cha

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "cha"

Translingual

Symbol

cha

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Chamorro.

English

Etymology 1

From Chinese 茶 (chá), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la, via two routes: in some cases from Hindustani चा (cā) / چا (cā) (a variant of the same root, from Persian چا, which led to chai), from Northern Chinese; in other cases from 茶 (chá) /t͡sʰɑː²¹/, the pronunciation found in Canton (Guangzhou), where the British bought much of their tea in the 19th century. Doublet of tea, which is from the Amoy Min Nan pronunciation tê.

Pronunciation

Noun

cha (uncountable)

  1. tea, sometimes (dialect) specifically masala chai
    Would you like a cup of cha?
    • 1934 August 4, George Herriman, Krazy Kat, Saturday, comic strip, →ISBN, page 206:
      [Krazy Kat, bringing a full tray:] Look, folkses – hot dogs, hot cha, hot peppa pots, hot timollies – hot kuffy. [sic]
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation spelling of you, especially when preceded by a t sound.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

cha

  1. (dialectal, nonstandard) You.
    • 1976, Flying Magazine, page 34:
      You mean you can't fly after you've had a few beers? You can drive, can't cha?
    • 2005, Busta Rhymes, CeeLo Green (lyrics and music), “Don't Cha”, performed by Pussycat Dolls:
      Don't cha wish your girlfriend was a freak like me?
    • 2008, Barbara L. Jent, The Weddin' Day, Barbara Jent, →ISBN, page 157:
      “You'll be ridin' with us, won't cha, Josh?”
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From cha-cha (q.v.)

Pronunciation

Particle

cha

  1. (dance) Used to count out steps, particularly involving the hip-shaking sections of rhythmic Latin dances
    One–two–cha–cha–cha
    Three–four–cha–cha–cha
Derived terms

Etymology 4

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 자 (ja).

Pronunciation

Noun

cha (plural chas or cha)

  1. (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

See also

Anagrams

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old High German kweman, chuman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną. Cognate with German kommen, Dutch komen, English come, Icelandic koma, Gothic 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 (qiman).

Verb

cha

  1. (Uri) to come

Conjugation

    conjugation of cha – Urner dialect
infinitive cha
past participle cha
singular plural
1st person
ich, i 		2nd person
du 		3rd person
er/si/es 		1st person
mir 		2nd person
ir 		3rd person
si
indicative present chuume chunsch chunt chemme chemmet chemme
subjunctive present chemm, chemmi chemmesch chemm, chemmi chemme chemmet chemme
past chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi chëmesch, chëmtesch, chiemesch chëm, chëmi, chëmt, chëmti, chiem, chiemi chëme, chëmte, chieme chëmet, chëmtet, chieme chëme, chëmte, chieme
imperative affirmative — chu — — chemmet —

Derived terms

References

Atong (India)

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Hindi चार (cār).

Pronunciation

Numeral

cha (Bengali script চা)

  1. four

Synonyms

References

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con.

Pronunciation

Particle

cha (Triggers lenition of b, c, f, g, m, p, s. Triggers eclipsis of d, t.)

  1. (Ulster) not
    Cha phósann sí é.
    She will not marry him.
    Cha dtugaim.
    I do not give, I will not give.

Usage notes

Used only in some varieties of Ulster Irish. Not used with the future tense; a future meaning can be conveyed by using it with the present tense.

Synonyms

  • ní (used in Munster Irish, Connacht Irish, and some varieties of Ulster Irish)
  • chan (used before vowel sounds)
  • char (used before the past tense)

References

  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 178, page 68

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

cha

  1. The hiragana syllable ちゃ (cha) or the katakana syllable チャ (cha) in Hepburn romanization.

Kapampangan

Etymology

Borrowed from Chinese 茶 (chá), highly likely via Cantonese caa4 rather than Hokkien tê.

Noun

cha

  1. tea

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Noun

cha m inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter ch/Ch.

See also

Mandarin

Romanization

cha

  1. Nonstandard spelling of chā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of chá.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of chǎ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of chà.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Manx

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish níco(n), noco(n), nocho(n), nocha(n), from Old Irish nícon, nacon, from ní con. Compare Irish ní, cha, Scottish Gaelic cha.

Particle

cha

  1. not
    Cha bee'n poosey ayn. ― The marriage will not take place.
    Cha vel blass er. ― It has no taste.
Usage notes
  • Used with the dependent form of a verb. With the copula, the verb may be suppressed.
  • Becomes chan before a vowel.

Etymology 2

Adverb

cha

  1. Alternative form of cho

References

Pronunciation

Noun

cha

  1. crying, weeping

Pacoh

Etymology

From Proto-Katuic *caa, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ.

Pronunciation

Verb

cha 

  1. to eat

Affixed forms

Pali

Pali cardinal numbers
 <  5 6 7  > 
    Cardinal : cha
    Ordinal : chaṭṭha

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology

Apparently from Sanskrit *ष्वष् (ṣvaṣ), variant of षष् (ṣaṣ);[1] see there for further etymology.

Numeral

cha

  1. six[2]

Declension

Optionally indeclinable.

Declension table of "cha"
Case \ NumberPlural
Nominative (first)cha
Accusative (second)cha
Instrumental (third)chahi
Dative (fourth)channaṃ
Ablative (fifth)chahi
Genitive (sixth)channaṃ
Locative (seventh)chasu

References

  1. ^ Alexander Lubotsky (2000) “Indo-Aryan 'six'”, in 125 Jahre Indogermanistik in Graz. Arbeiten aus der Abteilung “Vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft"‎[1], Graz: Leykam, pages 255-261
  2. ^ Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “cha”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Pipil

Pronunciation

  • (standard) IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/

Verb

-cha

  1. Clipping of -chiwa.

Romansch

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

cha

  1. (Puter, Vallader) that

Alternative forms

Pronoun

cha

  1. (Puter, Vallader) who, whom

Alternative forms

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish nochan, from Old Irish nícon, from ní (“not”) + con (“toward”). Cognates include Irish cha and Manx cha.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xa/
  • Hyphenation: cha

Particle

cha

  1. Used together with a dependent form of a verb to form the negative: not
    Cha robh bean aig Iain. ― Ian didn't have a wife.

Usage notes

  • Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
  • Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.

Verb

cha

  1. Negative forms of the copula: is not
    Cha mhise m’ athair. ― I am not my father.
    Cha bhòrd bòrd gun aran ach ’s bòrd aran leis fhèin. ― A table without bread is no table but bread is a table by itself.
    Cha toigh leam càise. ― I don't like cheese.

Usage notes

  • Before a word starting with a vowel or fh, the form chan is used.
  • Lenites the following word unless it starts with t or d, although in some dialects those words may be lenited as well.
  • Does not lenite pronouns except for mi, mise.

Inflection

Conjugation of is (highly irregular, defective)
singular plural
first second third m/f first second third
independent present is mi is tu is e/i is sinn is sibh is iad
past bu mhi bu tu b' e/i bu sinn bu sibh b' iad
conditional
negative present cha mhi cha tu chan e/i cha sinn cha sibh chan iad
past cha bu mhi cha bu tu cha b' e/i cha bu sinn cha bu sibh cha b' iad
conditional
affirmative
interrogative 		present am mi? an tu? an e/i? an sinn? an sibh? an iad?
past am bu mhi? am bu tu? am b' e/i? am bu sinn? am bu sibh? am b' iad?
conditional
Negative
interrogative 		present nach mi? nach tu? nach e/i? nach sinn? nach sibh? nach iad?
past nach bu mhi? nach bu tu? nach b' e/i? nach bu sinn? nach bu sibh? nach b' iad?
conditional

References

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese chá, from Macanese Cantonese 茶 (caa4). Compare Tagalog tsa, Cebuano tsa. Doublet of té.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈt͡ʃa/ [ˈt͡ʃa]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: cha

Noun

cha m (plural chas)

  1. (Philippines, historical) tea
    Synonym: té

Further reading

Swahili

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

-cha (infinitive kucha)

  1. to dawn, (of the sun) to rise
    Antonym: -chwa
  2. to fear, be afraid
Usage notes

In Standard Swahili, the sense "to fear" is used of reverential fear, generally fearing God. However, in the Mombasa dialect, it is used as a synonym of -ogopa.

Conjugation
Conjugation of -cha
Positive present -nakucha
Subjunctive -che
Negative -chi
Imperative singular kucha
Infinitives
Positive kucha
Negative kutokucha
Imperatives
Singular kucha
Plural kucheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hucha
Positive past positive subject concord + -likucha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kucha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakucha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakucha/nakucha tunakucha
2nd person unakucha mnakucha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakucha wanakucha
other classes positive subject concord + -nakucha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -chi)
Singular Plural
1st person sichi hatuchi
2nd person huchi hamchi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hachi hawachi
other classes negative subject concord + -chi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takucha
Negative future negative subject concord + -takucha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -che)
Singular Plural
1st person niche tuche
2nd person uche mche
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ache wache
other classes positive subject concord + -che
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siche
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekucha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekucha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikucha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikucha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -acha)
Singular Plural
1st person nacha twacha
2nd person wacha mwacha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) acha wacha
m-mi(III/IV) wacha yacha
ji-ma(V/VI) lacha yacha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chacha vyacha
n(IX/X) yacha zacha
u(XI) wacha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwacha
pa(XVI) pacha
mu(XVIII) mwacha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekucha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakucha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jacha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kicha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokucha
Consecutive kacha / positive subject concord + -kacha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kache
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nicha -tucha
2nd person -kucha -wacha/-kucheni/-wacheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mcha -wacha
m-mi(III/IV) -ucha -icha
ji-ma(V/VI) -licha -yacha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kicha -vicha
n(IX/X) -icha -zicha
u(XI) -ucha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kucha
pa(XVI) -pacha
mu(XVIII) -mucha
Reflexive -jicha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -cha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -chaye -chao
m-mi(III/IV) -chao -chayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -chalo -chayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chacho -chavyo
n(IX/X) -chayo -chazo
u(XI) -chao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -chako
pa(XVI) -chapo
mu(XVIII) -chamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kucha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekucha -okucha
m-mi(III/IV) -okucha -yokucha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokucha -yokucha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokucha -vyokucha
n(IX/X) -yokucha -zokucha
u(XI) -okucha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokucha
pa(XVI) -pokucha
mu(XVIII) -mokucha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Other scripts
Ajami گَـ

Particle

cha

  1. Ki class inflected form of -a.

Swazi

Interjection

cha

  1. no

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

cha (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ)

  1. Alternative form of tsa

Etymology 2

From fast pronunciation spelling of tihaya.

Pronunciation

Adjective

châ (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜐ) (card games, dated, slang)

  1. face-up (in playing cards)
    Synonym: tihaya
    Antonyms: chub, taob
Alternative forms
See also

Vietnamese

Etymology

Compare Limchowese 吒 (zaa1, “father”).

Pronunciation

Noun

cha • (乍, 吒, 𤕔)

  1. (dated or literary or Catholicism) a father
  2. (Southern Vietnam, humorous) a dude
    Synonyms: bố, cha nội
    Thôi dẹp đi cha!
    Stop it, dude!

Pronoun

cha

  1. (dated or literary) I/me, your father
  2. (dated or literary) you, my father
  3. (Catholicism) you, father

Derived terms

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Welsh

Verb

cha

  1. Aspirate mutation of ca.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ca ga ngha cha
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Western Apache

Pronunciation

Noun

cha

  1. beaver

Woleaian

Etymology

From Proto-Micronesian *caa, from Proto-Oceanic *draʀaq, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *daʀaq, from Proto-Austronesian *daʀaq.

Noun

cha

  1. blood

Verb

cha

  1. (stative) red
  2. (stative) bloody, bleeding

Ye'kwana

Variant orthographies
ALIV cha
Brazilian standard cha
New Tribes cha

Pronunciation

Particle

cha

  1. Allomorph of ka (interrogative particle) used after words that end in i.

Zacatepec Chatino

Adjective

cha

  1. sharp

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Interjection

cha

  1. no
    Synonym: qha

References

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