Romania

See also: romania, Románia, România, Romãnia, Romānia, and Romanía

English

Romania (in dark green) within Europe.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/
• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ɹʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/, /ɹuˈmeɪ.ni.ə/(alternative pronunciation derived from the old spelling Rumania)

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪniə

Etymology 1

From Romanian român (“Romanian”) (in turn from Latin romanus (“Roman”)) + -ia. Doublet of Romagna.

Alternative forms

• România (rare)
• Rumania, Roumania (archaic)

Proper noun

Romania

2. A country in Southeast Europe. Capital and largest city: Bucharest.

Derived terms

• Kingdom of Romania
• Romanian

Translations

South-Eastern European country

• Abkhaz: Румыниа (Rumənja)
• Afrikaans: Roemenië
• Akan: Romania
• Albanian: Rumani f (indefinite), Rumania (sq) f (definite)

  Old Albanian: Gogëni f (Gheg), Gogëri f (Tosk)

• Amharic: ሮማንያ (romanya)
• Arabic: رُومَانِيَا f (rūmāniyā)
• Aragonese: Rumanía f
• Armenian: Ռումինիա (hy) (Ṙuminia)
• Aromanian: Armãnii f (indefinite), Armãnia f (definite), Rãmãnii f (indefinite), Rãmãnia f (definite), Rumãnii f (indefinite), Rumãnia f (definite), Romãnii f (indefinite), Romãnia f (definite)
• Assamese: ৰোমানিয়া (rümania)
• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܪܗ݇ܘܿܡܵܢܝܼܵܐ f (Romaniya)
• Asturian: Rumanía (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: Rumıniya (az)
• Bashkir: Румыния (Rumıniya)
• Basque: Errumania (eu)
• Belarusian: Румы́нія f (Rumýnija)
• Bengali: রোমানিয়া (bn) (rōmaniẏa)
• Breton: Roumania
• Bulgarian: Румъ́ния f (Rumǎ́nija)
• Burmese: ရူမေးနီးယား (rume:ni:ya:)
• Buryat: Румыни (Rumyni)
• Carpathian Rusyn: Руму́ньско n (Rumúnʹsko)
• Catalan: Romania (ca) f
• Chechen: Румыни (Rumyni)
• Cherokee: ᎶᎹᏂᏯ (lomaniya)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 羅馬尼亞／罗马尼亚 (lo⁴ maa⁵ nei⁴ aa³)

  Hokkien: 羅馬尼亞／罗马尼亚 (Lô-má-nî-a)

  Mandarin: 羅馬尼亞／罗马尼亚 (zh) (Luómǎníyà)

• Chuvash: Румыни (Rumyni)
• Corsican: Rumenia
• Crimean Tatar: Romaniya
• Czech: Rumunsko (cs) n
• Danish: Rumænien (da)
• Dhivehi: ރުމޭނިއާ (dv) (rumēniā)
• Dutch: Roemenië (nl) n
• Esperanto: Rumanio, Rumanujo
• Estonian: Rumeenia (et)
• Farefare: Domaŋo
• Faroese: Rumenia n
• Finnish: Romania (fi)
• French: Roumanie (fr) f
• Friulian: Romanie f
• Galician: Romanía (gl) f
• Georgian: რუმინეთი (ka) (rumineti)
• German: Rumänien (de) n
• Greek: Ρουμανία (el) f (Roumanía)
• Gujarati: રોમાનિયા (romāniyā)
• Hausa: Romaniya
• Hawaiian: Romānia
• Hebrew: רוֹמַנְיָה (he) f (románya)
• Hindi: रोमानिया (hi) m (romāniyā)
• Hungarian: Románia (hu)
• Icelandic: Rúmenía (is) f
• Ido: Rumania (io)
• Indonesian: Rumania (id)
• Interlingua: Romania
• Irish: An Rómáin f
• Italian: Romania (it) f
• Japanese: ルーマニア (ja) (Rūmania)
• Kannada: ರೊಮಾನಿಯ (romāniya)
• Kashubian: Rumùńskô f
• Kazakh: Румыния (kk) (Rumyniä)
• Khmer: រូម៉ានី (ruumaanii)
• Korean: 루마니아 (ko) (Rumania), (North Korea) 로므니아 (ko) (Romeunia)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Romanya (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Румыния (Rumıniya)
• Ladino: Rumania
• Lao: ລູມານີ (lo) (lū mā nī), ຣູມານີ (rū mā nī)
• Latin: Rōmānia (la) f (New Latin)
• Latvian: Rumānija (lv) f
• Lithuanian: Rumunija (lt) f
• Livonian: Rumāņmō
• Macedonian: Романија (mk) f (Romanija)
• Malay: Romania (ms)
• Malayalam: റൊമാനിയ (ṟomāniya)
• Maltese: ir-Rumanija f
• Marathi: रोमेनिया (romeniyā)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Румын (mn) (Rumyn)

  Mongolian: ᠷᠦᠮᠢᠨ (rümin), ᠷᠣᠮᠠᠨᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ (romaniy-a) (China)

• Nahuatl: Rumantlān
• Navajo: Wooméiniya
• Nepali: रोमानिया (romāniyā)
• Norman: Roumanie f, ^{(please verify)} Roumanîn f
• Northern Sami: Románia
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Romania (no) n

  Nynorsk: Romania (nn) n

• Occitan: Romania (oc) f, Roumagnu m
• Odia: ରୋମାନିଆ (romāniā)
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: Роумꙑнїꙗ f (Rumynija) (modern)

• Pashto: رومانیا (rōmāniyā)
• Persian:

  Dari: رومَانِیَا (rōmāniyā)

  Iranian Persian: رومانی (fa) (rumâni)

• Polish: Rumunia (pl) f
• Portuguese:

  Brazilian: Romênia (pt) f

  European: Roménia (pt) f

• Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi: ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆ m (romānīā)

• Romani: i Rumùnia f
• Romanian: România (ro) f

  Cyrillic: Ромыния f (Romînia)

• Romansch: Rumenia
• Russian: Румы́ния (ru) f (Rumýnija)
• Scots: Romanie, Roumainie
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Ру̀мӯнија f (Bosnia, Serbia), Ру̀мӯњска̄ f (usually Croatia)

  Roman: Rùmūnija f (Bosnia, Serbia), Rùmūnjskā (sh) f (usually Croatia)

• Sicilian: Rumanìa f
• Silesian: Růmůńijo f
• Sinhalese: රුමේනියාව (si) (rumēniyāwa)
• Slovak: Rumunsko (sk) n
• Slovene: Romúnija (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: Rumuńska f

  Upper Sorbian: Rumunska f

• Spanish: Rumania (es) f, Rumanía (es) f
• Swahili: Romania (sw)
• Swedish: Rumänien (sv) n
• Tagalog: Rumanya (tl)
• Tajik: Руминия (tg) (Ruminiya)
• Tamil: உருமேனியா (urumēṉiyā)
• Tatar: Румыния (Rumıniyä)
• Telugu: రొమేనియా (te) (romēniyā)
• Thai: โรมาเนีย (th) (roo-maa-niia)
• Tibetan: རོ་མ་ནི་ཡ (ro ma ni ya)
• Tigrinya: ሮሜኒያ (romeniya)
• Turkish: Romanya (tr)
• Turkmen: Rumyniýa
• Ukrainian: Руму́нія (uk) f (Rumúnija)
• Urdu: رومانِیَہ m (romāniya)
• Uyghur: رۇمىنىيە (ruminiye)
• Uzbek: Ruminiya (uz)
• Vietnamese: Ru-ma-ni, Lỗ Má Ni
• Võro: Romaania
• Welsh: Rwmania (cy) f
• West Frisian: Roemeenje
• Yakut: Румыния (Rumıniya)
• Yiddish: רומעניע f (rumenye)
• Yoruba: Ròmáníà
• Zhuang: Lozmajnizya

See also

• (countries of Europe) countries of Europe; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, Vatican City
• Appendix:Countries of the world

Etymology 2

From Latin Rōmānia, from Byzantine Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía), itself from Latin rōmānus.

Alternative forms

• Rhomania

Proper noun

Romania

1. (academic, historical, linguistics) The Latin or Romance-speaking areas of Europe, collectively.
2. (historical) Synonym of Byzantine Empire, also used for its former territories.
   • 1973, Arnold Joseph Toynbee, Constantine Porphyrogenitus and his world, page 682:

     There is a significant coincidence of dates between several events: the splitting of the Paulician community in Rhomania in consequence of Séryios’s innovations; the breach between Séryios’s partisans and the East Roman Imperial Government, […]

   • 1988, Donald M. Nicol, Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations, page 208:

     The Doge of Venice was honored with his full title of dominator of one-quarter and one-eighth of the whole Empire of Romania; and he was promised repossession of all the rights and properties that his people had held in Constantinople in the years of the Latin occupation.

   • 1989, Ferenc Makk, The Árpáds and the Comneni: political relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th century, page 110:

     In this letter the basileus informed the Pope that Béla III had attacked Serbia, since he was not content with his own country, “which he acquired with difficulties and with the help of the armies and the money of Rhomania [i.e. Byzantium]”.

   • 1989, David Jacoby, “From Byzantium to Latin Romania: Continuity and Change”, in Latins and Greeks in the Eastern Mediterranean After 1204, page 1:

     The Fourth Crusade ended in 1204 with the Western or Latin conquest of Constantinople and signalled the beginning of a new era in the history of the Byzantine lands or Romania.

   • 1999, Rustam Shukurov, “Turkoman and Byzantine Self-Identity: Some reflections on the Logic of the Title-Making in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Anatolia”, in Eastern Approaches to Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-Third Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies:

     If the Constantinopolitan Byzantines regarded the Anatolian Turkic territories as lands temporarily lost from their indivisible universal Rhomania, the Turkoman rulers of the twelfth century considered Rhomania as being factually divided between several rulers.

   • 2001, David Jacoby, “Changing Economic Patterns in Latin Romania: The Impact of the West”, in The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World, page 197:

     The dramatic fall of Constantinople in 1204 and the Latin conquest of the Empire’s provinces in the following decade resulted in the dismemberment of Romania.

   • 2013, Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), trans. Robert Brown, Europe (c.1400-1458), page 69:

     Next to them, the maritime region extending south to the Hellespont is Romania—a Greek nation, though it was once barbarian, and it is returning to barbarism in our own time, now that the empire of the Greeks has been destroyed and the Turks hold sway. The capital city of this country [Thrace] is Byzantium, formerly called Agios.

Etymology 3

Proper noun

Romania

1. Obsolete form of Romagna.
   • 1629 [1619], Paolo Sarpi, translated by Nathaniel Brent, The Historie of the Councel of Trent […]‎^[1], London: Bonham Norton and John Bill, →OCLC, book 1, paragraph 97, page 43:

     In the end of Ianuarie, Borbon passed the Po with all his troupes, and directed his iourney towards Romania: […]

Anagrams

• Maorian, Mo i Rana, Omarian, amanori

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ru.məˈni.ə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ro.məˈni.ə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ro.maˈni.a]

• Audio (Valencia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ia

Proper noun

Romania f

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Derived terms

• romanès

Finnish

Etymology

From Romanian România.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈromɑniɑ/, [ˈro̞mɑ̝ˌniɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -iɑ
• Syllabification^(key): Ro‧ma‧ni‧a

Proper noun

Romania

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Declension

Inflection of Romania (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
nominative		Romania	—
genitive		Romanian	—
partitive		Romaniaa	—
illative		Romaniaan	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Romania	—
accusative	nom.	Romania	—
	gen.	Romanian
genitive		Romanian	—
partitive		Romaniaa	—
inessive		Romaniassa	—
elative		Romaniasta	—
illative		Romaniaan	—
adessive		Romanialla	—
ablative		Romanialta	—
allative		Romanialle	—
essive		Romaniana	—
translative		Romaniaksi	—
abessive		Romaniatta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Romania (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Romaniani — accusative nom. Romaniani — gen. Romaniani genitive Romaniani — partitive Romaniaani — inessive Romaniassani — elative Romaniastani — illative Romaniaani — adessive Romaniallani — ablative Romanialtani — allative Romanialleni — essive Romanianani — translative Romaniakseni — abessive Romaniattani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Romaniasi — accusative nom. Romaniasi — gen. Romaniasi genitive Romaniasi — partitive Romaniaasi — inessive Romaniassasi — elative Romaniastasi — illative Romaniaasi — adessive Romaniallasi — ablative Romanialtasi — allative Romaniallesi — essive Romanianasi — translative Romaniaksesi — abessive Romaniattasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Romaniamme — accusative nom. Romaniamme — gen. Romaniamme genitive Romaniamme — partitive Romaniaamme — inessive Romaniassamme — elative Romaniastamme — illative Romaniaamme — adessive Romaniallamme — ablative Romanialtamme — allative Romaniallemme — essive Romanianamme — translative Romaniaksemme — abessive Romaniattamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Romanianne — accusative nom. Romanianne — gen. Romanianne genitive Romanianne — partitive Romaniaanne — inessive Romaniassanne — elative Romaniastanne — illative Romaniaanne — adessive Romaniallanne — ablative Romanialtanne — allative Romaniallenne — essive Romaniananne — translative Romaniaksenne — abessive Romaniattanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Romaniansa — accusative nom. Romaniansa — gen. Romaniansa genitive Romaniansa — partitive Romaniaansa — inessive Romaniassaan Romaniassansa — elative Romaniastaan Romaniastansa — illative Romaniaansa — adessive Romaniallaan Romaniallansa — ablative Romanialtaan Romanialtansa — allative Romanialleen Romaniallensa — essive Romanianaan Romanianansa — translative Romaniakseen Romaniaksensa — abessive Romaniattaan Romaniattansa — instructive — — comitative — —

Derived terms

• romania
• romanialainen

 

See also

• (countries of Europe) Euroopan maat; Alankomaat, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaidžan, Belgia, Bosnia ja Hertsegovina, Bulgaria, Espanja, Georgia, Irlanti, Islanti, Iso-Britannia, Italia, Itävalta, Kazakstan, Kreikka, Kroatia, Kypros, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Liettua, Luxemburg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norja, Pohjois-Makedonia, Portugali, Puola, Ranska, Romania, Ruotsi, Saksa, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Suomi, Sveitsi, Tanska, Tšekki, Turkki, Ukraina, Unkari, Valko-Venäjä, Vatikaani, Venäjä, Viro ^{(Category: fi:Countries in Europe)}

Anagrams

• romaani

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɔ.ma.nja/

Proper noun

Romania f

1. (academic, historical, linguistics) the Romance speaking areas of Europe

See also

• Roumanie (nation)

Italian

Etymology 1

Internationalism.

Alternative forms

• Rumania

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ro.maˈni.a/
• Rhymes: -ia
• Hyphenation: Ro‧ma‧nì‧a

Proper noun

Romania f

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Derived terms

• rumeno／romeno

 

See also

• (countries of Europe) paesi d'Europa; Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaigian, Belgio, Bielorussia, Bosnia-Erzegovina, Bulgaria, Cechia, Cipro, Città del Vaticano, Croazia, Danimarca, Estonia, Finlandia, Francia, Georgia, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Islanda, Italia, Kazakistan, Lettonia, Liechtenstein, Lituania, Lussemburgo, Macedonia del Nord, Malta, Moldavia, Monaco, Montenegro, Norvegia, Paesi Bassi, Polonia, Portogallo, Romania, Regno Unito, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovacchia, Slovenia, Spagna, Svezia, Svizzera, Turchia, Ucraina, Ungheria ^{(Category: it:Countries in Europe)}

Further reading

• Romania on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^it

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Latin Rōmānia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /roˈma.nja/
• Rhymes: -anja
• Hyphenation: Ro‧mà‧nia

Proper noun

Romania f

1. (historical or linguistics) Romania (Latin or Romance-speaking of Europe)

Further reading

• Europa latina on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^it

Anagrams

• Armonia, Mariano, armonia, mariano, riamano

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ῥωμᾱνῐ́ᾱ (Rhōmāníā).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /roːˈmaː.ni.a/, [roːˈmäːniä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /roˈma.ni.a/, [roˈmäːniä]

Proper noun

Rōmānia f sg (genitive Rōmāniae); first declension

1. (New Latin) Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)
2. (historical, Late Latin) Roman Empire
   • lived ca. 385 CE - ca. 420 CE, Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos 7.43.5:

     Nam ego quoque ipse virum quemdam Narbonensem ... audivi, se familiarissimum Ataulpho apud Narbonam fuisse: ac de eo ... didicisse, quod ... referre solitus esset, se in primis ardenter inhiasse: ut, obliterato Romano nomine, Romanum omne sŏlum, Gothorum imperium et faceret et vocaret: essetque, ut vulgariter loquar, Gothia, quod Romania fuisset; fieretque nunc Ataulphus quod quondam Caesar Augustus.

     I, too, once heard a man from Narbonne who claimed to be very familiar with Athaulf and who had learned that Athaulf would often say that, more than anything else, he desired this: after eliminating the name of Rome, he would make the entire Roman land subject to Gothic power and call it so, calling (if I may speak vulgarly) what was previously Romania as "Gothia". And so Athaulfus would become what Caesar Augustus once was [i.e. the first emperor of a new empire].

3. (historical, Medieval Latin) Byzantine Empire

Declension

First-declension noun, singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	Rōmānia
Genitive	Rōmāniae
Dative	Rōmāniae
Accusative	Rōmāniam
Ablative	Rōmāniā
Vocative	Rōmānia

Descendants

• Proto-Brythonic: *rrʉβ̃ėn (from a Vulgar Latin variant Rōmănia with a short a in the second syllable)
  • Middle Welsh: Ruuein
    • Welsh: Rhufain

Norwegian Bokmål

Proper noun

Romania

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Related terms

• rumener
• rumensk

 

Norwegian Nynorsk

Proper noun

Romania

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Related terms

• rumen
• rumenar
• rumensk

 

Sardinian

Proper noun

Romania ?

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Swahili

Proper noun

Romania

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)

Yoruba

Etymology

Ròmáníà

Borrowed from English Romania.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾò.má.ní.à/

Proper noun

Ròmáníà

1. Romania (a country in Southeast Europe)