Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьkra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian ìkras.

Noun

*jьkrà f

1. roe, spawn, caviar
2. calf (back of the leg)

Alternative forms

• *jьkro

Declension

Declension of *jьkrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jьkrà	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry
genitive	*jьkrý	*jьkrù	*jь̀krъ
dative	*jьkrě̀	*jьkràma	*jьkràmъ
accusative	*jь̏krǫ	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry
instrumental	*jьkrojǫ́	*jьkràma	*jьkràmi
locative	*jь̏krě	*jьkrù	*jьkràsъ, *jьkràxъ*
vocative	*jьkro	*jь̏krě	*jь̏kry

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

• *jьkriti (“spawn”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)
    • Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
      • Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
      • Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)
    • Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
  • ⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)
    • ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
      • Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
        • → Polish: kryha
      • Carpathian Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
      • Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
        • → Slovak: kryha
      • → Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)
    • Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)
  • Old Novgorodian: ікра (ikra)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: икра (ikra)

    Glagolitic script: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)

    • Bulgarian: и́кра (íkra); и́кро n (íkro) (dialectal)
    • Church Slavonic: икра (ikra) (Russian)
  • Macedonian: икра (ikra)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: и̏кра

    Latin script: ȉkra

    ⇒ Cyrillic script: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

    ⇒ Latin script: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)

  • Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)
    • ⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)
    • Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)
  • Kashubian: jikro; kro
  • Polabian: jåkră
  • Old Polish: ikro n
    • Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)
  • Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: jark m
    • Upper Sorbian: jikra f, jerk m

• → Hungarian: ikra
• → Romanian: icre
• → Japanese: イクラ

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьkra / *jьkro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 217
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “икра́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress