ka

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Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

The etymology for the ISO 639-1 code for Georgian is from Georgian ქართული ენა (kartuli ena).

Symbol

ka

  1. kiloyear (also ky, kyr)
  2. thousands of years ago
  3. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Georgian.

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.

Noun

ka (plural kas)

  1. A spiritual part of the soul in Egyptian mythology, which survived after death.
    • 1983, Norman Mailer, Ancient Evenings:
      Then, I wondered how long I must wait before seeing my Double, but if I recalled, the Ka was not supposed to appear before the seventy days of embalming were done.
    • 1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae:
      Hence Dorian's portrait is like the ka or double of the deceased in Egyptian tombs, heaped with toys and furniture.
    • 2011, Neil Gaiman, American Gods (Tenth Anniversary Edition), William Morrow 2013, p. 179:
      ‘You could bind the ka of a man to his body for five thousand years,’ said Jaquel.

Etymology 2

Origin uncertain.

Verb

ka

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To serve or help; used only in the phrase "Ka me, ka thee" or variants thereof.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.5:
      Now nature stood ever on this point, Kæ mee Ile kæ thee, and ever ready to bee even alwaies on recompences and vicissitude of things, and to give as good as one brings.
    • 1821 January 8, [Walter Scott], Kenilworth; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; and John Ballantyne, […]; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC:
      Ka me, ka thee, is a proverb all over the world.

References

Etymology 3

Noun

ka (plural kas)

  1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter К / к.

See also

Anagrams

Acehnese

Adverb

ka

  1. already

Afar

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ká

  1. he, him

Usage notes

  • The form káa is used when the pronoun isn't followed by a clitic.

See also

Afar personal pronouns
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Subject Singular anú atú úsuk ís
Plural nanú isín úsun
Object Singular yó kó ká tét
Plural né sín kén

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ka”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Ainu

Etymology

Likely a loan word from Nivkh [script needed] (ha) (bearing the same meaning), given that the traps were of the same type and that sable hunting was taken up on Sakhalin for export to Qing China, to whom the Nivkh were nearer.

Pronunciation

Noun

ka

  1. sable trap

References

Albanian

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From older kah, from *kah ~ ngah (compare Tosk Albanian nga), from Proto-Albanian *en kaxa, from Proto-Indo-European *en kʷod so (“wherein, wherefrom”), literally ‘in which this’. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic къ (kŭ, “to”).

Preposition

ka (+ nominative) [1]

  1. from, out, out of, to
    Jo, unë nuk jam ka Shqipëria.
    No, I am not from Albania.
  2. who, whom

Etymology 2

From earlier *kaha, from Proto-Albanian *koso, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁s- (“scratch, cut”). For sense development, compare Slavic *volь - ox, from *valiti - to throw down, castrate.[2] Alternatively, the plural form qe suggests an earlier *kʷē, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“ox, cow”) via an unidentified Indo-European language.[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

ka m (plural qe, definite kau, definite plural qetë)

  1. ox
  2. steer
Declension
Declension of ka
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ka kau qe qetë
accusative kaun
dative kau kaut qeve qeve
ablative qesh
Hyponyms

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ka

  1. third-person singular present indicative of kam

References

  1. ^ Fialuur i voghel Sccyp e ltinisct (Small Dictionary of Albanian and Latin), page 51, by P. Jak Junkut, 1895, Sckoder
  2. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ka”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 160
  3. ^ Orel - Balcanica pg. 114

Amanab

Pronoun

ka

  1. I (first person singular nominative)

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

From Malay ke.

Preposition

ka

  1. to, towards

References

  • D. Takaria, C. Pieter (1998) Kamus Bahasa Melayu Ambon-Indonesia‎[2], Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *kaː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ; cognate with Sedang ká, Vietnamese cá, Mon က (kaʔ).

Pronunciation

Noun

ka

  1. fish

Bambara

Particle

ka

  1. possessive marker
    an ka jamana
    our country

Particle

ka

  1. particle linking subject and predicative adjective
    A ka ɲi
    It's good
    Kidali ka jan
    Kidal is far away

Basque

Pronunciation

Noun

ka inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Declension

Declension of ka (inanimate, ending in -a)
indefinite singular plural
absolutive ka ka kak
ergative kak kak kek
dative kari kari kei
genitive karen karen ken
comitative karekin karekin kekin
causative karengatik karengatik kengatik
benefactive karentzat karentzat kentzat
instrumental kaz kaz kez
inessive katan kan ketan
locative katako kako ketako
allative katara kara ketara
terminative kataraino karaino ketaraino
directive katarantz karantz ketarantz
destinative katarako karako ketarako
ablative katatik katik ketatik
partitive karik — —
prolative katzat — —

See also

Central Pomo

Noun

ka

  1. water

Chuukese

Pronoun

ka

  1. you (singular)

Adjective

ka

  1. you are
Present and past tense Negative tense Future Negative future Distant future Negative determinate
Singular First person ua use upwe usap upwap ute
Second person ka, ke kose, kese kopwe, kepwe kosap, kesap kopwap, kepwap kote, kete
Third person a ese epwe esap epwap ete
Plural First person aua (exclusive)
sia (inclusive)		 ause (exclusive)
sise (inclusive)		 aupwe (exclusive)
sipwe (inclusive)		 ausap (exclusive)
sisap (inclusive)		 aupwap (exclusive)
sipwap (inclusive)		 aute (exclusive)
site (inclusive)
Second person oua ouse oupwe ousap oupwap oute
Third person ra, re rese repwe resap repwap rete


Cimbrian

Etymology

Shortened form of kan.

Preposition

ka

  1. Alternative form of kan, used before words starting with s.

Further reading

  • “ka” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Drung

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka.

Noun

ka

  1. word

References

  • Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung‎[3], Santa Barbara: University of California

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From kade.

Noun

ka f (plural kaden or kades or ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

  1. Alternative form of kade.

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Possibly from Catharina Mulder or "Kaat Mossel".

Noun

ka f (plural ka's, diminutive kaatje n)

  1. (Netherlands, derogatory) dominant woman
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Related to kauw.

Noun

ka f (plural ka's or kauwen, diminutive kaatje n or kauwtje n)

  1. Alternative form of kauw.

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Egyptian kꜣ.

Noun

ka c (plural ka's)

  1. ka (ancient Egyptian notion of the soul, shown as a bird)

Estonian

Etymology

Derived from kaasas.

Adverb

ka (not comparable)

  1. also, too
    Tema läks ka metsa.
    He also went to the forest.

Ewe

Pronunciation

Noun

ka (plural kawo)

  1. cord
  2. line
  3. rope
  4. string

Verb

ka

  1. to bite
  2. to break
  3. to chip
  4. to rummage

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑ
  • Syllabification(key): ka

Etymology 1

Variant of kaa, both shortenings of kanssa.

Adverb

ka (rare, dialectal)

  1. also, too
    Minä menin kauppaan ka.
    I went to a shop as well.

Etymology 2

A dialectal or colloquial 2nd person imperative present of katsoa (“to look”).

Verb

ka

  1. (dialectal, colloquial) look!
    Ka!
Synonyms

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ka/ ~ /kɑ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑ

Noun

ka m (plural kas)

  1. kay, The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Fula

Preposition

ka

  1. to, in, at

Suffix

ka

  1. Noun class indicator for nouns (singular) including abstractions and borrowed words

Usage notes

Article

ka

  1. (definite) the (when it follows the noun)
    taasa ka ― the bowl

Usage notes

Determiner

ka

  1. (used in indicating something)
    ka taasa ― this/that bowl

Usage notes

References

Futuna-Aniwa

Verb

ka

  1. (Aniwa) to squeal

German

Phrase

ka

  1. (Internet slang) Alternative spelling of k. A.
    • 2004 September 21, Tilman Wetter, “Schaltauge nachrüsten?”, in de.rec.fahrrad‎[4] (Usenet):
      Na gut
      Mir war halt so nach schnellspannnabe, wegen Reifenwechseln undsoweiter.
      Ich hab ka nun den zweiten Totenkopf abgerissen und die 14er Schlüssel
      ziehen Winters immer in den Süden :-(
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2005 December 10, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german‎[5] (Usenet):
      Kann mir da einer helfen? ich hab absolut ka woran es liegt. AUs der config von xine bin ich zum nicht schlauer geworden.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2006 January 12, Alexander Jede, “einfrierende Maus bei xine”, in linux.debian.user.german‎[6] (Usenet):
      irgendwo hab ich aufgeschnappt das mitte Februar neue Dual Core CPU´s auf den Markt kommen.Bitte nicht fragen wo ich das her hab,ka vieleicht bilde ich mir das ja auch nur ein ;-)
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From African origin. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ka.

Adverb

ka

  1. not

Haitian Creole

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From French cas (“case”).

Noun

ka

  1. case, instance

Etymology 2

Contraction of kapab, from French capable

Verb

ka

  1. (auxiliary) can, be able to

Hausa

Pronunciation

Adverb

kā

  1. (with dà or à) in or on

References

  • Newman, Paul (2007) A Hausa-English Dictionary (Yale Language Series), New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 102.

Hawaiian

Alternative forms

  • ke (before words that begin with 'k', 'a', 'e', or 'o')

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Article

ka sg (plural nā)

  1. the

Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 家 (“home; family; household; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 家).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鳩 (“pigeon; dove (family; to gather; to assemble; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鳩).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 鉸 (“scissors; to cut with scissors; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鉸).
For pronunciation and definitions of ka – see 加 (“to put on top of another object; to add; to put in; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 加).

Iban

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /käʔ̚/

Verb

ka

  1. (informal, modal auxiliary) Contraction of deka.
    Aku ka makai asi.
    I want to eat rice.

Ido

Etymology

See kad. Decision no. 16, Progreso II. Based on the apocopic forms a, e, and o.

Pronunciation

Particle

ka

  1. Apocopic form of kad (used before a consonant)
    Ka tu amoras me? ― Do you love me?

References

  • Progreso II (in Ido), 1909–1910, page 15, 357, 579

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch kaa.

Pronunciation

Noun

ka

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter K/k.

Synonyms

  • ke (Standard Malay)

See also

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

ka

  1. The hiragana syllable か (ka) or the katakana syllable カ (ka) in Hepburn romanization.

Javanese

Etymology

Clipping of ika

Determiner

ka

  1. (colloquial) yonder

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From African origin.

Adverb

ka

  1. not

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).

Particle

ka

  1. marks a sentence as interrogative
    Kalaraman ka?
    Is it a lie?
    Nanka?
    What's up?
    • 1617, Francisco Coronel, Arte y reglas de la lengua Pampanga:
      Sucat mo casing bitasan quing micabucasan ca?
      Can you by chance assure us that you will arrive tomorrow?
  2. whether (or not)
    X ka Y ka?
    Are you an X or Y?
    Munta ka alika?
    Are you going or not?
  3. used with o to mark list and to connect choices being considered with uncertainty
    Ini ka o ita ka, sanu kareni.
    This or that?, which one of these?
    Magpasta ka o magpitsa ka?
    Are you gonna eat pasta or pizza?

Pronoun

ka

  1. you (second person singular)
    Kaluguran daka
    I love you
    Mamun ka kang inda
    Say goodbye to your mother

Usage notes

  • The word ka usually replaces ika when in the middle of a sentence.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayu, ikayu.

See also

Latin

Pronunciation

Noun

kā f (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter K.

Coordinate terms

References

  • Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32
    Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū — each, again, with a long vowel sound.

Latvian

Etymology

Originally an old neuter nominative singular form of kas (“who, what”) that acquired the function of a conjunction. Cognates include Old Prussian ka (“who, what”).[1]

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ka

  1. that; used to link a subordinate clause to the main clause, sometimes with a pronominal antecedent (tas, tāds, tik, tādēļ, tāpēc), with various different functions:
    (a) subject:
    labi, ka darbs padarīts ― (it is) good that the work is done
    viņam nepatika, ka tagad viņi ar Plienu bija palikuši tikai divi ― he didn't like that now only he and Pliens had remained
    aplam darīts arī tas, ka divās dienās nopļāva visu Spilvas pļavu ― wrongly done was also that (= the fact) that (he) mowed the entire Spilva meadow in two days
    tveice bija tāda, ka šķita - tīrums smaržo kā liela rudzu kalte ― the heat was such that one felt (as if) the field smelled like a big rye drier
    (b) attributive complement, (secondary) predicate
    pienāca ziņa, ka tēvs saslimis ― there is news that father is sick
    viņi nolaida karogus per zīmi, ka demonstrācija beigusies ― they lowered the flags as a sign that the protest was over
    vēl vairāk sirdi nospeiž sāpes, / ka atkal apkārt tikai mežs ― even more the heart is oppressed by the pain / that again (there is) only forest around
    ir tāds karstums, ka pat putniņi paslēpušies ― (there) is such a heat that even the little birds are hiding
    (c) direct object
    viņš teica, ka varam iet ― he said that we could go
    Ģirts redzēja, ka Artūrs nekā neapjēdz, ka labāk runāt par ko citu ― Ģirts saw that Artūrs would never realize that it would be better to talk about something else
    Krančelis izrādīja visu savu nemieru ar to, ka nevarēja meiteni iepriecināt ― Krančelis showed all his concern with that (= the fact) that he could not cheer up the girl
    kas gan var būt vēl skaistāks pasaulē par to, ka cilvēks palīdz cilvēkam un draugs - draugam! ― what can be more beautiful in (this) world than that (= the fact) that a person helps (another) person and a friend - (another) friend!
    (d) adverbial complement (manner)
    viņpus upes krastā Preimanis lādējās, ka visa pamale skanēja ― on the shore, on the other side of the river, Preimanis cursed (in such a way) that the whole horizon resounded (with his curses)
    Saulītis krāca tā, ka ārā varēja dzirdēt ― Saulītis snored so (= in such a way) that one could hear it outside
    (e) adverbial complement (cause)
    (often tāpēc ka, tādēļ ka, less frequently tamdēļ ka, tālab ka, “for the reason that”)
    viņai kļūst kauns par sevi, ka pat domās pieļāvusi salīdzinājumu ― she felt ashamed of herself, that (= because) she had allowed herself (to make) this comparison even in thought
    publicisti uzbruka rakstniekiem, ka tie bez īstas kvēles un dedzības ķeras pagatavot lugas ― the publishers attacked the writers that (= because) they tried to prepare (= write) plays without real fervor and zeal
    “bet varbūt tāpēc līst, ka man sāp zobs”, viņš iedomājās ― “but maybe it is raining for that reason, that (= because) my tooth hurts,” he thought
    krievu valoda mums jāprot tādēļ, ka tā ir mūsu kaimiņu un draugu valoda ― we must know Russian for that reason, that (= because) it is the language of our neighbors and friends
    Ješka nepaguva atbildēt, tāpēc ka papriekš gribēja iedzert ― Ješka couldn't answer, because he first wanted to drink
    tu, tēvoc, daudz ko nedzirdi, tādēļ ka kurls esi palicis ― you, uncle, haven't heard much, because you have become deaf
    (f) adverbial complement (consequence)
    (often tā kā “so that”)
    otrā rītā sāp mugura, ka tīri vai jāraud ― the next morning (his) back was in pain, (so much) that (he) simply had to cry
    visi bija tik satraukti, ka nemanīja, vai viņš atsveicinās vai ne ― everybody was so excited that (they) did not noticed whether or not he said goodbye
    Ainas acis vērāas tik mierīgas un vēas, ka viņš atmeta šādu domu ― (but) Aina's eyes were so peaceful and cool (= calm) that he abandoned such thought(s)
    dejotāju kājas bija noru noblietējušas tā, ka zeme sāka skanēt ― the dancers' feet had stomped the (forest) glade so (= in such a way) that the earth began to resound
    vējš gaudoja aizvien stiprāk, tā ka sāka jau drebēt majas jumts ― the wind howled more and more strongly, so that the house roof began to shake
    vecais zvirbulis bija ļoti noskumis un kļuva pat neuzmanīgs, tā ka to gandrīz noķēra pelēkais Minka ― the old sparrow had become very sad and even inattentive, so that the gray Minka (= cat) almost caught him
    (g) adverbial complement (purpose)
    pēc malkas ej, ka var kurināt tam akmenim virsū! ― go find wood, (so) that we can burn it on (top of) that rock
    skrien kā traks, ka tikai izraut lielāku normu ― I run (= work) like crazy, (so) that I may get a larger margin (= advantage)
    (h) adverbial complement (measure, proportion)
    tūlīt pēc kara pievairojis bija pelēču, ka mudž ― immediately after the war the grays (= landowners) became many, (so much) that (they) were swarming
    viņa steidzās tik ļoti, ka neievēroja vaļējās klēts durvis un tajās sēdošo cilvēku ― she hurried so much that (she) did not notice the open barn door and the person sitting in(side of) it
    vai tik daudz sāpju sevī pārvarēji, / ka tikai prieku spēsi citiem sniegt? ― have you overcome so much pain in yourself / that you will be able to give only joy to others?
    (i) adverbial complement (condition)
    kas tas par draugu, ka nevar palīdzēt? ― what kind of friend is he, that (= if) he can't help?
    kur gan esat, zilie ceriņi, ka nekur vairs nesatieku jūs? ― where are you, blue lilac, that (= if) I don't find you anywhere?

Particle

ka

  1. used to add a nuance of probability or doubt to a, usually negative, utterance, to make it optative, expressive of a desire (cf. kaut); may...
    jāsagrābj siens, ka neuznāk lietus ― (we) have to rake the hay together, may rain not come (i.e., maybe there will be rain)
    vispirms gādājiet, lai rudzi tiek statos; ka neuznāk krusa ― first of all make sure that the rye is in heaps; may hail not come (= i.e., maybe there will be hail)
    ka tik viņš neaizietu! ― may he only not leave! if only he wouldn't leave!
    “ka nenositas”, Nikolajs ieminas, bet onkulis atmet at roku: “liels puisietis, nenositīsies” ― “may he not get himself killed” (i.e., he probably won't get himself killed), Nikolas said, and uncle gestured with his hand: “(he is) a big boy, he won't get himself killed”
    “ak, ka tak viss neietu tik lēnām... tos, kas nomirs, tos tak ielaidīs jūrā?” “laikam”
    “oh, may everything not go so slowly (= if only everything didn't go so slowly)... those who died, they will be thrown into the sea?” “maybe”
    pagája labs brīdis, bet necēlās neviens no pakritušajiem skrējējiem... ka viņu vilks, nu būs abi divi beigti ― a good while went by, but none of the fallen runners stood up... may (the devil) take him, they now will be (= probably are) both finished (= dead)
  2. used to reinforce the intensity of an action or activity, usually with a repeated verb; ... and ...
    māte tik naigi dur ka dur - šuj savu šujamo ― mother so quickly pierced and pierced - she sows her sowing (= what she needs to sow, i.e. she is certainly carrying out her task)

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ka”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

Noun

ka m inan

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter k/K.

See also

Malay

Noun

ka

  1. Abbreviation of kaki (“foot (unit of measurement)”).

Further reading

Mandarin

Romanization

ka

  1. Nonstandard spelling of kā.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of kǎ.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of kà.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mangas

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ka

  1. second person singular personal pronoun, you

References

  • Blench, Robert; Bulkaam, Michael (2021) An Introduction to Mantsi, a South Bauchi language of Central Nigeria. University of Cambridge.

Maori

Particle

ka

  1. Marks an event as occurring at some time or as existing
  2. when; used before a verb to indicate the start of an action or state
  3. Marks a verb as being in future tense
  4. Used when counting numbers
    Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru...
    One, two, three...
  5. Used in commands with taua and tātou
    ātou ka haere
    let's go
  6. now (for the first time); when used after kātahi anō

References

  • "ka" - Maori Dictionary

Mapudungun

Adverb

ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. too; also

Synonyms

Conjunction

ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. and

Determiner

ka (Raguileo spelling)

  1. another; not the same

Mizo

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kaj ~ kaj-maʔ , from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-j ~ ka (“I; me”).

Pronoun

ka

  1. I; me

References

Namuyi

Pronunciation

Noun

ka

  1. bed

Naxi

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ).

Adjective

ka

  1. bitter

References

  • Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012

Northern Pomo

Noun

ka

  1. water

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronoun

ka

  1. form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ka

  1. (dialectal, Trøndelag, Northern Norway, Vestlandet, non-standard since 1959) alternative form of kva (“what”)
    Ka e da du gjere på?
    What are you doing?

Old Prussian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas.

Pronoun

ka

  1. (interrogative) what
  2. (relative) what

References

  • Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “ka”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎[7] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
  • W. R. Schmalstieg (1971) “New Look at the Old Prussian Pronoun”, in Baltistica VII(2), Vilnius: Vilniau Universitetas

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

Etymology 1

From the masculine and neuter respectively of Sanskrit क (ká), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kás, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷós.

Pronoun

ka m

  1. (interrogative) who
  2. (interrogative) what
  3. (interrogative) which
    • 2006, The First Book in the Suttanta-Pitaka: Dīgha-Nikāya (I)‎[8], page 82:
      කන‍්නු ඛ‍්වජ‍්ජ සමණං වා බ්‍රාහ‍්මණං වා පයිරුපාසෙය්‍යාම යන‍්නො පයිරුපාසතො චිත‍්තං පසීදෙය්‍යා!"ති
      kannu khvajja samaṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇaṃ vā payirupāseyyāma yanno payirupāsato cittaṃ pasīdeyyā!"ti
      Indeed now which ascetic or Brahmin should we visit today who, for us visiting him, will soothe the heart?
Usage notes

The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)koke
Accusative (second)kaṃke
Instrumental (third)kenakehi or kebhi
Dative (fourth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kismākehi or kebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhikesu
Derived terms
  • kā (“who (f)”)

Pronoun

ka n

  1. (interrogative) what
  2. (interrogative) which
Usage notes

The pronoun may function as an interrogative adjective.

Declension
Declension table of "ka" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)kiṃkāni
Accusative (second)kiṃkāni
Instrumental (third)kenakehi or kebhi
Dative (fourth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kismākehi or kebhi
Genitive (sixth)kassa or kissakesaṃ or kesānaṃ
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or kismiṃ or kimhikesu
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Probably from the pronunciation of a syllable consisting only of the letter.

Noun

ka m

  1. the Pali letter 'k'
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[9], page 4; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, स, ह, ळ, ं। इति व्यञ्जन नाम होन्ति।
      Ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca, cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha, da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la, va, sa, ha, ḷa, aṃ, iti vyañjanā nāma honti.
      'k', 'kh', 'g', 'gh', 'ṅ', 'c', 'ch', 'j', 'jh', 'ñ, 'ṭ', 'ṭh', 'ḍ', 'ḍh', 'ṇ', 't', 'th', 'd', 'dh', 'n', 'p', 'ph', 'b', 'bh', 'm', 'y', 'r', 'l', 'v', 's', 'h', 'ḷ' and 'ṃ', these are the consonants by name.
    • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎[10], page 12; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
      को यस्स यथा-सको।
      Ko yassa yathā-sako.
      'K' from 'y' as in 'sako'.
Declension
Declension table of "ka" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingular
Nominative (first)ko
Accusative (second)kaṃ
Instrumental (third)kena
Dative (fourth)kassa or kāya or katthaṃ
Ablative (fifth)kasmā or kamhā or kā
Genitive (sixth)kassa
Locative (seventh)kasmiṃ or kamhi or ke
Vocative (calling)ka
Synonyms

References

  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “ka˚”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Picuris

Verb

ka

  1. to wash

Further reading

  • Dominic Yu, Comparative Phonology of Picurís and Taos (2008)

Pitjantjatjara

Conjunction

ka

  1. and (switching)
    Watingku maḻu nyangu ka wirtjapakaṉu.
    The man saw the kangaroo and the kangaroo ran away.

Usage notes

  • Ka is a switching conjunction. When it links two clauses or sentences, it conveys that the second clause has a different subject from the first. In cases where the subject remains the same, the conjunction munu is used. In the example above, the subject of the second clause need not be "the kangaroo", although that seems the most likely possibility from context. The ku simply tells us that someone or something other than wati (the subject of the first clause) ran away.
  • Although ka is spelt with a short a, the vowel is actually long (kaa). The misleading spelling exists for historical reasons.

Portuguese

Alternative forms

Interjection

ka

  1. ha (representation of laughter)

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *ka-, *ka. Cognates include Hawaiian ʻa- and Maori ka.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈka/
  • Hyphenation: ka

Particle

ka

  1. Used to indicate the future tense.
  2. Used to indicate the imperative mood.
  3. Used to indicate the jussive mood.
  4. Used to indicate the temporal contiguity of an action.
  5. Used to indicate the conditional mood of a relative clause.
  6. Used to form a counting form from of the following numeral.
    Ka tahi, ka rua, ka toru. ― One, two, three.

Interjection

¡ka!

  1. Intensifies the following verb; how! what a!
    ¡Ka ma'itaki 'ō! ― How very beautiful!

Usage notes

  • Ka is often used to convey an objective intensification, while ko is used when one has a strong emotion towards the subject.

References

  • Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎[11], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 153, 330, 477, 491

Rawang

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Compare Burmese ကြက် (krak).

Noun

ka

  1. chicken.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-ka-(n/m/ŋ) (“bitter”). Cognate with Burmese ခါး (hka:), Old Chinese 苦 (OC *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs).

Adjective

ka

  1. bitter.

Scots

Alternative forms

Etymology

Of imitative origin, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”), English caw.

Noun

ka (plural kas)

  1. jackdaw

Serbo-Croatian

Preposition

ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. Alternative form of k

Synonyms

Adverb

ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like

Synonyms

Conjunction

ka

  1. (Chakavian, Montenegro) as, like

Synonyms

Pronoun

ka (Cyrillic spelling ка)

  1. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, interrogative) which (feminine)
  2. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, relative) which, that, who (feminine)
  3. (Chakavian, Kajkavian, indefinite) some (feminine)

Synonyms

Somali

Etymology 1

Preposition

ka

  1. from
  2. away from
  3. out of
  4. about, concerning
Usage notes
  • In Somali, prepositions fall before the verb and not before the noun they modify:
    Ka imow. ― To come from.
    Ka keen. ― To bring from.

Etymology 2

Article

ka

  1. Alternative spelling of -ka
    Garaash ka fur. ― Open the garage.

References

  • Puglielli, Annarita, Mansuur, Cabdalla Cumar (2012) “ka”, in Qaamuuska Af-Soomaliga‎[12], Rome: RomaTrE-Press, →ISBN

Spanish

Pronunciation

Noun

ka f (plural kas)

  1. Name of the letter k

Further reading

Sumerian

Romanization

ka

  1. Romanization of 𒅗 (ka)

Swahili

Etymology

From the -ka- consecutive tense marker.

Pronunciation

Adverb

ka

  1. and then (used between a series of actions that happened soon closely together)

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Influenced by Baybayin character ᜃ (ka).

Pronunciation

Noun

ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

  1. the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abakada alphabet
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
  2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter K/k, in the Abecedario
    Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) key
See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka (“2sg. subject pronoun”).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ka (Baybayin spelling ᜃ) (postpositive)

  1. you (second person singular)
Usage notes
  • The word ka usually replaces ikaw when in the middle of a clause.
  • When speaking to be polite, use the plural form kayo.
Alternative forms
See also
Tagalog personal pronouns
Person Number Direct (ang) Indirect (ng) Oblique (sa)
First singular ako ko akin
dual1 kita, kata nita, nata, ta kanita, kanata, ata
plural inclusive tayo natin atin
plural exclusive kami namin amin
First & Second singular kita2
Second singular ikaw, ka mo iyo
plural kayo, kamo ninyo, niyo inyo
Third singular siya niya kaniya
plural sila nila kanila
1 First person dual pronouns are not commonly used in Standard Tagalog.
2 Replaces ko ikaw.

Etymology 3

From clipping of wika.

Pronunciation

Noun

kâ (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)

  1. Alternative spelling of 'ka
Derived terms

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English car.

Noun

ka

  1. car

Tuvaluan

Particle

ka

  1. future tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Ujir

Numeral

ka

  1. four

References

  • Antoinette Schapper, Marian Klamer, Numeral systems in the Alor-Pantar languages

Veps

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

ka

  1. yes
  2. certainly, absolutely
  3. naturally, of course
  4. let's [with first-person plural imperative]

Conjunction

ka

  1. but
  2. then (in "if...then" constructions)

References

Volapük

Conjunction

ka

  1. than (used for comparisons)

Ye'kwana

Alternative forms

  • cha (allomorph after i)

Pronunciation

Particle

ka

  1. Forms a polar (yes/no) question.

Usage notes

In most circumstances this particle is found in the second position in a sentence (immediately after the first constituent). Occasionally, for unclear reasons, it may appear elsewhere.

References

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “ka”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[14], Lyon, pages 158–159

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Cognate with Igala káà

Pronunciation

Verb

kà

  1. (intransitive, transitive) to count
  2. (intransitive, transitive) to read
Usage notes
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Likely cognate with Igala kà (“to tell”) and Igbo kà (“to speak”), perhaps related to Nupe gàn

Pronunciation

Verb

kà

  1. (transitive) to confess (literally, "to recount previous misdeeds involuntarily or under duress")
Usage notes
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms
  • ìkà (“the act of confession”)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

kà

  1. to buy things in the hundreds
Usage notes
  • ka before a direct object
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Cognate with Igala ká

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

ká

  1. (transitive) to pluck fruit (from a tree)
  2. to break something; to knock off something
  3. (idiomatic) to become snapped under pressure
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Verb

ká

  1. (transitive) to curl or fold something
    Fọlá, wá bá mi ká aṣọ! ― Fọla, come and help me fold the clothes
  2. (intransitive) to become curled or folded
  3. to constrain someone (often via supernatural means)
  4. (idiomatic) to get something under control
    apá àtẹ́lẹwọ́ kì í ká ilé ― The arm of the palm cannot control the house (Yoruba incantation)
Derived terms

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Verb

ká

  1. to be everywhere
Usage notes
  • Used especially in the V2 position
Derived terms
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