compleo

Latin

Alternative forms

• conpleō

Etymology

From con- +‎ pleō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈkom.ple.oː/, [ˈkɔmpɫ̪eoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈkom.ple.o/, [ˈkɔmpleo]

Verb

compleō (present infinitive complēre, perfect active complēvī, supine complētum); second conjugation

1. to fill up, fill full, fill out; make up, complete

   Synonyms: impleō, expleō, repleō, suppleō, cumulō, stīpō, imbuō

   Antonyms: exhauriō, dēpleō, dēfundō

2. to cover, overwhelm
3. to occupy, set up a garrison (military)

   Synonyms: occupō, obsideō, possideō, obtineō, capiō, teneō, potior

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I.12:

     inter Palatinum Capitolinumque collem [...] complesset

     occupied the ground between the Palatine Hill and the Capitoline

4. (with food or drink) to fill, sate; satisfy
5. to finish, complete
6. (of a promise) to fulfil

Conjugation

Conjugation of compleō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	compleō	complēs	complet	complēmus	complētis	complent
	imperfect	complēbam	complēbās	complēbat	complēbāmus	complēbātis	complēbant
	future	complēbō	complēbis	complēbit	complēbimus	complēbitis	complēbunt
	perfect	complēvī	complēvistī, complēstī1	complēvit, complēt1	complēvimus, complēmus1	complēvistis, complēstis1	complēvērunt, complēvēre, complērunt1
	pluperfect	complēveram, complēram1	complēverās, complērās1	complēverat, complērat1	complēverāmus, complērāmus1	complēverātis, complērātis1	complēverant, complērant1
	future perfect	complēverō, complērō1	complēveris, complēris1	complēverit, complērit1	complēverimus, complērimus1	complēveritis, complēritis1	complēverint, complērint1
passive	present	compleor	complēris, complēre	complētur	complēmur	complēminī	complentur
	imperfect	complēbar	complēbāris, complēbāre	complēbātur	complēbāmur	complēbāminī	complēbantur
	future	complēbor	complēberis, complēbere	complēbitur	complēbimur	complēbiminī	complēbuntur
	perfect	complētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	complētus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	compleam	compleās	compleat	compleāmus	compleātis	compleant
	imperfect	complērem	complērēs	complēret	complērēmus	complērētis	complērent
	perfect	complēverim, complērim1	complēverīs, complērīs1	complēverit, complērit1	complēverīmus, complērīmus1	complēverītis, complērītis1	complēverint, complērint1
	pluperfect	complēvissem, complēssem1	complēvissēs, complēssēs1	complēvisset, complēsset1	complēvissēmus, complēssēmus1	complēvissētis, complēssētis1	complēvissent, complēssent1
passive	present	complear	compleāris, compleāre	compleātur	compleāmur	compleāminī	compleantur
	imperfect	complērer	complērēris, complērēre	complērētur	complērēmur	complērēminī	complērentur
	perfect	complētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	complētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	complē	—	—	complēte	—
	future	—	complētō	complētō	—	complētōte	complentō
passive	present	—	complēre	—	—	complēminī	—
	future	—	complētor	complētor	—	—	complentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		complēre	complēvisse, complēsse1	complētūrum esse	complērī	complētum esse	complētum īrī
participles		complēns	—	complētūrus	—	complētus	complendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		complendī	complendō	complendum	complendō	complētum	complētū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• complēmentum
• complētiō
• complētīvus
• complētor
• complētōrium
• complētus

 

Related terms

• dēpleō
• expleō
• impleō
• oppleō
• repleō
• suppleō

 

Descendants

(All having the sense of 'finish, complete')

• Italian: compiere
• Neapolitan: cùnchiere (Calabria)
• Old French: compler
• Old Sassarese: clomper
  • Sassarese: zompere

Reflexes of an assumed variant *complīre:

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: cumpli
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: compìre
  • Sicilian: cùnchiri
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: complî
  • Piedmontese: conpì
  • Romagnol: ciumpì
  • Venetan: conpir
    • →? Friulian: compî
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: complir
  • Franco-Provençal: compli, camplli
  • Old French: complir
    • Middle French: complir
      • → English: comply, complish
  • Occitan: complir
• Ibero-Romance: (conserv. outcomes of /pl-/)
  • Aragonese: complir, cumplir, cumpllir
  • Asturian: cumplir
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: comprir
    • Galician: cumprir, comprir
    • Portuguese: cumprir
  • Old Spanish: cumplir, complir
    • Spanish: cumplir
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: lompiri (Campidanese)
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *accomplīre
  • Catalan: acomplir
  • Old French: acomplir
  • Occitan: acomplir

References

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “complere”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 981

Further reading

• “compleo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “compleo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• compleo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
    
  • to fill up the numbers of the legions: complere legiones (B. C. 1. 25)
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti