boleh
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Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Malay boleh, which is derived from an earlier form bulih, from Proto-Malayic *mArulih. The change in the sound of this word can be reconstructed as follows: *mArulih > *mərulih > *bər-ulih > *brulih > bulih > boleh, from which the verb was derived. Doublet of beroleh and peroleh.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]bolèh (auxiliary verb)
- may (to have permission to, be allowed. used in granting permission and in a question to make a polite request)
- Kamu boleh memakan ikan ini.
- You may eat this fish.
- Bolehkah aku memakai pensilmu?
- May I use your pencil?
- can
Usage notes
[edit]- All the uncommon senses in this word are actually common in Sumatra, especially in Riau and several other areas.
Derived terms
[edit]Affixed terms
Compound terms
Proverbs with the word boleh
- ada hujan ada panas, ada hari boleh balas
- alah menang tak tahu, bersorak boleh
- asal ada sama di hati, gajah terantai boleh dilepaskan
- bertali boleh dieret, bertampuk boleh dijinjing
- bertali boleh dieret, bertampuk boleh dijinjing
- bintang di langit boleh dibilang, tetapi arang di muka tak sadar
- bulat boleh digulingkan, pipih boleh dilayangkan
- dalam laut boleh diajuk, dalam hati siapa tahu
- hilang bini boleh dicari, hilang budi badan celaka
- hitam mata itu mana boleh bercerai dengan putihnya
- jerih menentang boleh, rugi menentang laba
- jika tidak pecah ruyung, di mana boleh mendapat sagu
- malang tak boleh ditolak, mujur tak boleh diraih
- mujur tidak boleh diraih, malang tidak boleh ditolak
- mulut bajan boleh ditutup, mulut manusia tidak
- pecak boleh dilayangkan, bulat boleh digulingkan, batu segiling pecak setepik
- rugi menentang laba, jerih menentang boleh
- rupa boleh diubah, tabiat dibawa mati
- suku tak boleh dianjak, malu tak boleh diagih
- tak boleh bertemu roma
- terlongsong perahu boleh balik, terlongsong cakap tak boleh balik
- tuah ayam boleh dilihat, tuah manusia siapa tahu
- utang emas boleh dibayar, utang budi dibawa mati
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “boleh” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier bulih. The derivation can be reconstructed from Proto-Malayic *mAɣ-ulih via these stages: *mAɣ-ulih > *mar-ulih > *bar-ulih > *bər-ulih > *brulih* > bulih > boleh, from which the verb was derived. Doublet of beroleh, see also oleh.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]boleh (Jawi spelling بوليه)
- (Sumatra, Riau, Malay Peninsular) can (to be able to)
- Synonyms: reti, mampu, berkeupayaan, dapat
- Saya boleh menyanyi.
- I can sing.
- may (to have permission to)
- Bolehkah saya pergi ke tandas?
- May I go to the toilet?
Derived terms
[edit]Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- membolehkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- kebolehan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
- seboleh-bolehnya (“as far as possible”)
- boleh jadi (“maybe”)
- boleh terima (“acceptance; admissibility”)
- boleh ubah (“variable”)
- Malaysia Boleh (“Malaysia can do it”)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “بوله bolih”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 66
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “بوله buleh”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 133
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “boleh”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 149
Further reading
[edit]- “boleh” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Categories:
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Indonesian doublets
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɛh
- Rhymes:Indonesian/lɛh/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛh
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ɛh/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/h
- Rhymes:Indonesian/h/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian verbs
- Indonesian auxiliary verbs
- Indonesian terms with usage examples
- Indonesian terms with uncommon senses
- Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic
- Malay doublets
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/oleh
- Rhymes:Malay/leh
- Rhymes:Malay/eh
- Malay lemmas
- Malay verbs
- Malay verbs without transitivity
- Riau Malay
- Malay terms with usage examples