Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwaHdaHpatiš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *cwáHdaH (“army”) +‎ *pati- (“lord”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pótis (“master”)).

Noun

*cwaHdaHpatiš

1. general, commander

Descendants

• Middle Median: *aspāδapat, *aspāδapati (early form), *aspāhapet (late form)
  • → Old Armenian: ասպարապետ (asparapet), ասպահապետ (aspahapet)
• Middle Persian: 𐭮𐭯𐭠𐭧𐭯𐭲𐭩 (spāhbed), [script needed] (spāhbedān spāhbed), [script needed] (Ērān-spāhbed, “generalissimo; commander in chief”)
  • Persian: سپهبد (sepahbod), اسپهبد (espahbod), سپاهبد (sepâhbad), سپاهبذ (sepâhbaz), اسپاهبذ (espâhboz), اسپهبذ (espahboz), اسبهبد (esbahbad), اسبهبد (esbahbaz), اسفهبد (esfahbad, esfahbod), اسفهبذ (esfahbaz)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: سپهبد (sipehbüd), اسپهبد (ispehbed), اسفهبد (isfehbed)
  • → Ancient Greek: ἀσπαβέδης (aspabédēs), Ασπετιος (Aspetios), Ασπεϝεδες (Aspewedes), Ασπεβεδες (Aspebedes) (or all from [Term?] (/⁠Aspbed⁠/) or its cognates)
  • → Arabic: إِصْبَهْبَذ (ʔiṣbahbaḏ), أَصْبَهْبَذ (ʔaṣbahbaḏ), صِبَهْبَذ (ṣibahbaḏ)
    • → Persian: اصفهبد (esfahbad)
  • → Old Armenian: սպայապետ (spayapet) (possibly)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܗܒܝܕ (sphbyd), [script needed] (aspabid), [script needed] (astabid)
• Parthian: 𐭎𐭐𐭀𐭃𐭐𐭕𐭉 (spʾdpty)
  • → Old Armenian: սպարապետ (sparapet)
    • Armenian: սպարապետ (sparapet)
      • → English: sparapet
• Sogdian:
• → Georgian: სპასპეტი (sṗasṗeṭi)
  • → English: spaspet

References

• http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/astabed
• http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/spahbed