համ

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See also: համ-

Armenian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Armenian համ (ham).

Noun

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համ (ham)

  1. taste, savour
Declension
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i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)
singular plural
nominative համ (ham) համեր (hamer)
dative համի (hami) համերի (hameri)
ablative համից (hamicʻ) համերից (hamericʻ)
instrumental համով (hamov) համերով (hamerov)
locative համում (hamum) համերում (hamerum)
definite forms
nominative համը/համն (hamə/hamn) համերը/համերն (hamerə/hamern)
dative համին (hamin) համերին (hamerin)
1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative համս (hams) համերս (hamers)
dative համիս (hamis) համերիս (hameris)
ablative համիցս (hamicʻs) համերիցս (hamericʻs)
instrumental համովս (hamovs) համերովս (hamerovs)
locative համումս (hamums) համերումս (hamerums)
2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative համդ (hamd) համերդ (hamerd)
dative համիդ (hamid) համերիդ (hamerid)
ablative համիցդ (hamicʻd) համերիցդ (hamericʻd)
instrumental համովդ (hamovd) համերովդ (hamerovd)
locative համումդ (hamumd) համերումդ (hamerumd)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Middle Armenian համ (ham), from Persian هم (ham). In some dialects, via Ottoman Turkish هم (hem).

Conjunction

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համ (ham)

  1. (colloquial, dialectal) and, both
    համ սա, համ նաham sa, ham naboth this and that
Usage notes
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Used before each listed item.

Alternative forms
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Further reading

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  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1902) “հէմ”, in Tʻurkʻerēni azdecʻutʻiwnə hayerēni vray ew tʻurkʻerēnē pʻoxaṙeal baṙerə Pōlsi hay žoġovrdakan lezuin mēǰ hamematutʻeamb Vani, Ġarabaġi ew Nor-Naxiǰewani barbaṙnerun [The influence of Turkish on Armenian, and the Turkish borrowings in the vernacular Armenian of Constantinople in comparison with the dialects of Van, Karabakh and Nor Nakhichevan] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 3) (in Armenian), Moscow and Vagharshapat: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages
  • Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944–1945) “համ₄”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House

Old Armenian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *sh₁p-mo-, from *seh₁p-.

Noun

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համ (ham)

  1. taste
    • 5th century, Bible, Exodus 16.31:[1]
      Եւ անուանեցին որդիքն Իսրայելի զանուն նորա Ման։ եւ նա էր իբրեւ զսերմն գնձոյ՝ սպիտակ, եւ համ նորա իբրեւ զխորիսխ մեղու։
      Ew anuanecʻin ordikʻn Israyeli zanun nora Man. ew na ēr ibrew zsermn gnjoy, spitak, ew ham nora ibrew zxorisx mełu.
      And the children of Israel called the name of it Man; and it was as white coriander seed, and the taste of it as a wafer with honey.
    • 5th century, Bible, Jeremiah 48.11:
      Հանգուցեալ էր ի մանկութենէ իւրմէ Մովաբ, եւ յուսացեալ էր ի փառս իւր, եւ չէր թափեալ աման յամանոյ, եւ ոչ երթեալ ի գերութիւն․ վասն այնորիկ կայր համ նորա ի նմին, եւ հոտ նորա ոչ պակասեաց։
      Hangucʻeal ēr i mankutʻenē iwrmē Movab, ew yusacʻeal ēr i pʻaṙs iwr, ew čʻēr tʻapʻeal aman yamanoy, ew očʻ ertʻeal i gerutʻiwn; vasn aynorik kayr ham nora i nmin, ew hot nora očʻ pakaseacʻ.
      Moab hath been at ease from his youth, and he hath settled on his lees, and hath not been emptied from vessel to vessel, neither hath he gone into captivity: therefore his taste remained in him, and his scent is not changed․
  2. (figuratively) deliciousness; pleasantness
  3. (figuratively) good taste, good order, moderation, balance
    համ դնելham dnelto moderate, to check

Usage notes

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  • The word did not mean "sap, juice" despite being so glossed in some foreign etymological references.
  • The sense "bridle" given in some dictionaries is a misunderstanding of the figurative sense "good taste, good order, moderation".

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Zeytʻunyan A. S., editor (1992), Girkʻ elicʻ [Book of Exodus]‎[1], Yerevan: Academy Press, critical text, page 111

Further reading

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  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “համ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 16–17
  • Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “համ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 538
  • J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “համ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 440b
  • Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 420
  • Lidén, Evald (1906) Armenische Studien (in German), Göteborg: Wald. Zachrissons, page 67
  • Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 258
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 880
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 27
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (2011) “Review of Martirosyan 2010”, in Kratylos, volume 56, →DOI, page 17 of 14–30
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “համ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate[3], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, page 81