特

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特 U+7279, 特
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7279
← 牸
[U+7278] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牺 →
[U+727A]
㊕ U+3295, ㊕
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SPECIAL
← ㊔
[U+3294] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊖ →
[U+3296]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

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特 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土木戈 (HQGDI), four-corner 24541, composition ⿰牛寺)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 700, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1113, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1808, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7279

Chinese

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trad. 特
simp. # 特
alternative forms 犆

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
等 *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ
待 *dɯːʔ
寺 *ljɯs
持 *l'ɯ
峙 *dɯʔ
痔 *dɯʔ
跱 *dɯʔ
歭 *dɯʔ
洔 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ
畤 *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ
秲 *dɯʔ, *djɯs
庤 *dɯʔ
時 *djɯ
鰣 *djɯ
塒 *djɯ
蒔 *djɯ, *djɯs
榯 *djɯ
恃 *djɯʔ
侍 *djɯs
詩 *hljɯ
邿 *hljɯ
特 *dɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs) – large bull.

Etymology

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There seem to be two main semantic fields: "bull" and "single; unique". It is unclear whether these two fields are related. Schuessler (2007) suggests a possible derivation of "bull" from "match", but "bull" seems to be the earlier sense. The "single; unique" sense could be an extension of "bull" due to its largeness (Li Xueqin, 2012).

In the "bull" sense, it is related to 犆 (OC *dɯɡ, “ox”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Wang (1982) relates the "three-year-animal" sense to 犢 (OC *l'oːɡ, “calf”); see there for more.

In the "single" sense, it is related to 直 (OC *dɯɡ, “simply; only”), 職 (OC *tjɯɡ, “simply; only”) (Schuessler, 2007). Wang (1982) relates it to 徒 (OC *l'aː) and 但 (OC *daːnʔ) in the "only" sense, as well as 獨 (OC *doːɡ, “single”) in the "single" sense, but see these entries for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tah5 - vernacular;
  • teh5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 特
Mandarin Beijing /tʰɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /tʰɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /tʰɤ⁵³/
Jinan /tʰə⁴²/ ～別
/tei⁴²/ ～為
Qingdao /tʰə⁵⁵/ ～務
/te⁵⁵/ ～為
Zhengzhou /tʰɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /tʰei²⁴/
Xining /tʰɨ²⁴/
Yinchuan /tʰa¹³/
/tʰia¹³/
/tʰə¹³/
Lanzhou /tʰə¹³/
Ürümqi /tʰɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /tʰɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /tʰe³¹/
/tʰie³¹/
Guiyang /tʰɛ²¹/
Kunming /tʰə³¹/
Nanjing /tʰəʔ⁵/
Hefei /tʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /tʰaʔ²/
Pingyao /tʰʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /tʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /dəʔ¹/
Suzhou /dəʔ³/
Hangzhou /dəʔ²/
Wenzhou /de²¹³/
Hui Shexian /tʰe²²/
/tʰi²²/
Tunxi /tʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tʰə²⁴/
Xiangtan /tʰæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /tʰɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /tʰit̚⁵/
Taoyuan /tʰit̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐk̚²/
Nanning /tɐk̚²²/
Hong Kong /tɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdek̚³/
Rime
Character 特
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒得切
Baxter dok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dək̚/
Li
Rong 		/dək̚/
Wang
Li 		/dək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dé
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 特
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ˁək/
English bull

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 特
Reading # 1/1
No. 12055
Phonetic
component 		寺
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		特
Old
Chinese 		/*dɯːɡ/

Definitions

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特

  1. † bull; ox
  2. † cattle
  3. † (of animals, especially bull) male
  4. † one domestic animal
  5. † three-year-old animal
  6. (literary) single; alone; by oneself
  7. † match; mate; spouse
  8. † to stand tall
  9. special; unique; distinguished
  10. (literary) only; just
  11. specially; intentionally
  12. (colloquial) especially; outstandingly
    今天天氣特熱。／今天天气特热。  ―  Jīntiān tiānqì tè rè.  ―  It's especially hot today.
  13. † in vain
  14. † unexpectedly; yet
  15. Short for 特務／特务 (tèwù, “special agent; spy”).
  16. (Mainland China) Short for 特克斯 (tèkèsī, “tex”).
  17. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 公牛 (“bull; ox”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犅, 特, 犆 †, 牯 †, 犍 †, 犗 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 犍牛 †, 閹牛 †, 種牛 ‡
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 公牛
Taiwan 公牛
Langfang 牤牛
Ulanhot 牤牛, 牤子
Tongliao 牤牛, 牤子
Chifeng 牤牛
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 牤牛, 牤子
Harbin 牤子, 牤牛, 犍牛 †
Shenyang 牤子
Jilu Mandarin Tangshan 牤牛
Cangzhou 公牛
Baoding 牤子
Shijiazhuang 牤牛
Jinan 牤牛, 公牛, 犍子 †
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 犍子, 蛋犍子
Qingdao 公牛
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 公牛
Daming 毛牛
Wanrong 𤙎牛, 犍牛 †
Zhengzhou 牤牛, 老犍 †
Xi'an 公牛, 犍牛 †
Xining 公牛, 犍牛 †
Xuzhou 牤牛, 牤犍 †, 犍子 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 脬牛, 犍牛 †
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 脬牛, 犍牛 †
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 騷牛, 犍牛 †
Bayanhot 公牛, 犍牛
Lanzhou 騷牛, 脬牛, 犍牛 †
Ürümqi 脬牛, 犍牛 †
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 公牛, 牯牛
Wuhan 公牛, 牯牛
Guiyang 牯牛, 騷牯
Kunming 公牛
Guilin 公牛
Liuzhou 公牛, 牛牯, 閹牯 †
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 牯子, 騷牯子, 公牛 †
Yangzhou 公牛, 牯牛
Nantong 公牛, 驐牛 †
Hefei 犍牛, 牯牛
Huanggang 牯牛
Cantonese Guangzhou 牛公, 牛牯
Hong Kong 牛公, 公牛
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 牛公
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 牛公
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 牛牯
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 牛牯
Macau 牛公
Guangzhou (Panyu) 牛公
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 牛公
Guangzhou (Conghua) 牛公
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 生牯, 牛牯 †
Foshan 牛公
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 牛公
Foshan (Shunde) 牛公
Foshan (Sanshui) 牛牯
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牛牯
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牛公
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 牛公
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 牛牯
Zhuhai (Doumen) 牛公
Jiangmen (Baisha) 牛牯
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牛牯
Taishan 牛牯, 牛公
Kaiping (Chikan) 牛牯
Enping (Niujiang) 牛牯
Heshan (Yayao) 牛公
Dongguan 牛公
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牛公
Qingyuan 牛牯
Fogang 牛牯
Yingde (Hanguang) 牛公
Yangshan 牛牯
Lianshan (Butian) 牛牯
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 牛牯
Shaoguan 牛公, 牛牯
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牛牯
Renhua 牛牯
Lechang 牛牯
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 牛牯
Sihui 牛牯
Guangning 牛牯
Deqing 牛公
Huaiji 牛公
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 牛牯
Yunfu 牛牯
Xinxing 牛牯
Luoding 牛牯
Yunan (Pingtai) 牛牯
Yangjiang 牛公, 牛牯
Xinyi 牛牯
Lianjiang 牛公
Nanning 牛公
Wuzhou 牛牯
Yulin 牛公, 牛牯
Danzhou 公牛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牛公
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 牛公
Gan Nanchang 牛牯, 樣牯子, 驐牯子 †
Lichuan 牛牯, 結牛 †
Pingxiang 牛牯, 牯牛, 閹牛牯 †
Guixi 閹牯 †
Hakka Meixian 牛牯, 牛牯仔
Xingning 牛牯
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 牛牯, 牛公
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 牛牯
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 牛牯
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 牛牯
Dongguan (Qingxi) 牛公, 牛牯仔
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 牛公, 牛牯
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 牛公, 牛牯
Boluo (Bendihua) 牛牯
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 牛牯
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 牛牯
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 牛牯
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 牛牯
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 牛牯
Wuhua (Huacheng) 牛牯
Wuhua (Changbu) 牛牯
Wuhua (Mianyang) 牛牯
Heyuan (Bendihua) 牛牯
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 牛牯
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 牛牯
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 牛牯
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 牛牯
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 牛牯
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 牛牯
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 牛牯
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 牛牯
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 牛牯
Liannan 牛牯
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 牛牯
Jiexi 牛牯
Changting 牛牯
Wuping 牛牯
Ninghua 牛牯
Yudu 牛牯
Ruijin 牛牯 †
Shicheng 牛牯
Shangyou (Shexi) 牛牯
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛牯
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 牛牯
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 牛牯
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 牛牯
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 牛牯
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 牛牯
Hong Kong 牛牯
Luchuan 牛牯
Luchuan (Daqiao) 牛牯頭
Sabah (Longchuan) 牛牯
Senai (Huiyang) 牛牯
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 牛牯
Singkawang 牛牯
Huizhou Jixi 牯牛, 驐牛 †
Huangshan (Tunxi) 公牛
Yixian 牯牛, 犍牯
Qimen 牯牛, 騷牯, 犍牯 †
Wuyuan 牛牯仂
Fuliang 牯牛 †
Dexing 牛牯, 肉牛 †
Jin Taiyuan 公牛
Pingyao 牙牛
Xinzhou 公牛, 犍牛
Taibus (Baochang) 牤牛
Linhe 騷牛
Jining 犍牛
Hohhot 牤牛
Baotou 犍牛
Dongsheng 公牛
Zhangjiakou 犍牛
Handan 犍牛
Northern Min Jian'ou 牛牯
Jian'ou (Dikou) 牛牯
Songxi 牛牯
Zhenghe 牛牯
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 牛牯, 羯牯 †
Jianyang 牛牯
Wuyishan 牛牯
Pucheng (Shibei) 牛牯
Eastern Min Fuzhou 牛犅
Fuzhou (Changle) 牛犅
Fuqing 牛犅
Yongtai 牛犅
Gutian 牛角
Fu'an 牛牯
Ningde 牛犅
Shouning 牛牯
Zhouning 牛牯
Fuding 牛牯
Matsu 牛犅
Southern Min Xiamen 牛犅
Xiamen (Tong'an) 牛犅
Quanzhou 牛犅
Jinjiang 牛犅
Yongchun 牛犅, 牛牯 ‡
Zhangzhou 牛犅 †
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 牛犅
Dongshan 牛公
Taipei 牛犅
New Taipei (Sanxia) 牛犅
Kaohsiung 牛犅
Yilan 牛犅
Changhua (Lukang) 牛公, 牛犅仔
Taichung 牛公
Tainan 牛犅
Hsinchu 牛犅
Kinmen 牛犅
Penghu (Magong) 牛犅
Singapore (Hokkien) 牛公, 牛犅
Zhangping 牛犅
Zhangping (Yongfu) 牛牯, 牛犅
Datian 牛犅
Pingnan (Shangdu) 公牛
Chaozhou 牛牯
Shantou 牛牯
Shantou (Chenghai) 牛牯
Shantou (Chaoyang) 公牛
Jieyang 牛牯
Haifeng 牛牯
Bangkok (Teochew) 牛公
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 牛牯
Leizhou 牛牯, 牛閹 †
Wenchang 牛牯
Haikou 牛公, 牛牯
Puxian Min Putian 牛犅, 牛哥, 公牛
Xianyou 牛哥
Fuding (Aoyao) 牛牯
Central Min Yong'an 牛牯
Sanming (Sanyuan) 牛牯
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 牛翁
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 牛牯
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 公牛, 牯牛
Wu Shanghai 雄牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
Shanghai (Songjiang) 雄牛
Shanghai (Jiading) 牯牛, 公牛, 驐牛 †
Shanghai (Chongming) 牯牛
Suzhou 雄牛, 牯牛
Wuxi 雄牛
Danyang 公牛
Hangzhou 公牛
Ningbo 雄牛, 羯牛 †
Wenzhou 牛牯
Jinhua 雄牛, 牛牯, 羯牛 †
Jinhua (Tangxi) 羯牯
Xiang Changsha 牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子
Xiangtan 牯牛
Shuangfeng 牛牯
Quanzhou 牯牛, 閹牛 †
Note † - bullock; ‡ - stud

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Bouyei: dag (“male (of animals); classifier for male animals”)
  • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *tʰɤkᴰ (“young male animal”)
    • Thai: ถึก (tʉ̀k, “young ox; male water buffalo”)
    • Lao: ເຖິກ (thœk, “male (of animals)”)
  • → Proto-Vietic: *dək (“male”)
    • Vietnamese: đực (“male (of animal); bull”)
  • → Zhuang: daeg (“male (of animals); classifier for young males”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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特

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. ox, bull
  2. special, exceptional, extraordinary
  3. especially

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 特 (MC dok, “special; male livestock”).

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

特 (eumhun 특별할 특 (teukbyeolhal teuk))
特 (eumhun 수컷 특 (sukeot teuk))

  1. (used in compounds) hanja form? of 특 (“special; exceptional”)
  2. (literary) hanja form? of 특 (“male animal”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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特: Hán Nôm readings: đặc, đực, đước, được, sệt

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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