pener

Middle English

Noun

pener

1. Alternative form of penner

Old French

Alternative forms

• peiner
• painer

Etymology

peine +‎ -er

Verb

pener

1. to torture; to torment
2. (reflexive, se pener) to make an effort; to try

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. This verb has a stressed present stem pein distinct from the unstressed stem pen. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of pener (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		pener			avoir pené
gerund		en penant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		penant
past participle		pené
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	pein	peines	peine	penons	penez	peinent
	imperfect	penoie, peneie, penoe, peneve	penoies, peneies, penoes, peneves	penoit, peneit, penot, peneve	peniiens, peniens	peniiez, peniez	penoient, peneient, penoent, penevent
	preterite	penai	penas	pena	penames	penastes	penerent
	future	penerai	peneras	penera	penerons	peneroiz, penereiz, penerez	peneront
	conditional	peneroie, penereie	peneroies, penereies	peneroit, penereit	peneriiens, peneriens	peneriiez, peneriez	peneroient, penereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	pein	peins	peint	penons	penez	peinent
	imperfect	penasse	penasses	penast	penissons, penissiens	penissoiz, penissez, penissiez	penassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	peine	—	penons	penez	—

Synonyms

• travailler
• doloir

Descendants

• English: pain
• French: peiner

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Penner.

Noun

pener m pers (female equivalent penera)

1. (Poznań, derogatory) bum

   Synonyms: kloszard, lump, menel, żul

Declension

Declension of pener

	singular	plural
nominative	pener	penerzy/penery
genitive	penera	penerów
dative	penerowi	penerom
accusative	penera	penerów
instrumental	penerem	penerami
locative	penerze	penerach
vocative	penerze	penerzy/penery

Derived terms

adjective

• penerski

 

verb

• penerzyć

 

Further reading

• pener in Polish dictionaries at PWN