明るい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
あか
Grade: 2
Alternative spelling
明い

Etymology

Appears to be a compound of Classical Japanese 明る (akaru, to brighten) +‎ (shi, adjectival suffix). This adjectival suffix forms a classical ク活用 (ku-katsuyō, ku-adjective).

First attested in 1689.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「明るい
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 明るく かるく [àkárúkú]
Terminal (終止形) 明るい かるい
かる
[àkárúí]
[àkárúꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 明るい かるい [àkárúí]
Key constructions
Informal negative 明るくない かるくな [àkárúkúnáꜜì]
Informal past 明るかった かるかった [àkárúꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 明るくなかった かるくなかった [àkárúkúnáꜜkàttà]
Formal 明るいです かるいです [àkárúꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 明るくて かるくて [àkárúꜜkùtè]
Conditional 明るければ かるければ [àkárúꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

(あか)るい (akarui-i (adverbial (あか)るく (akaruku))

  1. bright, light, luminous
    Antonym: くらい (kurai)
    (あか)るい()()しがあたりを()らしていた。
    Akarui hizashi ga atari o terashite ita.
    The bright sunshine illuminated the area.
  2. merry, cheerful
    (でん)()()こうから(あか)るい(こえ)(かえ)ってきた。
    Denwa no mukō kara akarui koe ga kaette kita.
    A cheerful voice answered the phone.

Inflection

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN