File:Brookfield zoo 0235.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionBrookfield zoo 0235.jpg |
English: Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra, but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China. Classified in the genus Pongo, orangutans were originally considered to be one species. From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus, with three subspecies) and the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii). A third species, the Tapanuli orangutan (P. tapanuliensis), was identified definitively in 2017. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae, which diverged genetically from the other hominids (gorillas, chimpanzees and humans) between 19.3 and 15.7 million years ago.
The most arboreal of the great apes, orangutans spend most of their time in trees. They have proportionally long arms and short legs, and have reddish-brown hair covering their bodies. Adult males weigh about 75 kg (165 lb), while females reach about 37 kg (82 lb). Dominant adult males develop distinctive cheek pads or flanges and make long calls that attract females and intimidate rivals; younger subordinate males do not and more resemble adult females. Orangutans are the most solitary of the great apes: social bonds occur primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet; but they will also eat vegetation, bark, honey, insects and bird eggs. They can live over 30 years, both in the wild and in captivity. Orangutans are among the most intelligent apes. They use a variety of sophisticated tools and construct elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. The apes' learning abilities have been studied extensively. There may be distinctive cultures within populations. Orangutans have been featured in literature and art since at least the 18th century, particularly in works that comment on human society. Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas and they have been kept in captive facilities around the world since at least the early 19th century. Brookfield Zoo Brookfield, IL |
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Source | Own work |
Author | Ronincmc |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D60 |
Exposure time | 1/30 sec (0.033333333333333) |
F-number | f/5.6 |
ISO speed rating | 900 |
Date and time of data generation | 16:01, 31 May 2013 |
Lens focal length | 55 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.01 |
File change date and time | 16:01, 31 May 2013 |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 16:01, 31 May 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 2 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5 APEX (f/5.66) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 40 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 40 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 40 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 82 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | High gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Lens used | AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G |
Serial number of camera | 3203688 |