ὦμος

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See also: ώμος, ωμός, and ὠμός

Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *h₃émōs. Cognates include Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), Latin umerus, Old Armenian ուս (us), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ὦμος (ômosm (genitive ὤμου); second declension

  1. shoulder with the upper arm; also of an animal
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.146:
       [], τὸν δ᾽ ἕτερον ξίφεϊ μεγάλῳ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου.
       [], the other with his long sword on the collarbone, shearing the shoulder from the neck and spine.
    • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.106:
      "ἐγὼ τήνδε τὴν χώρην ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι ἐκτησάμην."
      "egṑ tḗnde tḕn khṓrēn ṓmoisi toîsi emoîsi ektēsámēn."
      "I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders."
    • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.267:
       []· ὑψοῦ δὲ κάρη ἔχει, ἀμφὶ δὲ χαῖται ὤμοις ἀΐσσονται· []
       []; hupsoû dè kárē ékhei, amphì dè khaîtai ṓmois aḯssontai; []
       [], tossing his head while his mane streams over his shoulders, []
    • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 430:
       []· γλαυκιόων δ᾽ ὄσσοις δεινὸν πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους οὐρῇ μαστιόων ποσσὶν γλάφει, []
      [] his eyes glare fiercely, while he tears up the earth with his paws and lashes his flanks and shoulders with his tail []
    1. (particularly) shoulder (sometimes in contrast to the arm)
      Synonyms: πρῠμνὸς ὦμος (prumnòs ômos), πρῠμνότᾰτος (prumnótatos)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.341:
        Δηΐοχον δὲ Πάρις βάλε νείατον ὦμον ὄπισθε φεύγοντ᾽ ἐν προμάχοισι, διὰ πρὸ δὲ χαλκὸν ἔλασσεν.
        Deiochus fled with the other leaders, but Paris struck him from behind at the base of the shoulder, and drove the bronze clean through.
      • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 150:
        τῶν ἑκατὸν μὲν χεῖρες ἀπ᾽ ὤμων ἀίσσοντο, ἄπλαστοι, κεφαλαὶ δὲ ἑκάστῳ πεντήκοντα ἐξ ὤμων ἐπέφυκον ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι μέλεσσιν· []
        From their shoulders sprang a hundred arms, not to be approached, and fifty heads grew from the shoulders upon the strong limbs of each, []
    2. shoulder of a dress
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 28.12:
        καὶ θήσεις τοὺς δύο λίθους ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος· []
        kaì thḗseis toùs dúo líthous epì tôn ṓmōn tês epōmídos; []
        And you shall set the two stones on the shoulders of the shoulder-strap.
  2. (figurative) parts below the top or head of anything, especially of the fork of a vine

Inflection

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • English: omo-
  • Greek: ώμος (ómos)
  • New Latin: ōmohȳoīdēs, ōmohȳoīdeus

See also

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References

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