wasuke Kyoto, Kyoto Confectionery 1000 [1][3]
Shumiya-Shinbutsuguten Religious goods 1024 [14]
Takahan Ryokan Yuzawa, Niigata Hotel 1075 [15]
Geto Onsen Kitakami, Iwate Hotel 1134 [16]
Sudo Honke Kasama, Ibaraki Sake 1141 [17][18][19]
Tsuen Tea Uji, Kyoto Teahouse 1160 [3]
Gorobee Ame Confectionery 1177–1180 [20]
Fujito [jp] Confectionery 1184 [21]
Kikuoka Nara, Nara Herbs 1184 [22][23]
Sakan Ryokan Sendai, Miyagi Hotel 1184 [24][25]
Ito Tekko Metalworking 1189 [26]
Shirasagiyu Tawaraya Kaga, Ishikawa Hotel 1190 [27]
Kotabe Foundry Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Foundry 1190–1199 [28]
Tosen Goshobo Kobe, Hyōgo Hotel 1191 [29]
Arima Onsen Okunobo Hotel 1191 [30][31]
Yoshinoya Irokuen Kaga, Ishikawa Hotel 1192 [32]
Notoya Komatsu, Ishikawa Hotel 1311 [33]
Higashiya Yonezawa, Yamagata Hotel 1312 [34]
Sankogan Gose, Nara Pharmacy 1319 [35]
Korenya Shingetsuan Confectionery 1327 [36]
Kanbukuro Confectionery 1329 [37]
Kuroda Sennendo Confectionery Bef. 1333 [38]
Maruya Hatco Miso Okazaki, Aichi Miso 1337 [39]
Takata Textiles 1346 [40]
Shiose [jp] Confectionery 1349 [41]
Uiro (company) [jp] Pharmacy 1368 [42]
Matsumaeya Seaweed 1392 [43][44]
Namariichi Chemicals 1395 [45]
Kameya Mutsu Confectionery 1421 [46]
Saku Saku, Nagano Hotel 1428 [47]
Yunushi Ichijoh Hotel 1428 [48]
Surugaya [jp] Confectionery 1461 [49][50]
Senkiya Tea 1462 [51]
Owariya Kyoto, Kyoto Restaurant 1465 [52]
Inoue Tea 1467 [53]
Mizuta Gyokuundo Confectionery 1477 [54]
Hiraizumi Sake 1487 [55]
Fukkodo Brushes 1501 [56]
Tsutaya Confectionery 1502 [57]
Chigira Jinsentei Ikaho, Gunma Hotel 1502 [58][59]
Kawabata Doki [jp] Confectionery 1503 [60]
Ishiga Honten Religious goods 1504–1520 [61]
Kenbishi Sake Bef. 1505 [62][63]
Toraya Tokyo, Tokyo Confectionery Abt. 1520 [64]
Yamaji Sake 1532 [65]
Honke Kojima Confectionery 1532 [66]
Matsuokaya Sauce 1534 [67]
Tomita Sake Brewery [jp] Sake 1534 [68]
Izumiya Ryokan Hotel 1536 [69]
Shusen Kurano Sake 1540 [70]
Fubokaku Hotel 1546 [71]
Kunitomo Kyutaro Gunpowder 1547 [72]
Yoshinogawa Sake 1548 [73]
Konishi Sake Brewery [jp] Sake 1550 [74]
Sasaiya Confectionery 1550 [75]
Izeki Clothing 1550 [76]
Itamuro Onsen Daikokuya Nasushiobara, Tochigi Food 1551 [77][78]
Meien Co., Ltd. Nagoya, Aichi Salt 1554 [79]
Chiso Kyoto, Kyoto Clothing 1555 [80]
Chikiriya Jihei [jp] Clothing 1555 [81]
Kaikodo Lacquerware Bef. 1558 [82]
Kanbayashi Shunsho [jp] Tea 1558 [81]
Ueda Sake 1558 [83]
Aritsugu Kyoto, Kyoto Knives (originally swords) 1560
Nabeya Bi-tech Kaisha Seki, Gifu Machine parts (originally kettles, pots, and bells) 1560 [1]
Okamoto Iron 1560 [84]
Hasemoku Real estate 1560 [85]
Ichijoh Hotel 1560 [86]
Toyahachi Pottery retail 1560 [87]
Yamagatakan Hotel 1561 [88]
Otaya Hanuemon Confectionery 1562 [89]
Shima Tamura Hotel 1563 [90]
Kojiya Food 1563 [91]
Taiko Mochi [jp] Confectionery 1565 [92]
Nishikawa (company) [jp] Beds 1566 [93]
Kichijiya Oil 1568 [94]
Suishodo Pharmacy 1570 [95]
Isekusuri Honpo Pharmacy 1570 [96]
Kikuhime Sake 1570–1600 [97]
Yoshida Gennojo Religious goods 1572 [98]
Hosoji Inbanten Stamps 1573 [99]
Nakano Fish 1573 [100]
Muroji [jp] Sauce 1573 [101]
Otsuya [jp] Retailing 1573 [102]
Shintsu Building material 1573–1592 [103]
Sonodaya Confectionery 1573–1592 [104]
Kanbayashi Tea 1573–1592 [105]
Mitsuboshien Kanbayashi Sannyu Tea 1573–1592 [106]
Ishikawa Stone 1573–1592 [107]
Nikenjayamochi Kadoya Brewery 1575 [108]
Meboso Hachirobee Fishing flies 1575 [109]
Yanagiya Hozen Confectionery 1575 [110]
Nippon Kodo Incense 1575 [111][112]
Heihachi Jaya Restaurant 1576 [113]
Kishigon Hotel 1576 [114]
Gyokueido Confectionery 1576 [115]
Kobaien Ink 1577 [116]
Mineyo Fish 1577 [117]
Lamp no Yado Hotel 1578 [118]
Tomihiro Clothing 1578 [119]
Kiguraya Clothing 1579 [120]
Nakaya Herbal medicine 1579 [121]
Higashimaru Sauce Abt.1580 [122]
Hatano Paint Paint 1582 [123]
Indenya Leather 1582 [124]
Koju Incense 1582 [125]
Onomichizousu Onomichi, Hiroshima Vinegar 1582 [126]
Tamaruya Udon noodles 1582 [127]
Minowa Lacquerware 1582 [128]
Godayu Kikuya Confectionery 1584 [129]
Yamato Intec Metalworking 1584 [130]
Kikuya Confectionery 1585 [131]
Mercros Retailer 1585 [132]
Tenshoen Tea 1585 [133]
Matsui Construction 1586 [134]
Oyama Shaji Construction 1586 [135]
Chogoromochi Confectionery 1587 [136]
Josuian Confectionery 1587 [137]
Okeka Furnaces 1588 [138]
Ibasen Fans 1590 [139]
Kogure Hotel 1591 [140]
Yamashina Utensil 1591 [141]
Osugiya Sobee Confectionery 1592 [142]
Meimon Sakai Sake 1592 [143]
Kikyoya Confectionery 1592 [144]
Nezameya Restaurant 1592 [145]
Koya Sake 1593 [146]
Yamamotoya Seed 1593 [147]
Kungyokudo Incense 1594 [148]
Fujinoya Fertilizer 1594 [149]
Chojiya Restaurant 1596 [150]
Toshimaya Sake 1596 [151]
Takimo Food 1596 [152]
Oteramochi Kawaido Confectionery 1596 [153]
Tazen Metal 1596 [154]
Gyokurinbo Hotel 1596 [155]
Nagata Bunshodo Publisher 1596–1615 [156]
Heirakuji Publisher 1596–1615 [156]
Hayashikan Clothing 1596–1615 [157]
Kojima Sake 1597 [158]
Kuwanaya Confectionery 1597 [159]
Uzu Kyumeigan Pharmacy 1597 [160]
Ryujin Sake 1597 [161]
Chinjukan Pottery 1598 [162]
Wakanoura Imoto Pharmacy 1598 [163]
Watahan Construction 1598 [164]
Nakazato Moemon Pottery 1598 [165]
Minatoya Yurei-kosodate-ame Confectionery Bef. 1599 [166]
Umai Chemical Chemicals (originally salt) 1599 [167]
Boun Hotel 1599 [168]
Kyorin Clothing 1599 [168]
Shichiyama Hospital Hospital 1599 [169]
Takenaka Osaka, Osaka Construction 1610 [3]
Gekkeikan Kyoto, Kyoto Sake and plum wine 1637 [2]
Nintendo Kyoto, Kyoto Video games (originally playing cards) 1889 [1]
Takamatsu Construction Group Yodogawa-ku, Osaka Construction 1917 [170][171][172]
Kikkoman Noda, Chiba Soy sauce and other food 1917 [1]

See also

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References

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