فتن
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the root ف ت ن (f-t-n). Cognate with Mehri [script needed] (fetōn), Ge'ez ፈተነ (fatana, “try, test”).
Verb
[edit]فَتَنَ • (fatana) I (non-past يَفْتِنُ (yaftinu), verbal noun فَتْن (fatn) or فِتْنَة (fitna) or فُتُون (futūn))
- (transitive) to draw into temptation, to lead astray
- Synonyms: أَغْرَى (ʔaḡrā, “to tempt; to allure, to entice; to seduce”), أَغْوَى (ʔaḡwā, “to mislead”), مَنَّى (mannā, “to promise, to delude with promises; to tempt”), أَضَلَّ (ʔaḍalla, “to mislead, to misguide; to deceive”)
- (transitive) to afflict, to test, to try
- Synonyms: اِمْتَحَنَ (imtaḥana, “to examine; to test”), اِبْتَلَى (ibtalā, “to try, to test”)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:126:
- أَوَلَا يَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُمْ يُفْتَنُونَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ مَّرَّةً أَوْ مَرَّتَيْنِ ثُمَّ لَا يَتُوبُونَ وَلَا هُمْ يَذَّكَّرُونَ
- ʔawa-lā yarawna ʔannahum yuftanūna fī kulli ʕāmin mmarratan ʔaw marratayni ṯumma lā yatūbūna wa-lā hum yaḏḏakkarūna
- Do they not see that they are tried every year once or twice but then they do not repent nor do they remember?
- (transitive) to persecute, to victimize, to oppress; to torture (in order to forcibly convert or impose a particular ideology, for example)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 10:83:
- فَمَا آمَنَ لِمُوسَى إِلَّا ذُرِّيَّةٌ مِّن قَوْمِهِ عَلَى خَوْفٍ مِّن فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِمْ أَن يَفْتِنَهُمْ وَإِنَّ فِرْعَوْنَ لَعَالٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَإِنَّهُ لَمِنَ الْمُسْرِفِينَ
- fa-mā ʔāmana li-mūsā ʔillā ḏurriyyatun mmin qawmihi ʕalā ḵawfin mmin firʕawna wa-malaʔihim ʔan yaftinahum wa-ʔinna firʕawna laʕālin fī l-ʔarḍi wa-ʔinnahu lamina l-musrifīna
- But no one believed Moses, except youths among his people, for fear of the Pharaoh and his establishment that they would persecute them. And indeed, the Pharaoh was high [and ascendant] within the land, and indeed, he was of the transgressors.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 85:10:
- إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَتُوبُوا فَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ جَهَنَّمَ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابُ الْحَرِيقِ
- ʔinna llaḏīna fatanū al-muʔminīna wa-l-muʔmināti ṯumma lam yatūbū fa-lahum ʕaḏābu jahannama wa-lahum ʕaḏābu l-ḥarīqi
- Indeed, those who have tortured the believing men and women and then have not repented will have the punishment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the Burning Fire.
- (transitive, rare) to burn, to roast
- Synonym: أَحْرَقَ (ʔaḥraqa)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 51:14:
- يَوْمَ هُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ يُفْتَنُونَ / ذُوقُوا فِتْنَتَكُمْ هَٰذَا الَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِ تَسْتَعْجِلُونَ
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (transitive) to melt, to smelt
- Synonym: صَهَرَ (ṣahara)
Usage notes
[edit]- In the sense "to persecute; to torture", the word almost always refers to condemned judgment. This is because the dominant sense is that of misleading, hence "to oppress or torture in order to mislead". If the persecution is deemed rightful, justified, or deserved, other, oftentimes overtly emotive, terms are used instead, which are connotationally closer to "punish" than "persecute". Fairly neutral synonymous terms with like denotations include حَاكَمَ (ḥākama) and قَاضَى (qāḍā).
Conjugation
[edit]verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
فَتْن, فِتْنَة, فُتُون fatn, fitna, futūn | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
فَاتِن fātin | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَفْتُون maftūn | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فَتَنْتُ fatantu |
فَتَنْتَ fatanta |
فَتَنَ fatana |
فَتَنْتُمَا fatantumā |
فَتَنَا fatanā |
فَتَنَّا fatannā |
فَتَنْتُمْ fatantum |
فَتَنُوا fatanū | |||
f | فَتَنْتِ fatanti |
فَتَنَتْ fatanat |
فَتَنَتَا fatanatā |
فَتَنْتُنَّ fatantunna |
فَتَنَّ fatanna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَفْتِنُ ʔaftinu |
تَفْتِنُ taftinu |
يَفْتِنُ yaftinu |
تَفْتِنَانِ taftināni |
يَفْتِنَانِ yaftināni |
نَفْتِنُ naftinu |
تَفْتِنُونَ taftinūna |
يَفْتِنُونَ yaftinūna | |||
f | تَفْتِنِينَ taftinīna |
تَفْتِنُ taftinu |
تَفْتِنَانِ taftināni |
تَفْتِنَّ taftinna |
يَفْتِنَّ yaftinna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَفْتِنَ ʔaftina |
تَفْتِنَ taftina |
يَفْتِنَ yaftina |
تَفْتِنَا taftinā |
يَفْتِنَا yaftinā |
نَفْتِنَ naftina |
تَفْتِنُوا taftinū |
يَفْتِنُوا yaftinū | |||
f | تَفْتِنِي taftinī |
تَفْتِنَ taftina |
تَفْتِنَا taftinā |
تَفْتِنَّ taftinna |
يَفْتِنَّ yaftinna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَفْتِنْ ʔaftin |
تَفْتِنْ taftin |
يَفْتِنْ yaftin |
تَفْتِنَا taftinā |
يَفْتِنَا yaftinā |
نَفْتِنْ naftin |
تَفْتِنُوا taftinū |
يَفْتِنُوا yaftinū | |||
f | تَفْتِنِي taftinī |
تَفْتِنْ taftin |
تَفْتِنَا taftinā |
تَفْتِنَّ taftinna |
يَفْتِنَّ yaftinna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِفْتِنْ iftin |
اِفْتِنَا iftinā |
اِفْتِنُوا iftinū |
||||||||
f | اِفْتِنِي iftinī |
اِفْتِنَّ iftinna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | فُتِنْتُ futintu |
فُتِنْتَ futinta |
فُتِنَ futina |
فُتِنْتُمَا futintumā |
فُتِنَا futinā |
فُتِنَّا futinnā |
فُتِنْتُمْ futintum |
فُتِنُوا futinū | |||
f | فُتِنْتِ futinti |
فُتِنَتْ futinat |
فُتِنَتَا futinatā |
فُتِنْتُنَّ futintunna |
فُتِنَّ futinna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُفْتَنُ ʔuftanu |
تُفْتَنُ tuftanu |
يُفْتَنُ yuftanu |
تُفْتَنَانِ tuftanāni |
يُفْتَنَانِ yuftanāni |
نُفْتَنُ nuftanu |
تُفْتَنُونَ tuftanūna |
يُفْتَنُونَ yuftanūna | |||
f | تُفْتَنِينَ tuftanīna |
تُفْتَنُ tuftanu |
تُفْتَنَانِ tuftanāni |
تُفْتَنَّ tuftanna |
يُفْتَنَّ yuftanna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُفْتَنَ ʔuftana |
تُفْتَنَ tuftana |
يُفْتَنَ yuftana |
تُفْتَنَا tuftanā |
يُفْتَنَا yuftanā |
نُفْتَنَ nuftana |
تُفْتَنُوا tuftanū |
يُفْتَنُوا yuftanū | |||
f | تُفْتَنِي tuftanī |
تُفْتَنَ tuftana |
تُفْتَنَا tuftanā |
تُفْتَنَّ tuftanna |
يُفْتَنَّ yuftanna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُفْتَنْ ʔuftan |
تُفْتَنْ tuftan |
يُفْتَنْ yuftan |
تُفْتَنَا tuftanā |
يُفْتَنَا yuftanā |
نُفْتَنْ nuftan |
تُفْتَنُوا tuftanū |
يُفْتَنُوا yuftanū | |||
f | تُفْتَنِي tuftanī |
تُفْتَنْ tuftan |
تُفْتَنَا tuftanā |
تُفْتَنَّ tuftanna |
يُفْتَنَّ yuftanna |
Noun
[edit]فِتَن • (fitan) f pl
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ف ت ن
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic transitive verbs
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic terms with rare senses
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with past vowel a and non-past vowel i
- Arabic verbs with full passive
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic noun forms