ـم

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Bulgar

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Etymology 1

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Cognate with Ottoman Turkish ما (ma), مه (me).

Suffix

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ـمَ (-ma, -me)

  1. Suffix creating emphasis, reduplication.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Suffix

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ـمْ (-m)

  1. Suffix equipping ordinal numbers.
Derived terms
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References

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  • Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN

Persian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (-om).

Suffix

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Dari ـم
Iranian Persian
Tajik -ум

ـُم (-om)

  1. -th; creates ordinal numbers
    پنجمpanj-omfifth
    بیست و یکمbist-o yek-omtwenty-first
  2. -th; creates fractions
    یک ششم میوهyek šeš-om-e mivea sixth of the fruit

Usage notes

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An ordinal number formed by the suffix ـم (-om) behaves syntactically as a regular adjective, unlike the cardinals, and takes the ezâfe.

بیست قرنbist qarntwenty centuries
قرن بیستمqarn-e bistomtwentieth century

Persian has two ways to form the ordinals: ـم (-om), and the related ـمین (-omin). The -om forms have a stronger connotation of labeling, while the -omin forms have a stronger connotation of counting according to a certain criterion. The -omin forms also precede the attributed noun without the ezâfe.

خانه سوم خیابانxâne-ye sevvom-e xiyâbânthird house on the street [out of all houses]
سومین خانه سیاه خیابانsevvomin xâne-ye siyâh-e xiyâbânthe third black house on the street

For "first" in isolation (but not in compounds), یکم (yekom) is much less common than the Arabic-borrowed اول (avval).

Uyghur

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Suffix

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ـم (-m)

  1. 1st person singular possessive suffix

Usage notes

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  • (instantaneous suffix) Harmonic variants:
    ـم (-m) is added to open syllable words
    ـىم (-im) is added to close syllable unrounded vowel words
    ـۇم (-um) is added to close syllable rounded back vowel words
    ـۈم (-üm) is added to close syllable rounded front vowel words

Derived terms

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See also

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