| Oracle® Database Globalization Support Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number B10749-01 |
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| Oracle® Database Globalization Support Guide 10g Release 1 (10.1) Part Number B10749-01 |
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View PDF |
This chapter shows how to customize locale data. It includes the following topics:
The Oracle Locale Builder offers an easy and efficient way to customize locale data. It provides a graphical user interface through which you can easily view, modify, and define locale-specific data. It extracts data from the text and binary definition files and presents them in a readable format so that you can process the information without worrying about the formats used in these files.
The Oracle Locale Builder manages four types of locale definitions: language, territory, character set, and linguistic sort. It also supports user-defined characters and customized linguistic rules. You can view definitions in existing text and binary definition files and make changes to them or create your own definitions.
This section contains the following topics:
The Oracle Locale Builder uses Unicode characters in many of its functions. For example, it shows the mapping of local character code points to Unicode code points. Oracle Locale Builder depends on the local fonts that are available on the operating system where the characters are rendered. Therefore, Oracle Corporation recommends that you use a Unicode font to fully support the Oracle Locale Builder. If a character cannot be rendered with your local fonts, then it will probably be displayed as an empty box.
There are many Windows TrueType and OpenType fonts that support Unicode. Oracle Corporation recommends using the Arial Unicode MS font from Microsoft, because it includes about 51,000 glyphs and supports most of the characters in Unicode 3.2.
After installing the Unicode font, add the font to the Java Runtime font.properties file so it can be used by the Oracle Locale Builder. The font.properties file is located in the $JAVAHOME/jre/lib directory. For example, for the Arial Unicode MS font, add the following entries to the font.properties file:
dialog.n=Arial Unicode MS, DEFAULT_CHARSET dialoginput.n=Arial Unicode MS, DEFAULT_CHARSET serif.n=Arial Unicode MS, DEFAULT_CHARSET sansserif.n=Arial Unicode MS, DEFAULT_CHARSET
n is the next available sequence number to assign to the Arial Unicode MS font in the font list. Java Runtime searches the font mapping list for each virtual font and use the first font available on your system.
After you edit the font.properties file, restart the Oracle Locale Builder.
There are fewer choices of Unicode fonts for non-Windows platforms than for Windows platforms. If you cannot find a Unicode font with satisfactory character coverage, then use multiple fonts for different languages. Install each font and add the font entries into the font.properties file using the steps described for the Windows platform.
For example, to display Japanese characters on Sun Solaris using the font ricoh-hg mincho, add entries to the existing font.properties file in $JAVAHOME/lib in the dialog, dialoginput, serif, and sansserif sections. For example:
serif.plain.3=-ricoh-hg mincho l-medium-r-normal--*-%d-*-*-m-*-jisx0201.1976-0
Ensure that the ORACLE_HOME parameter is set before starting Oracle Locale Builder.
In the UNIX operating system, start the Oracle Locale Builder by changing into the $ORACLE_HOME/nls/lbuilder directory and issuing the following command:
% ./lbuilder
In a Windows operating system, start the Oracle Locale Builder from the Start menu as follows: Start > Programs > Oracle-OraHome10 > Configuration and Migration Tools > Locale Builder. You can also start it from the DOS prompt by entering the %ORACLE_HOME%\nls\lbuilder directory and executing the lbuilder.bat command.
When you start the Oracle Locale Builder, the screen shown in Figure 13-1 appears.
Text description of the illustration startup.gif
Before using Oracle Locale Builder for a specific task, you should become familiar with tab pages and dialog boxes that include the following:
When you choose New Language, New Territory, New Character Set, or New Linguistic Sort, the first tab page that you see is labelled General. Click Show Existing Definitions to see the Existing Definitions dialog box.
The Existing Definitions dialog box enables you to open locale objects by name. If you know a specific language, territory, linguistic sort (collation), or character set that you want to start with, then click its displayed name. For example, you can open the AMERICAN language definition file as shown in Figure 13-2.
Text description of the illustration pic17.gif
Choosing AMERICAN opens the lx00001.nlb file. An NLB file is a binary file that contains the settings for a specific language, territory, character set, or linguistic sort.
Language and territory abbreviations are for reference only and cannot be opened.
Choose Tools > View Log to see the Session Log dialog box. The Session Log dialog box shows what actions have been taken in the current session. Click Save Log to keep a record of all changes. Figure 13-3 shows an example of a session log.
Text description of the illustration pic22.gif
The NLT file is an XML file with the file extension .nlt that shows the settings for a specific language, territory, character set, or linguistic sort. The Preview NLT tab page presents a readable form of the file so that you can see whether the changes you have made look correct. You cannot modify the NLT file from the Preview NLT tab page. You must use the specific elements of the Oracle Locale Builder to modify the NLT file.
Figure 13-4 shows an example of the Preview NLT tab page for a user-defined language called AMERICAN FRENCH.
Text description of the illustration langnlt.gif
You can see the Open File dialog box by choosing File > Open > By File Name. Then choose the NLB file that you want to modify or use as a template. An NLB file is a binary file with the file extension .nlb that contains the binary equivalent of the information in the NLT file. Figure 13-5 shows the Open File dialog box with the lx00001.nlb file selected. The Preview pane shows that this NLB file is for the AMERICAN language.
Text description of the illustration pic16.gif
This section shows how to create a new language based on French. This new language is called AMERICAN FRENCH. First, open FRENCH from the Existing Definitions dialog box. Then change the language name to AMERICAN FRENCH and the Language Abbreviation to AF in the General tab page. Retain the default values for the other fields. Figure 13-6 shows the resulting General tab page.
Text description of the illustration lang.gif
The following restrictions apply when choosing names for locale objects such as languages:
The valid range for the Language ID field for a user-defined language is 1,000 to 10,000. You can accept the value provided by Oracle Locale Builder or you can specify a value within the range.
Figure 13-7 shows how to set month names using the Month Names tab page.
Text description of the illustration langmon.gif
All names are shown as they appear in the NLT file. If you choose Yes for capitalization, then the month names are capitalized in your application, but they do not appear capitalized in the Month Names tab page.
Figure 13-8 shows the Day Names tab page.
Text description of the illustration langdays.gif
You can choose day names for your user-defined language. All names are shown as they appear in the NLT file. If you choose Yes for capitalization, then the day names are capitalized in your application, but they do not appear capitalized in the Day Names tab page.
This section shows how to create a new territory called REDWOOD SHORES and use RS as a territory abbreviation. The new territory is not based on an existing territory definition.
The basic tasks are as follows:
Figure 13-9 shows the General tab page with REDWOOD SHORES specified as the Territory Name, 1001 specified as the Territory ID, and RS specified as the Territory Abbreviation.
Text description of the illustration terr.gif
The valid range for Territory ID for a user-defined territory is 1000 to 10000.
Figure 13-10 shows settings for calendar formats in the Calendar tab page.
Text description of the illustration terrcal.gif
Tuesday is set as the first day of the week, and the first week of the calendar year is set as an ISO week. The screen displays a sample calendar.
See Also:
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Figure 13-11 shows the Date&Time tab page.
Text description of the illustration terrdate.gif
When you choose a format from a list, Oracle Locale Builder displays an example of the format. In this case, the Short Date Format is set to DD-MM-YY. The Short Time Format is set to HH24:MI:SS. The Oracle Date Format is set to DD-MM-YY. The Long Date Format is set to fmDay, Month dd, yyyy. The TimeStamp Timezone Format is not set.
You can also enter your own formats instead of using the selection from the drop-down menus.
Figure 13-12 shows the Number tab page.
Text description of the illustration terrnum.gif
A period has been chosen for the Decimal Symbol. The Negative Sign Location is specified to be on the left of the number. The Numeric Group Separator is a comma. The Number Grouping is specified as 3 digits. The List Separator is a comma. The Measurement System is metric. The Rounding Indicator is 4.
You can enter your own values instead of using values in the lists.
When you choose a format from a list, Oracle Locale Builder displays an example of the format.
Figure 13-13 shows settings for currency formats in the Monetary tab page.
Text description of the illustration terrmon.gif
The Local Currency Symbol is set to $. The Alternative Currency Symbol is the euro symbol. The Currency Presentation shows one of several possible sequences of the local currency symbol, the debit symbol, and the number. The Decimal Symbol is the period. The Group Separator is the comma. The Monetary Number Grouping is 3. The Monetary Precision, or number of digits after the decimal symbol, is 3. The Credit Symbol is +. The Debit Symbol is -. The International Currency Separator is a blank space, so it is not visible in the field. The International Currency Symbol (ISO currency symbol) is USD. Oracle Locale Builder displays examples of the currency formats you have selected.
You can enter your own values instead of using the lists.
The rest of this section contains the following topics:
The time zone files contain the valid time zone names. The following information is included for each time zone:
Two time zone files are included in the Oracle home directory. The default file is oracore/zoneinfo/timezone.dat. More time zones are included in oracore/zoneinfo/timezlrg.dat.
| See Also:
"Choosing a Time Zone File" for more information about the contents of the time zone files and how to install the larger time zone file |
Oracle supports several calendars. All of them are defined with data derived from Oracle's globalization support, but some of them may require the addition of ruler eras or deviation days in the future. To add this information without waiting for a new release of the Oracle database server, you can use an external file that is automatically loaded when the calendar functions are executed.
Calendar data is first defined in a text file. The text definition file must be converted into binary format. You can use the NLS Calendar Utility (lxegen) to convert the text definition file into binary format.
The name of the text definition file and its location are hard-coded and depend on the platform. On UNIX platforms, the file name is lxecal.nlt. It is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/nls/demo directory. A sample text definition file is included in the directory.
The lxegen utility produces a binary file from the text definition file. The name of the binary file is also hard-coded and depends on the platform. On UNIX platforms, the name of the binary file is lxecal.nlb. The binary file is generated in the same directory as the text file and overwrites an existing binary file.
After the binary file has been generated, it is automatically loaded during system initialization. Do not move or rename the file.
Invoke the calendar utility from the command line as follows:
% lxegen
See Also:
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You can display and print the code charts of character sets with the Oracle Locale Builder. From the opening screen for Oracle Locale Builder, choose File > New > Character Set. Figure 13-14 shows the resulting screen.
Text description of the illustration cs.gif
Click Show Existing Definitions. Highlight the character set you wish to display. Figure 13-15 shows the Existing Definitions combo box with US7ASCII highlighted.
Text description of the illustration charsets.gif
Click Open to choose the character set. Figure 13-16 shows the General tab page when US7ASCII has been chosen.
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Click the Character Data Mapping tab. Figure 13-17 shows the Character Data Mapping tab page for US7ASCII.
Text description of the illustration cschar.gif
Click View CodeChart. Figure 13-18 shows the code chart for US7ASCII.
Text description of the illustration cschart.gif
It shows the encoded value of each character in the local character set, the glyph associated with each character, and the Unicode value of each character in the local character set.
If you want to print the code chart, then click Print Page.
You can customize a character set to meet specific user needs. You can extend an existing encoded character set definition. User-defined characters are often used to encode special characters that represent the following:
This section describes how Oracle supports user-defined characters. It includes the following topics:
User-defined characters are typically supported within East Asian character sets. These East Asian character sets have at least one range of reserved code points for user-defined characters. For example, Japanese Shift-JIS preserves 1880 code points for user-defined characters. They are shown in Table 13-1.
The Oracle character sets listed in Table 13-2 contain predefined ranges that support user-defined characters.
The code point value that represents a particular character can vary among different character sets. A Japanese kanji character is shown in Figure 13-19.
Text description of the illustration char2.gif
The following table shows how the character is encoded in different character sets.
| Unicode Encoding | JA16SJIS Encoding | JA16EUC Encoding | JA16DBCS Encoding |
|---|---|---|---|
|
4E9C |
889F |
B0A1 |
4867 |
In Oracle, all character sets are defined in terms of Unicode 3.2 code points. That is, each character is defined as a Unicode 3.2 code value. Character conversion takes place transparently to users by using Unicode as the intermediate form. For example, when a JA16SJIS client connects to a JA16EUC database, the character shown in Figure 13-19 has the code point value 889F when it is entered from the JA16SJIS client. It is internally converted to Unicode (with code point value 4E9C) and then converted to JA16EUC (code point value B0A1).
Unicode 3.2 reserves the range E000-F8FF for the Private Use Area (PUA). The PUA is intended for private use character definition by end users or vendors.
User-defined characters can be converted between two Oracle character sets by using Unicode 3.2 PUA as the intermediate form, the same as standard characters.
Cross-references between different character sets are required when registering user-defined characters across operating systems. Cross-references ensure that the user-defined characters can be converted correctly across the different character sets.
For example, when registering a user-defined character on both a Japanese Shift-JIS operating system and a Japanese IBM Host operating system, you may want to assign the F040 code point on the Shift-JIS operating system and the 6941 code point on the IBM Host operating system for this character so that Oracle can map this character correctly between the character sets JA16SJIS and JA16DBCS.
User-defined character cross-reference information can be found by viewing the character set definitions using the Oracle Locale Builder. For example, you can determine that both the Shift-JIS UDC value F040 and the IBM Host UDC value 6941 are mapped to the same Unicode PUA value E000.
By default, the Oracle Locale Builder generates the next available character set ID for you. You can also choose your own character set ID. Use the following format for naming character set definition NLT files:
lx2dddd.nlt
dddd is the 4-digit character set ID in hex.
When you modify a character set, observe the following guidelines:
If you derive a new character set from an existing Oracle character set, then Oracle Corporation recommends using the following character set naming convention:
<Oracle_character_set_name><organization_name>EXT<version>
For example, if a company such as Sun Microsystems adds user-defined characters to the JA16EUC character set, then the following character set name is appropriate:
JA16EUCSUNWEXT1
The character set name contains the following parts:
JA16EUC is the character set name defined by OracleSUNW represents the organization name (company stock trading abbreviation for Sun Microsystems)EXT specifies that this character set is an extension to the JA16EUC character set1 specifies the versionThis section shows how to create a new character set called MYCHARSET with 10001 for its Character Set ID. The example uses the WE8ISO8859P1 character set and adds 10 Chinese characters.
Figure 13-20 shows the General tab page for MYCHARSET.
Text description of the illustration csmychar.gif
Click Show Existing Definitions and choose the WE8ISO8859P1 character set from the Existing Definitions dialog box.
The ISO Character Set ID and Base Character Set ID fields are optional. The Base Character Set ID is used for inheriting values so that the properties of the base character set are used as a template. The Character Set ID is automatically generated, but you can override it. The valid range for a user-defined character set ID is 8000 to 8999 or 10000 to 20000.
The ISO Character Set ID field remains blank for user-defined character sets.
Figure 13-21 shows the Type Specification tab page.
Text description of the illustration cstype.gif
The Character Set Category is ASCII_BASED. The BYTE_UNIQUE button is checked.
When you have chosen an existing character set, the fields for the Type Specification tab page should already be set to appropriate values. You should keep these values unless you have a specific reason for changing them. If you need to change the settings, then use the following guidelines:
| See Also:
"Variable-width multibyte encoding schemes" for more information about shift-in and shift-out character sets |
Figure 13-22 shows how to add user-defined characters.
Text description of the illustration csuser.gif
Open the Character Data Mapping tab page. Highlight the character that you want to add characters after in the character set. In this example, the 0xff local character value is highlighted.
You can add one character at a time or use a text file to import a large number of characters. In this example, a text file is imported. The first column is the local character value. The second column is the Unicode value. The file contains the following character values:
88a2 963f
88a3 54c0
88a4 611b
88a5 6328
88a6 59f6
88a7 9022
88a8 8475
88a9 831c
88aa 7a50
88ab 60aa
Choose File > Import > User-Defined Characters Data.
Figure 13-23 shows that the imported characters are added after 0xff in the character set.
Text description of the illustration csnewchr.gif
This section shows how to create a new multilingual linguistic sort called MY_GENERIC_M with a collation ID of 10001. The GENERIC_M linguistic sort is used as the basis for the new linguistic sort. Figure 13-24 shows how to begin.
Text description of the illustration co.gif
Settings for the flags are automatically derived. SWAP_WITH_NEXT is relevant for Thai and Lao sorts. REVERSE_SECONDARY is for French sorts. CANONICAL_EQUIVALENCE determines whether canonical rules are used. In this example, CANONICAL_EQUIVALENCE is checked.
The valid range for Collation ID (sort ID) for a user-defined sort is 1000 to 2000 for monolingual collation and 10000 to 11000 for multilingual collation.
See Also:
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Figure 13-25 shows the Unicode Collation Sequence tab page.
Text description of the illustration couni.gif
This example customizes the linguistic sort by moving digits so that they sort after letters. Complete the following steps:
\x0034 Unicode value is highlighted. Its location in the Unicode Collation Sequence is called a node.Text description of the illustration pastenod.gif
Select the position and the level at which you want to paste the node.
In Figure 13-26, the After button and the Primary button are selected.
Use similar steps to move other digits to a position after the letters a through z.
Figure 13-27 shows the resulting Unicode Collation Sequence tab page after the digits 0 through 4 have been moved to a position after the letters a through z.
Text description of the illustration couni2.gif
The rest of this section contains the following topics:
This example shows how to change the sort order for characters with diacritics. You can do this by changing the sort for all characters containing a particular diacritic or by changing one character at a time. This example changes the sort of each characters with a circumflex (for example, û) to be after the same character containing a tilde.
Verify the current sort order by choosing Tools > Canonical Rules. This opens the Canonical Rules dialog box, shown in Figure 13-28.
Text description of the illustration ex1.gif
Figure 13-28 shows how characters are decomposed into their canonical equivalents and their current sorting orders. For example, û is represented as u plus ^.
| See Also:
Chapter 5, "Linguistic Sorting and String Searching" for more information about canonical rules |
In the Oracle Locale Builder collation window (shown in Figure 13-24), click the Non-Spacing Characters tab. If you use the Non-Spacing Characters tab page, then changes for diacritics apply to all characters. Figure 13-29 shows the Non-Spacing Characters tab page.
Text description of the illustration coremove.gif
Select the circumflex and click Cut. Click Yes in the Removal Confirmation dialog box. Select the tilde and click Paste. Choose After and Secondary in the Paste Node dialog box and click OK.
Figure 13-30 illustrates the new sort order.
Text description of the illustration conospac.gif
To change the order of a specific character with a diacritic, insert the character directly into the appropriate position. Characters with diacritics do not appear in the Unicode Collation Sequence tab page, so you cannot cut and paste them into the new location.
This example changes the sort order for ä so that it sorts after Z.
Select the Unicode Collation tab. Highlight the character, Z, that you want to put ä next to. Click Add. The Insert New Node dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 13-31.
Text description of the illustration coinsert.gif
Choose After and Primary in the Insert New Node dialog box. Enter the Unicode code point value of ä. The code point value is \x00e4. Click OK.
Figure 13-32 shows the resulting sort order.
Text description of the illustration coinser2.gif
After you have defined a new language, territory, character set, or linguistic sort, generate new NLB files from the NLT files.
oracle), back up the NLS installation boot file (lx0boot.nlb) and the NLS system boot file (lx1boot.nlb) in the ORA_NLS10 directory. On a UNIX platform, enter commands similar to the following:
% setenv ORA_NLS10 $ORACLE_HOME/nls/data % cd $ORA_NLS10 % cp -p lx0boot.nlb lx0boot.nlb.orig % cp -p lx1boot.nlb lx1boot.nlb.orig
Note that the -p option preserves the timestamp of the original file.
> Generate NLB or click the Generate NLB icon in the left side bar.Text description of the illustration ex6.gif
Do not try to specify an NLT file. Oracle Locale Builder generates an NLB file for each NLT file.
Figure 13-34 illustrates the final notification that you have successfully generated NLB files for all NLT files in the directory.
lx1boot.nlb file into the path that is specified by the ORA_NLS10 environment variable. For example, on a UNIX platform, enter a command similar to the following:
% cp /directory_name/lx1boot.nlb $ORA_NLS10/lx1boot.nlb
ORA_NLS10 directory. For example, on a UNIX platform, enter commands similar to the following:
% cp /directory_name/lx22710.nlb $ORA_NLS10 % cp /directory_name/lx52710.nlb $ORA_NLS10
| See Also:
"Locale Data on Demand" for more information about the |
NLB files that are generated on one platform can be transported to another platform by, for example, FTP. The transported NLB files can be used the same way as the NLB files that were generated on the original platform. This is convenient because locale data can be modified on one platform and copied to other platforms. Note that you must copy all of the NLB files from one platform to another, not just the files that have been modified. Also note that "Generating and Installing NLB Files" is performed the same way as in previous releases. NLB files that are generated on a Solaris platform can be copied by FTP to a Windows platform and provide the same functionality there.
Different binary formats (such as 32-bit, 64-bit, big-endian, little-endian, ASCII, and EBCDIC) are processed during NLB loading in a manner that is transparent to the user.
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