समुद्र
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See also: समुद्री
Bhojpuri
[edit]Noun
[edit]समुद्र (samudra) m (Kaithi 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩)
- Alternative form of समुंद्र (samundra)
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra). Doublet of समंदर (samandar).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]समुद्र • (samudra) m (Urdu spelling سمدر)
Declension
[edit]Declension of समुद्र (masc cons-stem)
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]समुद्र • (samudra) n
Declension
[edit]Declension of समुद्र (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
समुद्र samudr | ||
direct plural |
समुद्रे, समुद्रं samudre, samudra | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
समुद्र samudr |
समुद्रे, समुद्रं samudre, samudra | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
समुद्रा samudrā |
समुद्रां- samudrān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
समुद्राला samudrālā |
समुद्रांना samudrānnā | |
ergative | समुद्राने, समुद्रानं samudrāne, samudrāna |
समुद्रांनी samudrānnī | |
instrumental | समुद्राशी samudrāśī |
समुद्रांशी samudrānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
समुद्रात samudrāt |
समुद्रांत samudrāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
समुद्रा samudrā |
समुद्रांनो samudrānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of समुद्र (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
समुद्राचा samudrāċā |
समुद्राचे samudrāċe |
समुद्राची samudrācī |
समुद्राच्या samudrācā |
समुद्राचे, समुद्राचं samudrāċe, samudrāċa |
समुद्राची samudrācī |
समुद्राच्या samudrācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
समुद्रांचा samudrānċā |
समुद्रांचे samudrānċe |
समुद्रांची samudrāñcī |
समुद्रांच्या samudrāncā |
समुद्रांचे, समुद्रांचं samudrānċe, samudrānċa |
समुद्रांची samudrāñcī |
समुद्रांच्या samudrāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms
[edit]- समुद्रकिनारा (samudrakinārā, “seacoast”)
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine, “समुद्र”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “समुद्र”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “समुद्र”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “समुद्र”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit समुद्र (samudra).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]समुद्र • (samudra)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- সমুদ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬲᬫᬸᬤ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- সমুদ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰦𑰲𑰟𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- သမုဒြ (Burmese script)
- સમુદ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸਮੁਦ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑌮𑍁𑌦𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦱꦩꦸꦢꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂧𑂳𑂠𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಸಮುದ್ರ (Kannada script)
- សមុទ្រ (Khmer script)
- ສມຸທ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- സമുദ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᡠᡩᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘦𑘳𑘟𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠰᠠᠮᠤᢑᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧆𑧔𑦿𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑐩𑐸𑐡𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ସମୁଦ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢱꢪꢸꢣ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑆩𑆶𑆢𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖦𑖲𑖟𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- සමුද්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁𑩴𑩒𑩭 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚢𑚰𑚛𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஸமுத்³ர (Tamil script)
- సముద్ర (Telugu script)
- สมุทฺร (Thai script)
- ས་མུ་དྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑒧𑒳𑒠𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑨢𑨃𑨛𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From सम्- (sam-, “together”) + Proto-Indo-European *ud-ró-s (“water”); synchronically analyseable as सम्- (sam-, “together, wholly”) + उद्र (udra, “water”). Related to उदन् (udan) and उदक (udaka).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]समुद्र • (samudrá) stem, m or n
- any large body of water, confluence of two rivers; especially the sea, ocean
- Synonym: सागर (sāgara)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.72.3:
- इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
प्रार्णां॑स्यैरयतं न॒दीना॒मा स॑मु॒द्राणि॑ पप्रथुः पु॒रूणि॑॥- índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
prā́rṇāṃsyairayataṃ nadī́nāmā́ samudrā́ṇi paprathuḥ purū́ṇi. - Indra and Soma, you slew Vṛtra; the obstructer of the water; for which the heaven venerates you both; you have urged on the waters of the rivers until they have replenished numerous oceans.
- índrāsomāváhimapáḥ pariṣṭhā́ṃ hathó vṛtrámánu vāṃ dyaúramanyata.
- इन्द्रा॑सोमा॒वहि॑म॒पः प॑रि॒ष्ठां ह॒थो वृ॒त्रमनु॑ वां॒ द्यौर॑मन्यत।
Declension
[edit]Masculine a-stem declension of समुद्र (samudrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | समुद्रः samudráḥ |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ samudraú / samudrā́¹ |
समुद्राः / समुद्रासः¹ samudrā́ḥ / samudrā́saḥ¹ |
Vocative | समुद्र sámudra |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ sámudrau / sámudrā¹ |
समुद्राः / समुद्रासः¹ sámudrāḥ / sámudrāsaḥ¹ |
Accusative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रौ / समुद्रा¹ samudraú / samudrā́¹ |
समुद्रान् samudrā́n |
Instrumental | समुद्रेण samudréṇa |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रैः / समुद्रेभिः¹ samudraíḥ / samudrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | समुद्राय samudrā́ya |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | समुद्रात् samudrā́t |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | समुद्रस्य samudrásya |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्राणाम् samudrā́ṇām |
Locative | समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्रेषु samudréṣu |
Notes |
|
Neuter a-stem declension of समुद्र (samudrá) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ samudrā́ṇi / samudrā́¹ |
Vocative | समुद्र sámudra |
समुद्रे sámudre |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ sámudrāṇi / sámudrā¹ |
Accusative | समुद्रम् samudrám |
समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्राणि / समुद्रा¹ samudrā́ṇi / samudrā́¹ |
Instrumental | समुद्रेण samudréṇa |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रैः / समुद्रेभिः¹ samudraíḥ / samudrébhiḥ¹ |
Dative | समुद्राय samudrā́ya |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
Ablative | समुद्रात् samudrā́t |
समुद्राभ्याम् samudrā́bhyām |
समुद्रेभ्यः samudrébhyaḥ |
Genitive | समुद्रस्य samudrásya |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्राणाम् samudrā́ṇām |
Locative | समुद्रे samudré |
समुद्रयोः samudráyoḥ |
समुद्रेषु samudréṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]- Helu Prakrit:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
- Sindhi: سَمُنڊُ (samunḍu)
- Pali: samudda
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀤 (samudda)
Borrowed terms
[edit]- Acehnese: samudra
- Bengali: সমুদ্র (śomudro)
- Burmese: သမုဒ္ဒရာ (sa.mudda.ra)
- Gujarati: સમંદર (samandar)
- Hindi: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समन्दर (samandar), समुंदर (samundar)
- Indonesian: Sumatra
- → English: Sumatra
- Kannada: ಸಮುದ್ರ (samudra)
- Khmer: សមុទ្រ (saʼmot)
- Lü: ᦉᦖᦳᧆ (ṡṁud)
- Malay: samudera
- Indonesian: samudra
- Old Javanese: samudra
- Odia: ସମୁଦ୍ର (samudra)
- Nepali: समुद्र (samudra), (semi-learned) समुन्द्र (samundra)
- Punjabi: ਸਮੁੰਦਰ (samundar)
- Tamil: சமுத்திரம் (camuttiram)
- Telugu: సముద్రము (samudramu)
- Thai: สมุทร (sà-mùt)
- Urdu: سَمُنْدَر (samundar)
Categories:
- Bhojpuri lemmas
- Bhojpuri nouns
- Bhojpuri nouns in Devanagari script
- Bhojpuri masculine nouns
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- hi:Bodies of water
- hi:Landforms
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi neuter consonant-stem nouns
- mr:Sciences
- mr:Geography
- mr:Bodies of water
- mr:Landforms
- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- ne:Bodies of water
- ne:Landforms
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms prefixed with सम्-
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit nouns with multiple genders
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- sa:Bodies of water
- sa:Landforms