παλαιός
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From πάλαι (pálai, “long ago”) + -ος (-os, “adjectival suffix”).[1] Likely cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀞𐀨𐀍 (pa-ra-jo), which has been argued to mean “old”; this connection points to a Proto-Hellenic *palai(y)ós and casts doubt on the popularly proposed etymology from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel-.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pa.lai̯.ós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pa.lɛˈos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /pa.lɛˈos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /pa.leˈos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /pa.leˈos/
Adjective
[edit]πᾰλαιός • (palaiós) m (feminine πᾰλαιᾱ́, neuter πᾰλαιόν); first/second declension
- old, aged
- Synonym: γεραιός (geraiós)
- ancient, of times past
- Synonym: ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos)
- time-honoured, venerable
- antiquated, outdated
Declension
[edit]Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | πᾰλαιός palaiós |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ palaiā́ |
πᾰλαιόν palaión |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ palaiā́ |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιοί palaioí |
πᾰλαιαί palaiaí |
πᾰλαιᾰ́ palaiá | |||||
Genitive | πᾰλαιοῦ palaioû |
πᾰλαιᾶς palaiâs |
πᾰλαιοῦ palaioû |
πᾰλαιοῖν palaioîn |
πᾰλαιαῖν palaiaîn |
πᾰλαιοῖν palaioîn |
πᾰλαιῶν palaiôn |
πᾰλαιῶν palaiôn |
πᾰλαιῶν palaiôn | |||||
Dative | πᾰλαιῷ palaiôi |
πᾰλαιᾷ palaiâi |
πᾰλαιῷ palaiôi |
πᾰλαιοῖν palaioîn |
πᾰλαιαῖν palaiaîn |
πᾰλαιοῖν palaioîn |
πᾰλαιοῖς palaioîs |
πᾰλαιαῖς palaiaîs |
πᾰλαιοῖς palaioîs | |||||
Accusative | πᾰλαιόν palaión |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ν palaiā́n |
πᾰλαιόν palaión |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ palaiā́ |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιούς palaioús |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ς palaiā́s |
πᾰλαιᾰ́ palaiá | |||||
Vocative | πᾰλαιέ palaié |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ palaiā́ |
πᾰλαιόν palaión |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιᾱ́ palaiā́ |
πᾰλαιώ palaiṓ |
πᾰλαιοί palaioí |
πᾰλαιαί palaiaí |
πᾰλαιᾰ́ palaiá | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
πᾰλαιῶς palaiôs |
πᾰλαίτερος palaíteros |
πᾰλαίτᾰτος palaítatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- πᾰλαιορᾰ́φος (palaioráphos)
- παλαιότης (palaiótēs)
- παλαιόω (palaióō)
- παλαιῶς (palaiôs)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάλαι (> DER παλαιός)”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1144–1145
- ^ John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 232 of 157–271: “πάλαι”
Further reading
[edit]- “παλαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “παλαιός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “παλαιός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- παλαιός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- παλαιός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “παλαιός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3820 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- aged idem, page 18.
- ancient idem, page 29.
- antiquated idem, page 32.
- antique idem, page 32.
- by-gone idem, page 107.
- date idem, page 196.
- disuse idem, page 243.
- early idem, page 258.
- effete idem, page 262.
- fashion idem, page 308.
- former idem, page 339.
- hackneyed idem, page 380.
- immemorial idem, page 417.
- obsolete idem, page 567.
- old idem, page 572.
- old-fashioned idem, page 572.
- past idem, page 597.
- played out idem, page 619.
- primeval idem, page 641.
- primitive idem, page 641.
- pristine idem, page 642.
- stale idem, page 809.
- superannuated idem, page 838.
- threadbare idem, page 869.
- trite idem, page 896.
- unfashionable idem, page 917.
Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- παλιός (paliós)
Adjective
[edit]παλαιός • (palaiós) m (feminine παλαιά, neuter παλαιό)
Usage notes
[edit]- In general, for positive forms, παλιός is more common than παλαιός, however with the degrees of comparison forms inflected from παλαιότερος and παλαιότατος are more frequent than those from παλιότερος and παλιότατος.
Declension
[edit]Declension of παλαιός
number case \ gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | παλαιός • | παλαιά • | παλαιό • | παλαιοί • | παλαιές • | παλαιά • |
genitive | παλαιού • | παλαιάς • | παλαιού • | παλαιών • | παλαιών • | παλαιών • |
accusative | παλαιό • | παλαιά • | παλαιό • | παλαιούς • | παλαιές • | παλαιά • |
vocative | παλαιέ • | παλαιά • | παλαιό • | παλαιοί • | παλαιές • | παλαιά • |
derivations | Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο παλαιός, etc.) Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο παλαιός, etc.) | |||||
notes | there are also rare feminine forms παλαιή and παλαιής |
Degrees of comparison by suffixation
comparative | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | παλαιότερος • | παλαιότερη • | παλαιότερο • | παλαιότεροι • | παλαιότερες • | παλαιότερα • |
genitive | παλαιότερου • | παλαιότερης • | παλαιότερου • | παλαιότερων • | παλαιότερων • | παλαιότερων • |
accusative | παλαιότερο • | παλαιότερη • | παλαιότερο • | παλαιότερους • | παλαιότερες • | παλαιότερα • |
vocative | παλαιότερε • | παλαιότερη • | παλαιότερο • | παλαιότεροι • | παλαιότερες • | παλαιότερα • |
derivations | relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο παλαιότερος", etc) | |||||
Absolute superlative | singular | plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | παλαιότατος • | παλαιότατη • | παλαιότατο • | παλαιότατοι • | παλαιότατες • | παλαιότατα • |
genitive | παλαιότατου • | παλαιότατης • | παλαιότατου • | παλαιότατων • | παλαιότατων • | παλαιότατων • |
accusative | παλαιότατο • | παλαιότατη • | παλαιότατο • | παλαιότατους • | παλαιότατες • | παλαιότατα • |
vocative | παλαιότατε • | παλαιότατη • | παλαιότατο • | παλαιότατοι • | παλαιότατες • | παλαιότατα • |
See also
[edit]Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -ος
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- grc:Age
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ά-ό