dbus/test_service.cc - chromium/src - Git at Google

 // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.

 #include "dbus/test_service.h"

 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>

 #include "base/bind.h"
 #include "base/bind_helpers.h"
 #include "base/guid.h"
 #include "base/message_loop/message_loop.h"
 #include "base/run_loop.h"
 #include "base/single_thread_task_runner.h"
 #include "base/test/test_timeouts.h"
 #include "base/threading/platform_thread.h"
 #include "dbus/bus.h"
 #include "dbus/exported_object.h"
 #include "dbus/message.h"
 #include "dbus/object_manager.h"
 #include "dbus/object_path.h"
 #include "dbus/property.h"

 namespace dbus {

 // Echo, SlowEcho, AsyncEcho, BrokenMethod, GetAll, Get, Set, PerformAction,
 // GetManagedObjects
 const int TestService::kNumMethodsToExport = 9;

 TestService::Options::Options()
     : request_ownership_options(Bus::REQUIRE_PRIMARY) {
 }

 TestService::Options::~Options() = default;

 TestService::TestService(const Options& options)
     : base::Thread("TestService"),
       service_name_(options.service_name),
       request_ownership_options_(options.request_ownership_options),
       dbus_task_runner_(options.dbus_task_runner),
       on_name_obtained_(base::WaitableEvent::ResetPolicy::AUTOMATIC,
                         base::WaitableEvent::InitialState::NOT_SIGNALED),
       num_exported_methods_(0),
       send_immediate_properties_changed_(false),
       has_ownership_(false),
       exported_object_(nullptr),
       exported_object_manager_(nullptr) {
   if (service_name_.empty()) {
     service_name_ = "org.chromium.TestService-" + base::GenerateGUID();
   }
 }

 TestService::~TestService() {
   Stop();
 }

 bool TestService::StartService() {
   base::Thread::Options thread_options;
   thread_options.message_loop_type = base::MessageLoop::TYPE_IO;
   return StartWithOptions(thread_options);
 }

 bool TestService::WaitUntilServiceIsStarted() {
   const base::TimeDelta timeout(TestTimeouts::action_max_timeout());
   // Wait until the ownership of the service name is obtained.
   return on_name_obtained_.TimedWait(timeout);
 }

 void TestService::ShutdownAndBlock() {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::ShutdownAndBlockInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this)));
 }

 bool TestService::HasDBusThread() {
   return bus_->HasDBusThread();
 }

 void TestService::ShutdownAndBlockInternal() {
   if (HasDBusThread())
     bus_->ShutdownOnDBusThreadAndBlock();
   else
     bus_->ShutdownAndBlock();
 }

 void TestService::SendTestSignal(const std::string& message) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::SendTestSignalInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), message));
 }

 void TestService::SendTestSignalFromRoot(const std::string& message) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::SendTestSignalFromRootInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), message));
 }

 void TestService::SendTestSignalInternal(const std::string& message) {
   Signal signal("org.chromium.TestInterface", "Test");
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);
   writer.AppendString(message);
   exported_object_->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 void TestService::SendTestSignalFromRootInternal(const std::string& message) {
   Signal signal("org.chromium.TestInterface", "Test");
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);
   writer.AppendString(message);

   bus_->RequestOwnership(service_name_, request_ownership_options_,
                          base::Bind(&TestService::OnOwnership,
                                     base::Unretained(this), base::DoNothing()));

   // Use "/" just like dbus-send does.
   ExportedObject* root_object = bus_->GetExportedObject(ObjectPath("/"));
   root_object->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 void TestService::RequestOwnership(base::Callback<void(bool)> callback) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::RequestOwnershipInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), callback));
 }

 void TestService::RequestOwnershipInternal(
     base::Callback<void(bool)> callback) {
   bus_->RequestOwnership(service_name_,
                          request_ownership_options_,
                          base::Bind(&TestService::OnOwnership,
                                     base::Unretained(this),
                                     callback));
 }

 void TestService::OnOwnership(base::Callback<void(bool)> callback,
                               const std::string& service_name,
                               bool success) {
   has_ownership_ = success;
   LOG_IF(ERROR, !success) << "Failed to own: " << service_name;
   callback.Run(success);

   on_name_obtained_.Signal();
 }

 void TestService::ReleaseOwnership(base::Closure callback) {
   bus_->GetDBusTaskRunner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE,
       base::Bind(&TestService::ReleaseOwnershipInternal,
                  base::Unretained(this),
                  callback));
 }

 void TestService::ReleaseOwnershipInternal(
     base::Closure callback) {
   bus_->ReleaseOwnership(service_name_);
   has_ownership_ = false;

   bus_->GetOriginTaskRunner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE,
       callback);
 }

 void TestService::SetSendImmediatePropertiesChanged() {
   send_immediate_properties_changed_ = true;
 }

 void TestService::OnExported(const std::string& interface_name,
                              const std::string& method_name,
                              bool success) {
   if (!success) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to export: " << interface_name << "."
                << method_name;
     // Returning here will make WaitUntilServiceIsStarted() to time out
     // and return false.
     return;
   }

   ++num_exported_methods_;
   if (num_exported_methods_ == kNumMethodsToExport) {
     // As documented in exported_object.h, the service name should be
     // requested after all methods are exposed.
     bus_->RequestOwnership(
         service_name_, request_ownership_options_,
         base::Bind(&TestService::OnOwnership, base::Unretained(this),
                    base::DoNothing()));
   }
 }

 void TestService::Run(base::RunLoop* run_loop) {
   Bus::Options bus_options;
   bus_options.bus_type = Bus::SESSION;
   bus_options.connection_type = Bus::PRIVATE;
   bus_options.dbus_task_runner = dbus_task_runner_;
   bus_ = new Bus(bus_options);

   exported_object_ = bus_->GetExportedObject(
       ObjectPath("/org/chromium/TestObject"));

   int num_methods = 0;
   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
       "org.chromium.TestInterface",
       "Echo",
       base::Bind(&TestService::Echo,
                  base::Unretained(this)),
       base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                  base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
       "org.chromium.TestInterface",
       "SlowEcho",
       base::Bind(&TestService::SlowEcho,
                  base::Unretained(this)),
       base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                  base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
       "org.chromium.TestInterface",
       "AsyncEcho",
       base::Bind(&TestService::AsyncEcho,
                  base::Unretained(this)),
       base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                  base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
       "org.chromium.TestInterface",
       "BrokenMethod",
       base::Bind(&TestService::BrokenMethod,
                  base::Unretained(this)),
       base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                  base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
       "org.chromium.TestInterface",
       "PerformAction",
       base::Bind(&TestService::PerformAction,
                  base::Unretained(this)),
       base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                  base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
        kPropertiesInterface,
        kPropertiesGetAll,
        base::Bind(&TestService::GetAllProperties,
                   base::Unretained(this)),
        base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                   base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
        kPropertiesInterface,
        kPropertiesGet,
        base::Bind(&TestService::GetProperty,
                   base::Unretained(this)),
        base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                   base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_->ExportMethod(
        kPropertiesInterface,
        kPropertiesSet,
        base::Bind(&TestService::SetProperty,
                   base::Unretained(this)),
        base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                   base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   exported_object_manager_ = bus_->GetExportedObject(
       ObjectPath("/org/chromium/TestService"));

   exported_object_manager_->ExportMethod(
        kObjectManagerInterface,
        kObjectManagerGetManagedObjects,
        base::Bind(&TestService::GetManagedObjects,
                   base::Unretained(this)),
        base::Bind(&TestService::OnExported,
                   base::Unretained(this)));
   ++num_methods;

   // Just print an error message as we don't want to crash tests.
   // Tests will fail at a call to WaitUntilServiceIsStarted().
   if (num_methods != kNumMethodsToExport) {
     LOG(ERROR) << "The number of methods does not match";
   }
   run_loop->Run();
 }

 void TestService::Echo(MethodCall* method_call,
                        ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   MessageReader reader(method_call);
   std::string text_message;
   if (!reader.PopString(&text_message)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
   MessageWriter writer(response.get());
   writer.AppendString(text_message);
   response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
 }

 void TestService::SlowEcho(MethodCall* method_call,
                            ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   base::PlatformThread::Sleep(TestTimeouts::tiny_timeout());
   Echo(method_call, response_sender);
 }

 void TestService::AsyncEcho(MethodCall* method_call,
                             ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   // Schedule a call to Echo() to send an asynchronous response after we return.
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostDelayedTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::Echo, base::Unretained(this),
                             method_call, response_sender),
       TestTimeouts::tiny_timeout());
 }

 void TestService::BrokenMethod(MethodCall* method_call,
                                ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
 }


 void TestService::GetAllProperties(
     MethodCall* method_call,
     ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   MessageReader reader(method_call);
   std::string interface;
   if (!reader.PopString(&interface)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
   MessageWriter writer(response.get());

   AddPropertiesToWriter(&writer);

   response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
 }

 void TestService::GetProperty(MethodCall* method_call,
                               ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   MessageReader reader(method_call);
   std::string interface;
   if (!reader.PopString(&interface)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   std::string name;
   if (!reader.PopString(&name)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   if (name == "Name") {
     // Return the previous value for the "Name" property:
     // Variant<"TestService">
     std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
     MessageWriter writer(response.get());

     writer.AppendVariantOfString("TestService");

     response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
   } else if (name == "Version") {
     // Return a new value for the "Version" property:
     // Variant<20>
     std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
     MessageWriter writer(response.get());

     writer.AppendVariantOfInt16(20);

     response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
   } else if (name == "Methods") {
     // Return the previous value for the "Methods" property:
     // Variant<["Echo", "SlowEcho", "AsyncEcho", "BrokenMethod"]>
     std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
     MessageWriter writer(response.get());
     MessageWriter variant_writer(nullptr);
     MessageWriter variant_array_writer(nullptr);

     writer.OpenVariant("as", &variant_writer);
     variant_writer.OpenArray("s", &variant_array_writer);
     variant_array_writer.AppendString("Echo");
     variant_array_writer.AppendString("SlowEcho");
     variant_array_writer.AppendString("AsyncEcho");
     variant_array_writer.AppendString("BrokenMethod");
     variant_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_array_writer);
     writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);

     response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
   } else if (name == "Objects") {
     // Return the previous value for the "Objects" property:
     // Variant<[objectpath:"/TestObjectPath"]>
     std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
     MessageWriter writer(response.get());
     MessageWriter variant_writer(nullptr);
     MessageWriter variant_array_writer(nullptr);

     writer.OpenVariant("ao", &variant_writer);
     variant_writer.OpenArray("o", &variant_array_writer);
     variant_array_writer.AppendObjectPath(ObjectPath("/TestObjectPath"));
     variant_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_array_writer);
     writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);

     response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
   } else if (name == "Bytes") {
     // Return the previous value for the "Bytes" property:
     // Variant<[0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74]>
     std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
     MessageWriter writer(response.get());
     MessageWriter variant_writer(nullptr);
     MessageWriter variant_array_writer(nullptr);

     writer.OpenVariant("ay", &variant_writer);
     const uint8_t bytes[] = {0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74};
     variant_writer.AppendArrayOfBytes(bytes, sizeof(bytes));
     writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);

     response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
   } else {
     // Return error.
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }
 }

 void TestService::SetProperty(MethodCall* method_call,
                               ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   MessageReader reader(method_call);
   std::string interface;
   if (!reader.PopString(&interface)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   std::string name;
   if (!reader.PopString(&name)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   if (name != "Name") {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   std::string value;
   if (!reader.PopVariantOfString(&value)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   SendPropertyChangedSignal(value);

   response_sender.Run(Response::FromMethodCall(method_call));
 }

 void TestService::PerformAction(
       MethodCall* method_call,
       ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   MessageReader reader(method_call);
   std::string action;
   ObjectPath object_path;
   if (!reader.PopString(&action) || !reader.PopObjectPath(&object_path)) {
     response_sender.Run(std::unique_ptr<Response>());
     return;
   }

   if (action == "AddObject") {
     AddObject(object_path);
   } else if (action == "RemoveObject") {
     RemoveObject(object_path);
   } else if (action == "SetSendImmediatePropertiesChanged") {
     SetSendImmediatePropertiesChanged();
   } else if (action == "ReleaseOwnership") {
     ReleaseOwnership(base::Bind(&TestService::PerformActionResponse,
                                 base::Unretained(this),
                                 method_call, response_sender));
     return;
   } else if (action == "Ownership") {
     ReleaseOwnership(base::Bind(&TestService::OwnershipReleased,
                                 base::Unretained(this),
                                 method_call, response_sender));
     return;
   } else if (action == "InvalidateProperty") {
     SendPropertyInvalidatedSignal();
   }

   std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
   response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
 }

 void TestService::PerformActionResponse(
     MethodCall* method_call,
     ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
   response_sender.Run(std::move(response));
 }

 void TestService::OwnershipReleased(
     MethodCall* method_call,
     ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   RequestOwnership(base::Bind(&TestService::OwnershipRegained,
                               base::Unretained(this),
                               method_call, response_sender));
 }


 void TestService::OwnershipRegained(
     MethodCall* method_call,
     ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender,
     bool success) {
   PerformActionResponse(method_call, response_sender);
 }


 void TestService::GetManagedObjects(
     MethodCall* method_call,
     ExportedObject::ResponseSender response_sender) {
   std::unique_ptr<Response> response = Response::FromMethodCall(method_call);
   MessageWriter writer(response.get());

   // The managed objects response is a dictionary of object paths identifying
   // the object(s) with a dictionary of strings identifying the interface(s)
   // they implement and then a dictionary of property values.
   //
   // Thus this looks something like:
   //
   // {
   //   "/org/chromium/TestObject": {
   //     "org.chromium.TestInterface": { /* Properties */ }
   //   }
   // }


   MessageWriter array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter dict_entry_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter object_array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter object_dict_entry_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("{oa{sa{sv}}}", &array_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendObjectPath(ObjectPath("/org/chromium/TestObject"));
   dict_entry_writer.OpenArray("{sa{sv}}", &object_array_writer);

   object_array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&object_dict_entry_writer);
   object_dict_entry_writer.AppendString("org.chromium.TestInterface");
   AddPropertiesToWriter(&object_dict_entry_writer);
   object_array_writer.CloseContainer(&object_dict_entry_writer);

   dict_entry_writer.CloseContainer(&object_array_writer);

   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);
   writer.CloseContainer(&array_writer);

   response_sender.Run(std::move(response));

   if (send_immediate_properties_changed_)
     SendPropertyChangedSignal("ChangedTestServiceName");
 }

 void TestService::AddPropertiesToWriter(MessageWriter* writer) {
   // The properties response is a dictionary of strings identifying the
   // property and a variant containing the property value. We return all
   // of the properties, thus the response is:
   //
   // {
   //   "Name": Variant<"TestService">,
   //   "Version": Variant<10>,
   //   "Methods": Variant<["Echo", "SlowEcho", "AsyncEcho", "BrokenMethod"]>,
   //   "Objects": Variant<[objectpath:"/TestObjectPath"]>
   //   "Bytes": Variant<[0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74]>
   // }

   MessageWriter array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter dict_entry_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter variant_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter variant_array_writer(nullptr);

   writer->OpenArray("{sv}", &array_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Name");
   dict_entry_writer.AppendVariantOfString("TestService");
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Version");
   dict_entry_writer.AppendVariantOfInt16(10);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Methods");
   dict_entry_writer.OpenVariant("as", &variant_writer);
   variant_writer.OpenArray("s", &variant_array_writer);
   variant_array_writer.AppendString("Echo");
   variant_array_writer.AppendString("SlowEcho");
   variant_array_writer.AppendString("AsyncEcho");
   variant_array_writer.AppendString("BrokenMethod");
   variant_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_array_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Objects");
   dict_entry_writer.OpenVariant("ao", &variant_writer);
   variant_writer.OpenArray("o", &variant_array_writer);
   variant_array_writer.AppendObjectPath(ObjectPath("/TestObjectPath"));
   variant_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_array_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);

   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Bytes");
   dict_entry_writer.OpenVariant("ay", &variant_writer);
   const uint8_t bytes[] = {0x54, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74};
   variant_writer.AppendArrayOfBytes(bytes, sizeof(bytes));
   dict_entry_writer.CloseContainer(&variant_writer);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);

   writer->CloseContainer(&array_writer);
 }

 void TestService::AddObject(const ObjectPath& object_path) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::AddObjectInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), object_path));
 }

 void TestService::AddObjectInternal(const ObjectPath& object_path) {
   Signal signal(kObjectManagerInterface, kObjectManagerInterfacesAdded);
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);
   writer.AppendObjectPath(object_path);

   MessageWriter array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter dict_entry_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("{sa{sv}}", &array_writer);
   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("org.chromium.TestInterface");
   AddPropertiesToWriter(&dict_entry_writer);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);
   writer.CloseContainer(&array_writer);

   exported_object_manager_->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 void TestService::RemoveObject(const ObjectPath& object_path) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::RemoveObjectInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), object_path));
 }

 void TestService::RemoveObjectInternal(const ObjectPath& object_path) {
   Signal signal(kObjectManagerInterface, kObjectManagerInterfacesRemoved);
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);

   writer.AppendObjectPath(object_path);

   std::vector<std::string> interfaces;
   interfaces.push_back("org.chromium.TestInterface");
   writer.AppendArrayOfStrings(interfaces);

   exported_object_manager_->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 void TestService::SendPropertyChangedSignal(const std::string& name) {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::SendPropertyChangedSignalInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this), name));
 }

 void TestService::SendPropertyChangedSignalInternal(const std::string& name) {
   Signal signal(kPropertiesInterface, kPropertiesChanged);
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);
   writer.AppendString("org.chromium.TestInterface");

   MessageWriter array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter dict_entry_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("{sv}", &array_writer);
   array_writer.OpenDictEntry(&dict_entry_writer);
   dict_entry_writer.AppendString("Name");
   dict_entry_writer.AppendVariantOfString(name);
   array_writer.CloseContainer(&dict_entry_writer);
   writer.CloseContainer(&array_writer);

   MessageWriter invalidated_array_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("s", &invalidated_array_writer);
   writer.CloseContainer(&invalidated_array_writer);

   exported_object_->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 void TestService::SendPropertyInvalidatedSignal() {
   message_loop()->task_runner()->PostTask(
       FROM_HERE, base::Bind(&TestService::SendPropertyInvalidatedSignalInternal,
                             base::Unretained(this)));
 }

 void TestService::SendPropertyInvalidatedSignalInternal() {
   Signal signal(kPropertiesInterface, kPropertiesChanged);
   MessageWriter writer(&signal);
   writer.AppendString("org.chromium.TestInterface");

   MessageWriter array_writer(nullptr);
   MessageWriter dict_entry_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("{sv}", &array_writer);
   writer.CloseContainer(&array_writer);

   MessageWriter invalidated_array_writer(nullptr);

   writer.OpenArray("s", &invalidated_array_writer);
   invalidated_array_writer.AppendString("Name");
   writer.CloseContainer(&invalidated_array_writer);

   exported_object_->SendSignal(&signal);
 }

 }  // namespace dbus