fröken
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See also: frøken
Old Swedish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German vröuken, vrouwicken, diminutive of vrûwe, vrouwe (“woman, lady”), from Old Saxon frūa.
Noun
[edit]fröken
- (about or title of) an unmarried princess or furstinna (“Fürstin”)
- 1502 April 14, Carl Gustaf Styffe, “Sten Sture till Svante Nilsson, om krigarustningar och krigs- händelser, dat. Thorshälla d. 14 April 1502.”, in Bidrag till Skandinaviens historia ur utländska arkiver[1], volumes Fjerde delen. Sverige i Sten Sture den yngres tid 1470-1503, published 1875, page 312:
- […] och hade for visse och sanne tidendhe, ath kongen han foldhe sin dotther frögdeken in i lanter (!) Holsteten (!) och ther bliffwer han qwar, […]
- […] and had for certain and true news, that the king has married his daughter the princess into the country (!) of Holstein (!) and there he remains, […]
Descendants
[edit]- Swedish: fröken
References
[edit]- fröken in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- fröken (frögdeken)/ in Knut Fredrik Söderwall, Ordbok öfver svenska medeltids-språket
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Swedish fröken, from Middle Low German vröuken, vrouwicken, diminutive of vrûwe, vrouwe (“woman, lady”), from Old Saxon frūa, from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]fröken c
- (dated) Miss ((title for an) unmarried woman)
- Synonym: (in English-speaking countries) miss
- Vill fröken ha kaffe?
- Would you like some coffee, Miss?
- Fröken Andersson kom och hälsade på
- Miss Andersson came to visit
- (somewhat dated) a female teacher or pedagogue, Miss (in kindergarten or elementary school – especially when referred to or addressed by the children)
- Synonyms: (elementary school) skolfröken, (kindergarten) dagisfröken, lärarinna, lärare, pedagog
- Fröken! Jag behöver hjälp.
- Teacher! I need help.
- Våran fröken är jättesnäll!
- Our teacher is super nice!
- (somewhat dated) Miss (as a term of address for a woman in certain functions, for example a waitress)
- Ursäkta fröken, skulle vi kunna få notan, tack?
- Excuse me Miss, could we have the bill, please?
- (by extension) a young girl, a miss
- Hon är en envis liten fröken
- She is a stubborn little miss
- a Miss ((title for a) female participant in or winner of a (Swedish) beauty pageant or beauty contest)
- Synonym: (Sweden and international) miss
- (obsolete) an unmarried princess
Usage notes
[edit]- Still fairly common in (sense 2) among children, perhaps varying from (pre)school to (pre)school. Occasionally extended to male teachers or pedagogues (by children).
- Definite singular colloquially also fröknen/fröknens.
- After the you-reform of the 1960s and '70s, addressing by first name is seen as more appropriate in Sweden, except under the most formal of circumstances, like when addressing royalty.
Declension
[edit]Declension of fröken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | fröken | fröken | fröknar | fröknarna |
Genitive | frökens | frökens | fröknars | fröknarnas |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms borrowed from Middle Low German
- Old Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Old Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish nouns
- Old Swedish terms with quotations
- gmq-osw:Monarchy
- gmq-osw:Nobility
- gmq-osw:Female people
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Middle Low German
- Swedish terms derived from Old Saxon
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish dated terms
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish terms with obsolete senses