ὑπό

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See also: υπο-, υπό-, ὑπο-, and ὕπο

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *upó (under, below), with regular rough breathing (h) before initial υ (u). Cognates include Latin sub and Sanskrit उप (upa).[1]

The genitive is from the PIE ablative of origin or cause. The dative is from the PIE locative and metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE accusative of direct object.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ῠ̔πό (hupó) (governs the genitive, dative, and accusative)

  1. [with genitive]
    1. (of place) from underneath
      1. under, beneath
    2. (of cause or agency) by, through
      1. (in pregnant phrases) of immediate acts of an agent, as well as further results
      2. (in Herodotus and Attic, of things as well as persons)
      3. denoting the attendant or accompanying circumstances
      4. (of accompanying music) to give the time
  2. [with dative]
    1. (of place or position) under, near
    2. (of agency) under, through, by
      1. expressing subjection or dependence
      2. of logical subordination
      3. of attendant circumstances
  3. [with accusative]
    1. (of place) to express motion towards and under
      1. of position or extension
      2. of logical subordination
    2. of subjection, control
    3. (of time) just after
    4. of accompaniment
    5. to a certain degree

Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • English: hypo-
  • Spanish: hipo-
  • Russian: гипо- (gipo-)

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὕπο, ὑπό”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1535

Further reading

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