вал
Bulgarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Diachronically from Proto-Slavic *valъ. Synchronically could be interpreted either as a resultant noun or as the origin of Bulgarian валя́ (valjá, “to rain; to knock, to tumble down”). The technical meaning is borrowed from Russian вал (val), ultimately from the same origin.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val) m
- embankment, digue, man-made mound
- high wave
- (technical) shaft
- коля́нов вал ― koljánov val ― crankshaft
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- подва́л (podvál, “firmament, basement”) (dialectal)
- прева́л (prevál, “opposite slope of a hill”)
- прова́л (provál, “failure, downfall”)
- свал (sval) (obsolete)
- разва́л (razvál, “breakdown”)
- ува́л (uvál, “dale, depression”) (dialectal)
- ва́лог (válog, “depression between highlands”) (dialectal)
- ва́лов (válov, “rolling, axle”)
- ва́лък (válǎk) (dialectal)
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “вал”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Erzya
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Mordvinic *valə, inherited from Proto-Uralic *wala. Cognates include Finnish vala (“oath”), Lule Sami vuolle (“song”), Nganasan бәлы (bəlɨ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val)
- word
- чуросто вастневиця вал ― čurosto vastńevića val ― a rare word
- 1865, Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, Das Evangelium des Matthäus ersamordwinisch, page 15:
- No uleze tynk valonk “isťa, isťa”, “araś, araś”; i meze uli tede uskula, se šaitansto.
- All you need to say is simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything beyond this comes from the evil one.
- (literally, “Let your words be [...]”)
- promise
Declension
[edit]This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “вал”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #1684 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Komi-Zyrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Russian вал (val).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val)
Declension
[edit]Declension of вал (stem: валй-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | вал (val) | валъяс (valjas) | |
accusative | I* | вал (val) | валъяс (valjas) |
II* | валйӧс (valjös) | валъясӧс (valjasös) | |
instrumental | валйӧн (valjön) | валъясӧн (valjasön) | |
comitative | валкӧд (valköd) | валъяскӧд (valjasköd) | |
caritive | валтӧг (valtög) | валъястӧг (valjastög) | |
consecutive | валла (valla) | валъясла (valjasla) | |
genitive | валлӧн (vallön) | валъяслӧн (valjaslön) | |
ablative | валлысь (vallyś) | валъяслысь (valjaslyś) | |
dative | валлы (vally) | валъяслы (valjasly) | |
inessive | валйын (valjyn) | валъясын (valjasyn) | |
elative | валйысь (valjyś) | валъясысь (valjasyś) | |
illative | валйӧ (valjö) | валъясӧ (valjasö) | |
egressive | валсянь (valśań) | валъяссянь (valjasśań) | |
approximative | валлань (vallań) | валъяслань (valjaslań) | |
terminative | валйӧдз (valjödź) | валъясӧдз (valjasödź) | |
prolative | I | валйӧд (valjöd) | валъясӧд (valjasöd) |
II | валті (valti) | валъясті (valjasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
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References
[edit]- Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949) Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 31
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 75
Nivkh
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал (val)
Russian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- валъ (val) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val) m inan (genitive ва́ла, nominative plural валы́, genitive plural вало́в)
- billow, roller
- barrage fire
- rampart
- shaft, axle
- gross output
- вы́полнить план по валу ― výpolnitʹ plan po valu ― to implement the plan by bulk output
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- валово́й (valovój)
- ва́лом (válom)
- девя́тый вал (devjátyj val)
Descendants
[edit]- → Komi-Zyrian: вал (val)
References
[edit]- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “вал”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 132
Further reading
[edit]- вал in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru
Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *valъ, from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, roll”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ва̑л m (Latin spelling vȃl)
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Udmurt
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Permic *vɔ̇l, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *wälɜ. Cognates include Erzya ведрекш (vedŕekš, “heifer”) and Estonian veis (“bull, ox”).
Permic cognates include Komi-Zyrian вӧв (vöv), Komi-Permyak вӧв (vöv) and Komi-Yazva вӧл (völ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | вал val |
валъёс valjos |
accusative | валэз valez |
валъёсыз valjosyz |
genitive | валлэн vallen |
валъёслэн valjoslen |
dative | валлы vally |
валъёслы valjosly |
ablative | валлэсь valleś |
валъёслэсь valjosleś |
instrumental | валэн valen |
валъёсын valjosyn |
abessive | валтэк valtek |
валъёстэк valjostek |
adverbial | валъя valja |
валъёсъя valjosja |
inessive | валын valyn |
валъёсын valjosyn |
illative | валэ vale |
валъёсы valjosy |
elative | валысь valyś |
валъёсысь valjosyś |
egressive | валысьен valyśjen |
валъёсысьен valjosyśjen |
terminative | валозь valoź |
валъёсозь valjosoź |
prolative | валэтӥ valeti |
валъёсытӥ valjosyti |
allative | валлань vallań |
валъёслань valjoslań |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валэ vale |
валъёсы valjosy |
accusative | валме valme |
валъёсме valjosme |
genitive | валэлэн valelen |
валъёсылэн valjosylen |
dative | валэлы valely |
валъёсылы valjosyly |
ablative | валэлэсь valeleś |
валъёсылэсь valjosyleś |
instrumental | валэным valenym |
валъёсыным valjosynym |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валэд valed |
валъёсыд valjosyd |
accusative | валдэ valde |
валъёстэ valjoste |
genitive | валэдлэн valedlen |
валъёсыдлэн valjosydlen |
dative | валэдлы valedly |
валъёсыдлы valjosydly |
ablative | валэдлэсь valedleś |
валъёсыдлэсь valjosydleś |
instrumental | валэныд valenyd |
валъёсыныд valjosynyd |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валэз valez |
валъёсыз valjosyz |
accusative | валзэ valze |
валъёссэ valjosse |
genitive | валэзлэн valezlen |
валъёсызлэн valjosyzlen |
dative | валэзлы valezly |
валъёсызлы valjosyzly |
ablative | валэзлэсь valezleś |
валъёсызлэсь valjosyzleś |
instrumental | валэныз valenyz |
валъёсыныз valjosynyz |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валмы valmy |
валъёсмы valjosmy |
accusative | валмэс valmes |
валъёсмес valjosmes |
genitive | валмылэн valmylen |
валъёсмылэн valjosmylen |
dative | валмылы valmyly |
валъёсмылы valjosmyly |
ablative | валмылэсь valmyleś |
валъёсмылэсь valjosmyleś |
instrumental | валэнымы valenymy |
валъёсынымы valjosynymy |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валды valdy |
валъёсты valjosty |
accusative | валдэс valdes |
валъёстэс valjostes |
genitive | валдылэн valdylen |
валъёстылэн valjostylen |
dative | валдылы valdyly |
валъёстылы valjostyly |
ablative | валдылэсь valdyleś |
валъёстылэсь valjostyleś |
instrumental | валэныды valenydy |
валъёсыныды valjosynydy |
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | валзы valzy |
валъёссы valjossy |
accusative | валзэс valzes |
валъёссэс valjosses |
genitive | валзылэн valzylen |
валъёссылэн valjossylen |
dative | валзылы valzyly |
валъёссылы valjossyly |
ablative | валзылэсь valzyleś |
валъёссылэсь valjossyleś |
instrumental | валэнызы valenyzy |
валъёсынызы valjosynyzy |
Derived terms
[edit]- валдурет (valduret)
References
[edit]- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “вал”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 101
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 14
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 310
Ukrainian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old East Slavic валъ (valŭ), from Proto-Slavic *valъ
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]вал • (val) m inan (genitive ва́ла, nominative plural вали́, genitive plural валі́в)
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- “вал”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian
- Bulgarian terms derived from Russian
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/aɫ/1 syllable
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian nouns
- Bulgarian masculine nouns
- Bulgarian technical terms
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- bg:Waves
- bg:Walls and fences
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya lemmas
- Erzya nouns
- Erzya terms with usage examples
- Erzya terms with quotations
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Komi-Zyrian terms borrowed from Russian
- Komi-Zyrian terms derived from Russian
- Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Komi-Zyrian lemmas
- Komi-Zyrian nouns
- Nivkh lemmas
- Nivkh nouns
- Russian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Russian/aɫ
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with usage examples
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern c
- Russian nouns with locative singular
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian nouns
- Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns
- Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Permic
- Udmurt terms derived from Proto-Permic
- Udmurt terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Udmurt terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Udmurt terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Udmurt/äl
- Rhymes:Udmurt/äl/1 syllable
- Udmurt lemmas
- Udmurt nouns
- udm:Mammals
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ukrainian terms with audio links
- Ukrainian lemmas
- Ukrainian nouns
- Ukrainian masculine nouns
- Ukrainian inanimate nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns
- Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-c nouns
- Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c