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بۆ ناوەڕۆک بازبدە

ناکۆکیی تورکیا و پەکەکە

لە ئینسایکڵۆپیدیای ئازادی ویکیپیدیاوە
جەنگی پەکەکە-تورکیا
بەشێک لە the Kurdish rebellions

نەخشەی جەنگی نێوان پەکەکە و تورکیا
ڕێکەوتc. 27 November 1978–present
(٤٥ ساڵ، و ٧ مانگ، و ٣ ھەفتە، و ٦ ڕۆژ)
شوێن
ڕۆژهەڵاتی تورکیا، باکووری عێراق
دۆخ

Ongoing:

شەڕکەرەکان

تورکیا تورکیا

Other forces:

پارت کرێکارانی کوردستان (PKK)

YDG-H:

HBDH

Supported by:

PJAK[١٣]وپ:ھەموو ناکۆکییە دروستیبوونەکان[گوماناوی – وتووێژ]

پەڕگە:Tak Flag.jpg هەڵۆکانی ئازادی کوردستان
فەرماندە و سەرکردەکان

Current commanders
تورکیا ڕەجەب تەیب ئەردۆغان
تورکیا بیناڵی یەڵدرم
تورکیا هولوسی ئاکار

Past commanders:

Current commanders
Murat Karayılan
Bahoz Erdal
Cemil Bayık
Mustafa Karasu
Duran Kalkan
tr (Ali Haydar Kaytan)
Zübeyir Aydar
Haji Ahmadi[١٤]

Past commanders:
ھێز
هێزە جەکدارەکانی تورکیا: 639,551:[١٥]
Gendarmerie: 148,700[١٦]
Police: 225,000
Village Guards: 60,000[١٧]
تورکیا Total: 948,550
(not all directly involved in the conflict)

پارتی کرێکارانی کوردستان: 4,000–32,800[١٨][١٩]

PJAK: 1,000[٢٠]–3,000[٢١]
TAK: A few dozen[٢٢]
Total: ≈5,000–32,800[١٩]
زەرەر و زیانە گیانییەکان
5,347 soldiers, 283 police officers and 1,466 village guards killed, 95 captured (24 currently held)[٢٣][٢٤]
Total: 7,230 killed
(Turkish claim)[٢٥][٢٦]		 Total: 27,374–34,704 killed, 1,480 captured
(Turkish claim)[٢٦][٢٧][٢٨]

Total killed: 40,000–45,000[٢٩][٣٠]

Civilian Casualties:
6,741 killed and 14,257 wounded (Turkish claim)[٢٦]
18,000–20,000 Kurds executed and 2,400–4,000+ villages destroyed by the Turkish government (Independent human rights reports and other estimates)[٣١][٣٢][٣٣][٣٤]
17,000 missing[٣٥][٣٦]

3,000,000+ displaced[٣٧]
Turkish Hezbollah also known as Kurdish Hezbollah or just Hizbullah in Turkey, is a mainly Sunni Islamist militant organization, active against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Government of Turkey.[٣٨][٣٩][٤٠][٤١][٤٢]
داڕێژە:Campaignbox Kurdish–Turkish conflictداڕێژە:Campaignbox Kurdish Rebellions in Turkey


جەنگی نێوان پەکەکە (پارتی کرێکارانی کوردستان - تورکیا) ناکۆکی و جەنگە کە لە ساڵی ١٩٨٤ەوە لەنێوانیان دەستی پێکردووە.

سەرجاوەکان

ویکیپیدیای ئینگلیزی.

پەراوێز

  1. ^ "Armenian animosity rekindled through PKK terror". Al-Monitor. 7 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  2. ^ "Ocalan: Greeks supplied Kurdish rebels". BBC News. 2 June 1999. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  3. ^ "Turkey says Greece supports PKK". Hürriyet Daily News. 1 July 1999. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  4. ^ ئ ا Faucompret, Erik; Konings, Jozef (2008). Turkish Accession to the EU: Satisfying the Copenhagen Criteria. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis. p. 168. ISBN 9780203928967. The Turkish establishment considered the Kurds' demand for the recognition of their identity a threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the more so because the PKK was supported by countries hostile to Turkey: Soviet Union, Greece, Cyprus, Iran and especially Syria. Syria hosted the organization and its leader for twenty years, and it provided training facilities in the Beka'a Valley of Syrian-controlled northern Lebanon.
  5. ^ Shapir, Yiftah (1998). The Middle East Military Balance, 1996. Jerusalem, Israel: Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Tel Aviv University. p. 114. ISBN 9780231108928. The PKK was originally established as a Marxist party, with ties to the Soviet Union
  6. ^ "Syria and Iran 'backing Kurdish terrorist group', says Turkey". The Telegraph. 3 September 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  7. ^ Bal, İdris (2004). Turkish Foreign Policy In Post Cold War Era. Boca Raton, Fl.: BrownWalker Press. p. 359. ISBN 9781581124231. With the explicit supports of some Arab countries for the PKK such as Syria...
  8. ^ Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles In Terror: The Guide To Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 185. ISBN 9780742535251. PKK has had substantial operations in northern Iraq, with the support of Iran and Syria.
  9. ^ "Terrorism Havens: Iraq". Council on Foreign Relations. December 1, 2005. Saddam has aided...the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (known by its Turkish initials, PKK), a separatist group fighting the Turkish government.
  10. ^ Ciment, James (2015), World Terrorism: An Encyclopedia of Political Violence from Ancient Times to the Post-9/11 Era, Routledge, p. 721, Other groups that have received Libyan support include the Turkish PKK...
  11. ^ "Are the PKK and Cairo new allies?". Rudaw. 27 June 2016. Cairo allegedly gave the PKK delegation funds and weapons after the second meeting, the report adds.
  12. ^ "III. International Sources of Support". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  13. ^ "PJAK attacks along Iran borders decline". PressTV. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  14. ^ "PJAK attacks along Iran borders decline". Presstv.com. Retrieved 15 April 2011.[بەستەری مردوو]
  15. ^ "NEWS FROM TURKISH ARMED FORCES". Turkish Armed Forces. Retrieved November 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  16. ^ "Turkey's Paramilitary Forces" (PDF). Orbat. 25 July 2006. p. 33.
  17. ^ "Turkey's 'village guards' tired of conflict". My Sinchew. 19 April 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2010.
  18. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری fas نەدراوە
  19. ^ ئ ا "The PKK in Numbers". Sabah News Agency. 28 December 2015.
  20. ^ ISN Kurdish strike reminder of forgotten war, 26 February 2007
  21. ^ Iran's Kurdish Threat: PJAK, 15 June 2006
  22. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری Freedom Falcons نەدراوە
  23. ^ 14 taken (May 1993),[١] 8 taken (Oct. 2007),[٢] 23 taken (2011-12),[٣] 8 released (Feb. 2015),[٤] 20 taken/released (June-Sep. 2015),[٥] 20 held (Dec. 2015),[٦] 2 taken (Jan. 2016),[٧] total of 95 reported taken
  24. ^ 20 as of Dec. 2015,[٨] 2 taken Jan. 2016,[٩] total of 22 reported currently held
  25. ^ "How many martyrs did Turkey lost?". Internethaber. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  26. ^ ئ ا ب Nearly 7,000 civilians killed by PKK in 31 years
  27. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری Turkish casualties نەدراوە
  28. ^ "Turkey counts cost of conflict as Kurdish militant battle rages on". Retrieved 16 June 2016.
  29. ^ Turkish forces kill 32 Kurdish militants in bloody weekend as conflict escalates
  30. ^ "PKK declares end to unilateral truce in Turkey". AFP. 5 November 2015.
  31. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری executions نەدراوە
  32. ^ Visweswaran, edited by Kamala (2013). Everyday occupations experiencing militarism in South Asia and the Middle East (1st ed. ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 14. ISBN 0812207831. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); |first1= has generic name (help)
  33. ^ Romano, David (2005). The Kurdish nationalist movement : opportunity, mobilization and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 81. ISBN 0521684269.
  34. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری wounded نەدراوە
  35. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری LA Times نەدراوە
  36. ^ "Turkey sees Kurdish threat in Syria unrest". Asia Times. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  37. ^ ھەڵەی ژێدەرەکان: تاگی نادروستی <ref>؛ ھیچ دەقێک بۆ ژێدەری displaced نەدراوە
  38. ^ "Turkish Hezbollah (Hizbullah) / Kurdish Hezbollah". Turkish Weekly. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  39. ^ "The real challenge to secular Turkey". The Economist. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  40. ^ Dogan, Azimet (2008). Characteristics of Turkish Hezbollah: Implications for Policy and Programs. University of Baltimore.
  41. ^ T. Nugent, John. "The Defeat of Turkish Hizballah as a Model for Counter-Terrorism Strategy". the Department of National Security Affairs. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
  42. ^ Jenkins, Gareth (2010). "A New Front in the PKK Insurgency". International Relations and Security Network (ISN). International Relations and Security Network (ISN). Retrieved 27 December 2015.
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