virka
Estonian
[edit]Adjective
[edit]virka
Faroese
[edit]Verb
[edit]virka (third person singular past indicative virkaði, third person plural past indicative virkað, supine virkað)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of virka (group v-30) | ||
---|---|---|
infinitive | virka | |
supine | virkað | |
participle (a6)1 | virkandi | virkaður |
present | past | |
first singular | virki | virkaði |
second singular | virkar | virkaði |
third singular | virkar | virkaði |
plural | virka | virkaðu |
imperative | ||
singular | virka! | |
plural | virkið! | |
1Only the past participle being declined. |
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Probably borrowed from Old Swedish virke, with possible influence from virka (etymology 2) with which it has been equated in the past.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]virka
- post, position, office, public office (public sector work)
- olla virassa / hoitaa virkaa ― to hold an office
- astua virkaan ― to assume one's office/post/responsibilities/duties, to be inaugurated/installed/inducted into office
- asettaa virkaan ― to inaugurate into office, install into office, induct into office
- purpose, point, function
Declension
[edit]Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | virka | virat | |
genitive | viran | virkojen | |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | |
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | virka | virat | |
accusative | nom. | virka | virat |
gen. | viran | ||
genitive | viran | virkojen virkain rare | |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | |
inessive | virassa | viroissa | |
elative | virasta | viroista | |
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | |
adessive | viralla | viroilla | |
ablative | viralta | viroilta | |
allative | viralle | viroille | |
essive | virkana | virkoina | |
translative | viraksi | viroiksi | |
abessive | viratta | viroitta | |
instructive | — | viroin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]- koiranvirka
- kunniavirka
- laiskanvirka
- lääkärinvirka
- ministerinvirka
- opettajanvirka
- opetusvirka
- pakastevirka
- papinvirka
- pappisvirka
- piispanvirka
- presidentinvirka
- professorinvirka
- sihteerinvirka
- sivuvirka
- sotilasvirka
- tuomarinvirka
- tutkijanvirka
- viraltapano
- viranhaku
- viranhakupaperi
- viranhaltija
- viranhoitaja
- viranomainen
- viranomaistehtävä
- viranomaistoimi
- viransijainen
- viransijaisuus
- virantoimitus
- virantäyttö
- virassaoloaika
- virkaa toimittava
- virka-aika
- virkaanasettajaiset
- virkaanastujaisesitelmä
- virkaanastujaiset
- virkaanastujaispuhe
- virka-ansiomerkki
- virka-apu
- virka-arvo
- virka-asema
- virka-asia
- virka-asteikko
- virka-asu
- virka-asunto
- virkaatoimittava
- virkaehto
- virkaehtosopimus
- virkaeläke
- virkaero
- virkaheitto
- virkahuone
- virkaikä
- virkainto
- virkaintoinen
- virkaintoisesti
- virkakausi
- virkakieli
- virkakielto
- virkakieltojärjestelmä
- virkakoneisto
- virkalakki
- virkaleima
- virkamatka
- virkamerkki
- virkamiehistö
- virkamies
- virkamieshallitus
- virkamiesjärjestö
- virkamieskunta
- virkamieslakko
- virkamiesmäinen
- virkanainen
- virkanimike
- virkanimitys
- virkapuhelu
- virkapuku
- virkapukuinen
- virkarakenne
- virkarikos
- virkasalaisuus
- virkasisar
- virkasuhde
- virkasuhteinen
- virkasyyte
- virkasääntö
- virkatalo
- virkatehtävä
- virkateitse
- virkatie
- virkatodistus
- virkatoimenpide
- virkatoimi
- virkatoveri
- virkatutkinto
- virkatyö
- virkaura
- virkavakuutus
- virkavala
- virkavalta
- virkavaltainen
- virkavaltaisesti
- virkavaltaisuus
- virkavapaa
- virkavapaus
- virkavastuu
- virkaveli
- virkavelvollisuus
- virkavirhe
- virkavuosi
- virkaylennys
- yliopistovirka
Further reading
[edit]- “virka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *virka, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (compare Latvian verdze).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]virka (dialectal)
Declension
[edit]Inflection of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | virka | virat | |
genitive | viran | virkojen | |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | |
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | virka | virat | |
accusative | nom. | virka | virat |
gen. | viran | ||
genitive | viran | virkojen virkain rare | |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja | |
inessive | virassa | viroissa | |
elative | virasta | viroista | |
illative | virkaan | virkoihin | |
adessive | viralla | viroilla | |
ablative | viralta | viroilta | |
allative | viralle | viroille | |
essive | virkana | virkoina | |
translative | viraksi | viroiksi | |
abessive | viratta | viroitta | |
instructive | — | viroin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of virka (Kotus type 9*D/kala, k-∅ gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virka
- inflection of virkkaa:
Anagrams
[edit]Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Danish virke from Old Norse virkja, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]virka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative virkaði, supine virkað)
- (intransitive) to work, to function
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að virka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
virkað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
virkandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég virka | við virkum | present (nútíð) |
ég virki | við virkum |
þú virkar | þið virkið | þú virkir | þið virkið | ||
hann, hún, það virkar | þeir, þær, þau virka | hann, hún, það virki | þeir, þær, þau virki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég virkaði | við virkuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég virkaði | við virkuðum |
þú virkaðir | þið virkuðuð | þú virkaðir | þið virkuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það virkaði | þeir, þær, þau virkuðu | hann, hún, það virkaði | þeir, þær, þau virkuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
virka (þú) | virkið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
virkaðu | virkiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
Derived terms
[edit]- virkni (“activity, action, function”)
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *virka. Cognates include Finnish virka and dialectal Estonian virg.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirk]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋirkɑ/, [ˈʋirɡ̊ɑ]
- Rhymes: -irk, -irkɑ
- Hyphenation: vir‧ka
Noun
[edit]virka
Declension
[edit]Declension of virka (type 3/kana, k- gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | virka | virat |
genitive | viran | virkoin |
partitive | virkaa | virkoja |
illative | virkaa | virkoi |
inessive | viras | virois |
elative | virast | viroist |
allative | viralle | viroille |
adessive | viral | viroil |
ablative | viralt | viroilt |
translative | viraks | viroiks |
essive | virkanna, virkaan | virkoinna, virkoin |
exessive1) | virkant | virkoint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 669
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]virka
- inflection of virke:
- simple past
- past participle
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse virkja, from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną.
Verb
[edit]virka (present virkar, preterite virkade, supine virkat, imperative virka)
- to crochet
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | virka | virkas | ||
Supine | virkat | virkats | ||
Imperative | virka | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | virken | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | virkar | virkade | virkas | virkades |
Ind. plural1 | virka | virkade | virkas | virkades |
Subjunctive2 | virke | virkade | virkes | virkades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | virkande | |||
Past participle | virkad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Related terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]- Estonian non-lemma forms
- Estonian adjective forms
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese verbs
- Finnish terms borrowed from Old Swedish
- Finnish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/irkɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/irkɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with collocations
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Finnish dialectal terms
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish verb forms
- Icelandic terms derived from Danish
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/ɪr̥ka
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic weak verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/irk
- Rhymes:Ingrian/irk/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/irkɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/irkɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian nouns
- izh:Jewelry
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål verb forms
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *werǵ-
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish verbs
- Swedish weak verbs