url/origin.h - chromium/src - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors
 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 // found in the LICENSE file.

 #ifndef URL_ORIGIN_H_
 #define URL_ORIGIN_H_

 #include <stdint.h>

 #include <memory>
 #include <string>

 #include "base/component_export.h"
 #include "base/debug/alias.h"
 #include "base/debug/crash_logging.h"
 #include "base/gtest_prod_util.h"
 #include "base/strings/string_piece_forward.h"
 #include "base/strings/string_util.h"
 #include "base/unguessable_token.h"
 #include "build/build_config.h"
 #include "build/buildflag.h"
 #include "third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "third_party/perfetto/include/perfetto/tracing/traced_value_forward.h"
 #include "url/scheme_host_port.h"

 #if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)
 #include <jni.h>

 namespace base {
 namespace android {
 template <typename>
 class ScopedJavaLocalRef;
 template <typename>
 class JavaRef;
 }  // namespace android
 }  // namespace base
 #endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)

 class GURL;

 namespace blink {
 class SecurityOrigin;
 class SecurityOriginTest;
 class StorageKey;
 class StorageKeyTest;
 }  // namespace blink

 namespace IPC {
 template <class P>
 struct ParamTraits;
 }  // namespace IPC

 namespace ipc_fuzzer {
 template <class T>
 struct FuzzTraits;
 }  // namespace ipc_fuzzer

 namespace mojo {
 template <typename DataViewType, typename T>
 struct StructTraits;
 struct UrlOriginAdapter;
 }  // namespace mojo

 namespace net {
 class SchemefulSite;
 }  // namespace net

 namespace url {

 namespace mojom {
 class OriginDataView;
 }  // namespace mojom

 // Per https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#origin, an origin is
 // either:
 // - a tuple origin of (scheme, host, port) as described in RFC 6454.
 // - an opaque origin with an internal value, and a memory of the tuple origin
 //   from which it was derived.
 //
 // TL;DR: If you need to make a security-relevant decision, use 'url::Origin'.
 // If you only need to extract the bits of a URL which are relevant for a
 // network connection, use 'url::SchemeHostPort'.
 //
 // STL;SDR: If you aren't making actual network connections, use 'url::Origin'.
 //
 // This class ought to be used when code needs to determine if two resources
 // are "same-origin", and when a canonical serialization of an origin is
 // required. Note that the canonical serialization of an origin *must not* be
 // used to determine if two resources are same-origin.
 //
 // A tuple origin, like 'SchemeHostPort', is composed of a tuple of (scheme,
 // host, port), but contains a number of additional concepts which make it
 // appropriate for use as a security boundary and access control mechanism
 // between contexts. Two tuple origins are same-origin if the tuples are equal.
 // A tuple origin may also be re-created from its serialization.
 //
 // An opaque origin has an internal globally unique identifier. When creating a
 // new opaque origin from a URL, a fresh globally unique identifier is
 // generated. However, if an opaque origin is copied or moved, the internal
 // globally unique identifier is preserved. Two opaque origins are same-origin
 // iff the globally unique identifiers match. Unlike tuple origins, an opaque
 // origin cannot be re-created from its serialization, which is always the
 // string "null".
 //
 // IMPORTANT: Since opaque origins always serialize as the string "null", it is
 // *never* safe to use the serialization for security checks!
 //
 // A tuple origin and an opaque origin are never same-origin.
 //
 // There are a few subtleties to note:
 //
 // * A default constructed Origin is opaque, with no precursor origin.
 //
 // * Invalid and non-standard GURLs are parsed as opaque origins. This includes
 //   non-hierarchical URLs like 'data:text/html,...' and 'javascript:alert(1)'.
 //
 // * GURLs with schemes of 'filesystem' or 'blob' parse the origin out of the
 //   internals of the URL. That is, 'filesystem:https://example.com/temporary/f'
 //   is parsed as ('https', 'example.com', 443).
 //
 // * GURLs with a 'file' scheme are tricky. They are parsed as ('file', '', 0),
 //   but their behavior may differ from embedder to embedder.
 //   TODO(dcheng): This behavior is not consistent with Blink's notion of file
 //   URLs, which always creates an opaque origin.
 //
 // * The host component of an IPv6 address includes brackets, just like the URL
 //   representation.
 //
 // * Constructing origins from GURLs (or from SchemeHostPort) is typically a red
 //   flag (this is true for `url::Origin::Create` but also to some extent for
 //   `url::Origin::Resolve`). See docs/security/origin-vs-url.md for more.
 //
 // * To answer the question "Are |this| and |that| "same-origin" with each
 //   other?", use |Origin::IsSameOriginWith|:
 //
 //     if (this.IsSameOriginWith(that)) {
 //       // Amazingness goes here.
 //     }
 class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) Origin {
  public:
   // Creates an opaque Origin with a nonce that is different from all previously
   // existing origins.
   Origin();

   // WARNING: Converting an URL into an Origin is usually a red flag. See
   // //docs/security/origin-vs-url.md for more details. Some discussion about
   // deprecating the Create method can be found in https://crbug.com/1270878.
   //
   // Creates an Origin from `url`, as described at
   // https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin, with the following additions:
   // 1. If `url` is invalid or non-standard, an opaque Origin is constructed.
   // 2. 'filesystem' URLs behave as 'blob' URLs (that is, the origin is parsed
   //    out of everything in the URL which follows the scheme).
   // 3. 'file' URLs all parse as ("file", "", 0).
   //
   // WARNING: `url::Origin::Create(url)` can give unexpected results if:
   // 1) `url` is "about:blank", or "about:srcdoc" (returning unique, opaque
   //    origin rather than the real origin of the frame)
   // 2) `url` comes from a sandboxed frame (potentially returning a non-opaque
   //    origin, when an opaque one is needed; see also
   //    https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/sandboxed-iframes/)
   // 3) Wrong `url` is used - e.g. in some navigations `base_url_for_data_url`
   //    might need to be used instead of relying on
   //    `content::NavigationHandle::GetURL`.
   //
   // WARNING: The returned Origin may have a different scheme and host from
   // `url` (e.g. in case of blob URLs - see OriginTest.ConstructFromGURL).
   //
   // WARNING: data: URLs will be correctly be translated into opaque origins,
   // but the precursor origin will be lost (unlike with `url::Origin::Resolve`).
   static Origin Create(const GURL& url);

   // Creates an Origin for the resource `url` as if it were requested
   // from the context of `base_origin`. If `url` is standard
   // (in the sense that it embeds a complete origin, like http/https),
   // this returns the same value as would Create().
   //
   // If `url` is "about:blank" or "about:srcdoc", this returns a copy of
   // `base_origin`.
   //
   // Otherwise, returns a new opaque origin derived from `base_origin`.
   // In this case, the resulting opaque origin will inherit the tuple
   // (or precursor tuple) of `base_origin`, but will not be same origin
   // with `base_origin`, even if `base_origin` is already opaque.
   static Origin Resolve(const GURL& url, const Origin& base_origin);

   // Copyable and movable.
   Origin(const Origin&);
   Origin& operator=(const Origin&);
   Origin(Origin&&) noexcept;
   Origin& operator=(Origin&&) noexcept;

   // Creates an Origin from a |scheme|, |host|, and |port|. All the parameters
   // must be valid and canonicalized. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not
   // canonical, or if all the parameters are empty.
   //
   // This constructor should be used in order to pass 'Origin' objects back and
   // forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk potentially
   // dangerous recanonicalization); other potential callers should prefer the
   // 'GURL'-based constructor.
   static absl::optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateTupleOriginWithoutNormalization(
       base::StringPiece scheme,
       base::StringPiece host,
       uint16_t port);

   // Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
   // This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
   // and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
   // operators to avoid copies.
   static Origin CreateFromNormalizedTuple(std::string scheme,
                                           std::string host,
                                           uint16_t port);

   ~Origin();

   // For opaque origins, these return ("", "", 0).
   const std::string& scheme() const {
     return !opaque() ? tuple_.scheme() : base::EmptyString();
   }
   const std::string& host() const {
     return !opaque() ? tuple_.host() : base::EmptyString();
   }
   uint16_t port() const { return !opaque() ? tuple_.port() : 0; }

   bool opaque() const { return nonce_.has_value(); }

   // An ASCII serialization of the Origin as per Section 6.2 of RFC 6454, with
   // the addition that all Origins with a 'file' scheme serialize to "file://".
   std::string Serialize() const;

   // Two non-opaque Origins are "same-origin" if their schemes, hosts, and ports
   // are exact matches. Two opaque origins are same-origin only if their
   // internal nonce values match. A non-opaque origin is never same-origin with
   // an opaque origin.
   bool IsSameOriginWith(const Origin& other) const;
   bool operator==(const Origin& other) const { return IsSameOriginWith(other); }
   bool operator!=(const Origin& other) const {
     return !IsSameOriginWith(other);
   }

   // Non-opaque origin is "same-origin" with `url` if their schemes, hosts, and
   // ports are exact matches. Opaque origin is never "same-origin" with any
   // `url`.  about:blank, about:srcdoc, and invalid GURLs are never
   // "same-origin" with any origin. This method is a shorthand for
   // `origin.IsSameOriginWith(url::Origin::Create(url))`.
   //
   // See also CanBeDerivedFrom.
   bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& url) const;

   // This method returns true for any |url| which if navigated to could result
   // in an origin compatible with |this|.
   bool CanBeDerivedFrom(const GURL& url) const;

   // Get the scheme, host, and port from which this origin derives. For
   // a tuple Origin, this gives the same values as calling scheme(), host()
   // and port(). For an opaque Origin that was created by calling
   // Origin::DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() on a precursor or Origin::Resolve(),
   // this returns the tuple inherited from the precursor.
   //
   // If this Origin is opaque and was created via the default constructor or
   // Origin::Create(), the precursor origin is unknown.
   //
   // Use with great caution: opaque origins should generally not inherit
   // privileges from the origins they derive from. However, in some cases
   // (such as restrictions on process placement, or determining the http lock
   // icon) this information may be relevant to ensure that entering an
   // opaque origin does not grant privileges initially denied to the original
   // non-opaque origin.
   //
   // This method has a deliberately obnoxious name to prompt caution in its use.
   const SchemeHostPort& GetTupleOrPrecursorTupleIfOpaque() const {
     return tuple_;
   }

   // Efficiently returns what GURL(Serialize()) would without re-parsing the
   // URL. This can be used for the (rare) times a GURL representation is needed
   // for an Origin.
   // Note: The returned URL will not necessarily be serialized to the same value
   // as the Origin would. The GURL will have an added "/" path for Origins with
   // valid SchemeHostPorts and file Origins.
   //
   // Try not to use this method under normal circumstances, as it loses type
   // information. Downstream consumers can mistake the returned GURL with a full
   // URL (e.g. with a path component).
   GURL GetURL() const;

   // Same as GURL::DomainIs. If |this| origin is opaque, then returns false.
   bool DomainIs(base::StringPiece canonical_domain) const;

   // Allows Origin to be used as a key in STL (for example, a std::set or
   // std::map).
   bool operator<(const Origin& other) const;

   // Creates a new opaque origin that is guaranteed to be cross-origin to all
   // currently existing origins. An origin created by this method retains its
   // identity across copies. Copies are guaranteed to be same-origin to each
   // other, e.g.
   //
   //   url::Origin page = Origin::Create(GURL("http://example.com"))
   //   url::Origin a = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
   //   url::Origin b = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
   //   url::Origin c = a;
   //   url::Origin d = b;
   //
   // |a| and |c| are same-origin, since |c| was copied from |a|. |b| and |d| are
   // same-origin as well, since |d| was copied from |b|. All other combinations
   // of origins are considered cross-origin, e.g. |a| is cross-origin to |b| and
   // |d|, |b| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|, |c| is cross-origin to |b| and
   // |d|, and |d| is cross-origin to |a| and |c|.
   Origin DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() const;

   // Creates a string representation of the object that can be used for logging
   // and debugging. It serializes the internal state, such as the nonce value
   // and precursor information.
   std::string GetDebugString(bool include_nonce = true) const;

 #if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)
   base::android::ScopedJavaLocalRef<jobject> CreateJavaObject() const;
   static Origin FromJavaObject(
       const base::android::JavaRef<jobject>& java_origin);
   static jlong CreateNative(JNIEnv* env,
                             const base::android::JavaRef<jstring>& java_scheme,
                             const base::android::JavaRef<jstring>& java_host,
                             uint16_t port,
                             bool is_opaque,
                             uint64_t tokenHighBits,
                             uint64_t tokenLowBits);
 #endif  // BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)

   void WriteIntoTrace(perfetto::TracedValue context) const;

  private:
   friend class blink::SecurityOrigin;
   friend class blink::SecurityOriginTest;
   friend class blink::StorageKey;
   // SchemefulSite needs access to the serialization/deserialization logic which
   // includes the nonce.
   friend class net::SchemefulSite;
   friend class OriginTest;
   friend struct mojo::UrlOriginAdapter;
   friend struct ipc_fuzzer::FuzzTraits<Origin>;
   friend struct mojo::StructTraits<url::mojom::OriginDataView, url::Origin>;
   friend IPC::ParamTraits<url::Origin>;
   friend COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
                                                         const Origin& origin);
   friend class blink::StorageKeyTest;

   // Origin::Nonce is a wrapper around base::UnguessableToken that generates
   // the random value only when the value is first accessed. The lazy generation
   // allows Origin to be default-constructed quickly, without spending time
   // in random number generation.
   //
   // TODO(nick): Should this optimization move into UnguessableToken, once it no
   // longer treats the Null case specially?
   class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) Nonce {
    public:
     // Creates a nonce to hold a newly-generated UnguessableToken. The actual
     // token value will be generated lazily.
     Nonce();

     // Creates a nonce to hold an already-generated UnguessableToken value. This
     // constructor should only be used for IPC serialization and testing --
     // regular code should never need to touch the UnguessableTokens directly,
     // and the default constructor is faster.
     explicit Nonce(const base::UnguessableToken& token);

     // Accessor, which lazily initializes the underlying |token_| member.
     const base::UnguessableToken& token() const;

     // Do not use in cases where lazy initialization is expected! This
     // accessor does not initialize the |token_| member.
     const base::UnguessableToken& raw_token() const;

     // Copyable and movable. Copying a Nonce triggers lazy-initialization,
     // moving it does not.
     Nonce(const Nonce&);
     Nonce& operator=(const Nonce&);
     Nonce(Nonce&&) noexcept;
     Nonce& operator=(Nonce&&) noexcept;

     // Note that operator<, used by maps type containers, will trigger |token_|
     // lazy-initialization. Equality comparisons do not.
     bool operator<(const Nonce& other) const;
     bool operator==(const Nonce& other) const;
     bool operator!=(const Nonce& other) const;

    private:
     friend class OriginTest;

     // mutable to support lazy generation.
     mutable base::UnguessableToken token_;
   };

   // This needs to be friended within Origin as well, since Nonce is a private
   // nested class of Origin.
   friend COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
                                                         const Nonce& nonce);

   // Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
   // This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
   // and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
   // operators to avoid copies.
   static Origin CreateOpaqueFromNormalizedPrecursorTuple(
       std::string precursor_scheme,
       std::string precursor_host,
       uint16_t precursor_port,
       const Nonce& nonce);

   // Creates an opaque Origin with the identity given by |nonce|, and an
   // optional precursor origin given by |precursor_scheme|, |precursor_host| and
   // |precursor_port|. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not canonical. When
   // the precursor is unknown, the precursor parameters should be ("", "", 0).
   //
   // This factory method should be used in order to pass opaque Origin objects
   // back and forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk
   // potentially dangerous recanonicalization).
   static absl::optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateOpaqueOriginWithoutNormalization(
       base::StringPiece precursor_scheme,
       base::StringPiece precursor_host,
       uint16_t precursor_port,
       const Nonce& nonce);

   // Constructs a non-opaque tuple origin. |tuple| must be valid.
   explicit Origin(SchemeHostPort tuple);

   // Constructs an opaque origin derived from the |precursor| tuple, with the
   // given |nonce|.
   Origin(const Nonce& nonce, SchemeHostPort precursor);

   // Get the nonce associated with this origin, if it is opaque, or nullptr
   // otherwise. This should be used only when trying to send an Origin across an
   // IPC pipe.
   const base::UnguessableToken* GetNonceForSerialization() const;

   // Serializes this Origin, including its nonce if it is opaque. If an opaque
   // origin's |tuple_| is invalid nullopt is returned. If the nonce is not
   // initialized, a nonce of 0 is used. Use of this method should be limited as
   // an opaque origin will never be matchable in future browser sessions.
   absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonce() const;

   // Like SerializeWithNonce(), but forces |nonce_| to be initialized prior to
   // serializing.
   absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonceAndInitIfNeeded();

   absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonceImpl() const;

   // Deserializes an origin from |ToValueWithNonce|. Returns nullopt if the
   // value was invalid in any way.
   static absl::optional<Origin> Deserialize(const std::string& value);

   // The tuple is used for both tuple origins (e.g. https://example.com:80), as
   // well as for opaque origins, where it tracks the tuple origin from which
   // the opaque origin was initially derived (we call this the "precursor"
   // origin).
   SchemeHostPort tuple_;

   // The nonce is used for maintaining identity of an opaque origin. This
   // nonce is preserved when an opaque origin is copied or moved. An Origin
   // is considered opaque if and only if |nonce_| holds a value.
   absl::optional<Nonce> nonce_;
 };

 // Pretty-printers for logging. These expose the internal state of the nonce.
 COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL)
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin& origin);
 COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL)
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin::Nonce& origin);

 COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& a, const GURL& b);

 // DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) copies `origin` into a new
 // stack-allocated variable named `<var_name>`. This helps ensure that the
 // value of `origin` gets preserved in crash dumps.
 #define DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) \
   DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_CSTR(var_name, (origin).Serialize().c_str(), 128)

 namespace debug {

 class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) ScopedOriginCrashKey {
  public:
   ScopedOriginCrashKey(base::debug::CrashKeyString* crash_key,
                        const url::Origin* value);
   ~ScopedOriginCrashKey();

   ScopedOriginCrashKey(const ScopedOriginCrashKey&) = delete;
   ScopedOriginCrashKey& operator=(const ScopedOriginCrashKey&) = delete;

  private:
   base::debug::ScopedCrashKeyString scoped_string_value_;
 };

 }  // namespace debug

 }  // namespace url

 #endif  // URL_ORIGIN_H_
	// Copyright 2015 The Chromium Authors
	// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
	// found in the LICENSE file.

	#ifndef URL_ORIGIN_H_
	#define URL_ORIGIN_H_

	#include <stdint.h>

	#include <memory>
	#include <string>

	#include "base/component_export.h"
	#include "base/debug/alias.h"
	#include "base/debug/crash_logging.h"
	#include "base/gtest_prod_util.h"
	#include "base/strings/string_piece_forward.h"
	#include "base/strings/string_util.h"
	#include "base/unguessable_token.h"
	#include "build/build_config.h"
	#include "build/buildflag.h"
	#include "third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/types/optional.h"
	#include "third_party/perfetto/include/perfetto/tracing/traced_value_forward.h"
	#include "url/scheme_host_port.h"

	#if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)
	#include <jni.h>

	namespace base {
	namespace android {
	template <typename>
	class ScopedJavaLocalRef;
	template <typename>
	class JavaRef;
	} // namespace android
	} // namespace base
	#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)

	class GURL;

	namespace blink {
	class SecurityOrigin;
	class SecurityOriginTest;
	class StorageKey;
	class StorageKeyTest;
	} // namespace blink

	namespace IPC {
	template <class P>
	struct ParamTraits;
	} // namespace IPC

	namespace ipc_fuzzer {
	template <class T>
	struct FuzzTraits;
	} // namespace ipc_fuzzer

	namespace mojo {
	template <typename DataViewType, typename T>
	struct StructTraits;
	struct UrlOriginAdapter;
	} // namespace mojo

	namespace net {
	class SchemefulSite;
	} // namespace net

	namespace url {

	namespace mojom {
	class OriginDataView;
	} // namespace mojom

	// Per https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/origin.html#origin, an origin is
	// either:
	// - a tuple origin of (scheme, host, port) as described in RFC 6454.
	// - an opaque origin with an internal value, and a memory of the tuple origin
	// from which it was derived.
	//
	// TL;DR: If you need to make a security-relevant decision, use 'url::Origin'.
	// If you only need to extract the bits of a URL which are relevant for a
	// network connection, use 'url::SchemeHostPort'.
	//
	// STL;SDR: If you aren't making actual network connections, use 'url::Origin'.
	//
	// This class ought to be used when code needs to determine if two resources
	// are "same-origin", and when a canonical serialization of an origin is
	// required. Note that the canonical serialization of an origin must not be
	// used to determine if two resources are same-origin.
	//
	// A tuple origin, like 'SchemeHostPort', is composed of a tuple of (scheme,
	// host, port), but contains a number of additional concepts which make it
	// appropriate for use as a security boundary and access control mechanism
	// between contexts. Two tuple origins are same-origin if the tuples are equal.
	// A tuple origin may also be re-created from its serialization.
	//
	// An opaque origin has an internal globally unique identifier. When creating a
	// new opaque origin from a URL, a fresh globally unique identifier is
	// generated. However, if an opaque origin is copied or moved, the internal
	// globally unique identifier is preserved. Two opaque origins are same-origin
	// iff the globally unique identifiers match. Unlike tuple origins, an opaque
	// origin cannot be re-created from its serialization, which is always the
	// string "null".
	//
	// IMPORTANT: Since opaque origins always serialize as the string "null", it is
	// never safe to use the serialization for security checks!
	//
	// A tuple origin and an opaque origin are never same-origin.
	//
	// There are a few subtleties to note:
	//
	// * A default constructed Origin is opaque, with no precursor origin.
	//
	// * Invalid and non-standard GURLs are parsed as opaque origins. This includes
	// non-hierarchical URLs like 'data:text/html,...' and 'javascript:alert(1)'.
	//
	// * GURLs with schemes of 'filesystem' or 'blob' parse the origin out of the
	// internals of the URL. That is, 'filesystem:https://example.com/temporary/f'
	// is parsed as ('https', 'example.com', 443).
	//
	// * GURLs with a 'file' scheme are tricky. They are parsed as ('file', '', 0),
	// but their behavior may differ from embedder to embedder.
	// TODO(dcheng): This behavior is not consistent with Blink's notion of file
	// URLs, which always creates an opaque origin.
	//
	// * The host component of an IPv6 address includes brackets, just like the URL
	// representation.
	//
	// * Constructing origins from GURLs (or from SchemeHostPort) is typically a red
	// flag (this is true for `url::Origin::Create` but also to some extent for
	// `url::Origin::Resolve`). See docs/security/origin-vs-url.md for more.
	//
	// * To answer the question "Are \|this\| and \|that\| "same-origin" with each
	// other?", use \|Origin::IsSameOriginWith\|:
	//
	// if (this.IsSameOriginWith(that)) {
	// // Amazingness goes here.
	// }
	class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) Origin {
	public:
	// Creates an opaque Origin with a nonce that is different from all previously
	// existing origins.
	Origin();

	// WARNING: Converting an URL into an Origin is usually a red flag. See
	// //docs/security/origin-vs-url.md for more details. Some discussion about
	// deprecating the Create method can be found in https://crbug.com/1270878.
	//
	// Creates an Origin from `url`, as described at
	// https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#origin, with the following additions:
	// 1. If `url` is invalid or non-standard, an opaque Origin is constructed.
	// 2. 'filesystem' URLs behave as 'blob' URLs (that is, the origin is parsed
	// out of everything in the URL which follows the scheme).
	// 3. 'file' URLs all parse as ("file", "", 0).
	//
	// WARNING: `url::Origin::Create(url)` can give unexpected results if:
	// 1) `url` is "about:blank", or "about:srcdoc" (returning unique, opaque
	// origin rather than the real origin of the frame)
	// 2) `url` comes from a sandboxed frame (potentially returning a non-opaque
	// origin, when an opaque one is needed; see also
	// https://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/security/sandboxed-iframes/)
	// 3) Wrong `url` is used - e.g. in some navigations `base_url_for_data_url`
	// might need to be used instead of relying on
	// `content::NavigationHandle::GetURL`.
	//
	// WARNING: The returned Origin may have a different scheme and host from
	// `url` (e.g. in case of blob URLs - see OriginTest.ConstructFromGURL).
	//
	// WARNING: data: URLs will be correctly be translated into opaque origins,
	// but the precursor origin will be lost (unlike with `url::Origin::Resolve`).
	static Origin Create(const GURL& url);

	// Creates an Origin for the resource `url` as if it were requested
	// from the context of `base_origin`. If `url` is standard
	// (in the sense that it embeds a complete origin, like http/https),
	// this returns the same value as would Create().
	//
	// If `url` is "about:blank" or "about:srcdoc", this returns a copy of
	// `base_origin`.
	//
	// Otherwise, returns a new opaque origin derived from `base_origin`.
	// In this case, the resulting opaque origin will inherit the tuple
	// (or precursor tuple) of `base_origin`, but will not be same origin
	// with `base_origin`, even if `base_origin` is already opaque.
	static Origin Resolve(const GURL& url, const Origin& base_origin);

	// Copyable and movable.
	Origin(const Origin&);
	Origin& operator=(const Origin&);
	Origin(Origin&&) noexcept;
	Origin& operator=(Origin&&) noexcept;

	// Creates an Origin from a \|scheme\|, \|host\|, and \|port\|. All the parameters
	// must be valid and canonicalized. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not
	// canonical, or if all the parameters are empty.
	//
	// This constructor should be used in order to pass 'Origin' objects back and
	// forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk potentially
	// dangerous recanonicalization); other potential callers should prefer the
	// 'GURL'-based constructor.
	static absl::optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateTupleOriginWithoutNormalization(
	base::StringPiece scheme,
	base::StringPiece host,
	uint16_t port);

	// Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
	// This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
	// and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
	// operators to avoid copies.
	static Origin CreateFromNormalizedTuple(std::string scheme,
	std::string host,
	uint16_t port);

	~Origin();

	// For opaque origins, these return ("", "", 0).
	const std::string& scheme() const {
	return !opaque() ? tuple_.scheme() : base::EmptyString();
	}
	const std::string& host() const {
	return !opaque() ? tuple_.host() : base::EmptyString();
	}
	uint16_t port() const { return !opaque() ? tuple_.port() : 0; }

	bool opaque() const { return nonce_.has_value(); }

	// An ASCII serialization of the Origin as per Section 6.2 of RFC 6454, with
	// the addition that all Origins with a 'file' scheme serialize to "file://".
	std::string Serialize() const;

	// Two non-opaque Origins are "same-origin" if their schemes, hosts, and ports
	// are exact matches. Two opaque origins are same-origin only if their
	// internal nonce values match. A non-opaque origin is never same-origin with
	// an opaque origin.
	bool IsSameOriginWith(const Origin& other) const;
	bool operator==(const Origin& other) const { return IsSameOriginWith(other); }
	bool operator!=(const Origin& other) const {
	return !IsSameOriginWith(other);
	}

	// Non-opaque origin is "same-origin" with `url` if their schemes, hosts, and
	// ports are exact matches. Opaque origin is never "same-origin" with any
	// `url`. about:blank, about:srcdoc, and invalid GURLs are never
	// "same-origin" with any origin. This method is a shorthand for
	// `origin.IsSameOriginWith(url::Origin::Create(url))`.
	//
	// See also CanBeDerivedFrom.
	bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& url) const;

	// This method returns true for any \|url\| which if navigated to could result
	// in an origin compatible with \|this\|.
	bool CanBeDerivedFrom(const GURL& url) const;

	// Get the scheme, host, and port from which this origin derives. For
	// a tuple Origin, this gives the same values as calling scheme(), host()
	// and port(). For an opaque Origin that was created by calling
	// Origin::DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() on a precursor or Origin::Resolve(),
	// this returns the tuple inherited from the precursor.
	//
	// If this Origin is opaque and was created via the default constructor or
	// Origin::Create(), the precursor origin is unknown.
	//
	// Use with great caution: opaque origins should generally not inherit
	// privileges from the origins they derive from. However, in some cases
	// (such as restrictions on process placement, or determining the http lock
	// icon) this information may be relevant to ensure that entering an
	// opaque origin does not grant privileges initially denied to the original
	// non-opaque origin.
	//
	// This method has a deliberately obnoxious name to prompt caution in its use.
	const SchemeHostPort& GetTupleOrPrecursorTupleIfOpaque() const {
	return tuple_;
	}

	// Efficiently returns what GURL(Serialize()) would without re-parsing the
	// URL. This can be used for the (rare) times a GURL representation is needed
	// for an Origin.
	// Note: The returned URL will not necessarily be serialized to the same value
	// as the Origin would. The GURL will have an added "/" path for Origins with
	// valid SchemeHostPorts and file Origins.
	//
	// Try not to use this method under normal circumstances, as it loses type
	// information. Downstream consumers can mistake the returned GURL with a full
	// URL (e.g. with a path component).
	GURL GetURL() const;

	// Same as GURL::DomainIs. If \|this\| origin is opaque, then returns false.
	bool DomainIs(base::StringPiece canonical_domain) const;

	// Allows Origin to be used as a key in STL (for example, a std::set or
	// std::map).
	bool operator<(const Origin& other) const;

	// Creates a new opaque origin that is guaranteed to be cross-origin to all
	// currently existing origins. An origin created by this method retains its
	// identity across copies. Copies are guaranteed to be same-origin to each
	// other, e.g.
	//
	// url::Origin page = Origin::Create(GURL("http://example.com"))
	// url::Origin a = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
	// url::Origin b = page.DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin();
	// url::Origin c = a;
	// url::Origin d = b;
	//
	// \|a\| and \|c\| are same-origin, since \|c\| was copied from \|a\|. \|b\| and \|d\| are
	// same-origin as well, since \|d\| was copied from \|b\|. All other combinations
	// of origins are considered cross-origin, e.g. \|a\| is cross-origin to \|b\| and
	// \|d\|, \|b\| is cross-origin to \|a\| and \|c\|, \|c\| is cross-origin to \|b\| and
	// \|d\|, and \|d\| is cross-origin to \|a\| and \|c\|.
	Origin DeriveNewOpaqueOrigin() const;

	// Creates a string representation of the object that can be used for logging
	// and debugging. It serializes the internal state, such as the nonce value
	// and precursor information.
	std::string GetDebugString(bool include_nonce = true) const;

	#if BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)
	base::android::ScopedJavaLocalRef<jobject> CreateJavaObject() const;
	static Origin FromJavaObject(
	const base::android::JavaRef<jobject>& java_origin);
	static jlong CreateNative(JNIEnv* env,
	const base::android::JavaRef<jstring>& java_scheme,
	const base::android::JavaRef<jstring>& java_host,
	uint16_t port,
	bool is_opaque,
	uint64_t tokenHighBits,
	uint64_t tokenLowBits);
	#endif // BUILDFLAG(IS_ANDROID)

	void WriteIntoTrace(perfetto::TracedValue context) const;

	private:
	friend class blink::SecurityOrigin;
	friend class blink::SecurityOriginTest;
	friend class blink::StorageKey;
	// SchemefulSite needs access to the serialization/deserialization logic which
	// includes the nonce.
	friend class net::SchemefulSite;
	friend class OriginTest;
	friend struct mojo::UrlOriginAdapter;
	friend struct ipc_fuzzer::FuzzTraits<Origin>;
	friend struct mojo::StructTraits<url::mojom::OriginDataView, url::Origin>;
	friend IPC::ParamTraits<url::Origin>;
	friend COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
	const Origin& origin);
	friend class blink::StorageKeyTest;

	// Origin::Nonce is a wrapper around base::UnguessableToken that generates
	// the random value only when the value is first accessed. The lazy generation
	// allows Origin to be default-constructed quickly, without spending time
	// in random number generation.
	//
	// TODO(nick): Should this optimization move into UnguessableToken, once it no
	// longer treats the Null case specially?
	class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) Nonce {
	public:
	// Creates a nonce to hold a newly-generated UnguessableToken. The actual
	// token value will be generated lazily.
	Nonce();

	// Creates a nonce to hold an already-generated UnguessableToken value. This
	// constructor should only be used for IPC serialization and testing --
	// regular code should never need to touch the UnguessableTokens directly,
	// and the default constructor is faster.
	explicit Nonce(const base::UnguessableToken& token);

	// Accessor, which lazily initializes the underlying \|token_\| member.
	const base::UnguessableToken& token() const;

	// Do not use in cases where lazy initialization is expected! This
	// accessor does not initialize the \|token_\| member.
	const base::UnguessableToken& raw_token() const;

	// Copyable and movable. Copying a Nonce triggers lazy-initialization,
	// moving it does not.
	Nonce(const Nonce&);
	Nonce& operator=(const Nonce&);
	Nonce(Nonce&&) noexcept;
	Nonce& operator=(Nonce&&) noexcept;

	// Note that operator<, used by maps type containers, will trigger \|token_\|
	// lazy-initialization. Equality comparisons do not.
	bool operator<(const Nonce& other) const;
	bool operator==(const Nonce& other) const;
	bool operator!=(const Nonce& other) const;

	private:
	friend class OriginTest;

	// mutable to support lazy generation.
	mutable base::UnguessableToken token_;
	};

	// This needs to be friended within Origin as well, since Nonce is a private
	// nested class of Origin.
	friend COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out,
	const Nonce& nonce);

	// Creates an origin without sanity checking that the host is canonicalized.
	// This should only be used when converting between already normalized types,
	// and should NOT be used for IPC. Method takes std::strings for use with move
	// operators to avoid copies.
	static Origin CreateOpaqueFromNormalizedPrecursorTuple(
	std::string precursor_scheme,
	std::string precursor_host,
	uint16_t precursor_port,
	const Nonce& nonce);

	// Creates an opaque Origin with the identity given by \|nonce\|, and an
	// optional precursor origin given by \|precursor_scheme\|, \|precursor_host\| and
	// \|precursor_port\|. Returns nullopt if any parameter is not canonical. When
	// the precursor is unknown, the precursor parameters should be ("", "", 0).
	//
	// This factory method should be used in order to pass opaque Origin objects
	// back and forth over IPC (as transitioning through GURL would risk
	// potentially dangerous recanonicalization).
	static absl::optional<Origin> UnsafelyCreateOpaqueOriginWithoutNormalization(
	base::StringPiece precursor_scheme,
	base::StringPiece precursor_host,
	uint16_t precursor_port,
	const Nonce& nonce);

	// Constructs a non-opaque tuple origin. \|tuple\| must be valid.
	explicit Origin(SchemeHostPort tuple);

	// Constructs an opaque origin derived from the \|precursor\| tuple, with the
	// given \|nonce\|.
	Origin(const Nonce& nonce, SchemeHostPort precursor);

	// Get the nonce associated with this origin, if it is opaque, or nullptr
	// otherwise. This should be used only when trying to send an Origin across an
	// IPC pipe.
	const base::UnguessableToken* GetNonceForSerialization() const;

	// Serializes this Origin, including its nonce if it is opaque. If an opaque
	// origin's \|tuple_\| is invalid nullopt is returned. If the nonce is not
	// initialized, a nonce of 0 is used. Use of this method should be limited as
	// an opaque origin will never be matchable in future browser sessions.
	absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonce() const;

	// Like SerializeWithNonce(), but forces \|nonce_\| to be initialized prior to
	// serializing.
	absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonceAndInitIfNeeded();

	absl::optional<std::string> SerializeWithNonceImpl() const;

	// Deserializes an origin from \|ToValueWithNonce\|. Returns nullopt if the
	// value was invalid in any way.
	static absl::optional<Origin> Deserialize(const std::string& value);

	// The tuple is used for both tuple origins (e.g. https://example.com:80), as
	// well as for opaque origins, where it tracks the tuple origin from which
	// the opaque origin was initially derived (we call this the "precursor"
	// origin).
	SchemeHostPort tuple_;

	// The nonce is used for maintaining identity of an opaque origin. This
	// nonce is preserved when an opaque origin is copied or moved. An Origin
	// is considered opaque if and only if \|nonce_\| holds a value.
	absl::optional<Nonce> nonce_;
	};

	// Pretty-printers for logging. These expose the internal state of the nonce.
	COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL)
	std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin& origin);
	COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL)
	std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Origin::Nonce& origin);

	COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) bool IsSameOriginWith(const GURL& a, const GURL& b);

	// DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) copies `origin` into a new
	// stack-allocated variable named `<var_name>`. This helps ensure that the
	// value of `origin` gets preserved in crash dumps.
	#define DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_ORIGIN(var_name, origin) \
	DEBUG_ALIAS_FOR_CSTR(var_name, (origin).Serialize().c_str(), 128)

	namespace debug {

	class COMPONENT_EXPORT(URL) ScopedOriginCrashKey {
	public:
	ScopedOriginCrashKey(base::debug::CrashKeyString* crash_key,
	const url::Origin* value);
	~ScopedOriginCrashKey();

	ScopedOriginCrashKey(const ScopedOriginCrashKey&) = delete;
	ScopedOriginCrashKey& operator=(const ScopedOriginCrashKey&) = delete;

	private:
	base::debug::ScopedCrashKeyString scoped_string_value_;
	};

	} // namespace debug

	} // namespace url

	#endif // URL_ORIGIN_H_