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2016 Summer Paralympics

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2016 Summer Paralympics

The 2016 Summer Paralympics (Brazilian Portuguese: Jogos Paralímpicos de Verão de 2016), the fifteenth Summer Paralympic Games, are a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee, being held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 September to 18 September 2016, making them the first Summer Paralympics to be held during the host city's autumntime. The Games mark the first time a Latin American and South American city hosts the event, the second Southern Hemisphere city and nation, the first one being the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, and also the first time a Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country hosts the event.[5] These Games will see the introduction of two new sports to the Paralympic program: canoeing and the paratriathlon.

The lead-up to these Paralympics have been met with major financial issues, which were primarily attributed to tepid sponsor interest and ticket sales. These shortcomings have resulted in cuts to volunteer staffing and transport, the re-location of events and the partial deconstruction of the Deodoro Olympic Park. However, none of these cuts have affected the Games themselves.

Bidding process

Main article: Bids for the 2016 Summer Olympics

As part of a formal agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001, the winner of the bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics was also to host the 2016 Summer Paralympics.[6] Following the third and final round of voting at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen on 2 October 2009, the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Rio de Janeiro.[7]

2016 Summer Olympics bidding results
City NOC Round 1 Round 2 Round 3
Rio de Janeiro  Brazil 26 46 66
Madrid  Spain 28 29 32
Tokyo  Japan 22 20 —
Chicago  United States 18 — —

Development and preparation

The 2007 Pan American Games and Parapan American Games in Rio de Janeiro marked the first time that the Pan Am Games and Parapan Am Games were hosted as parallel events in the same host city; Rio's organization of the two events helped provide the city with experience in hosting multi-sport events, and Paralympic sporting events. Andrew Parsons, president of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee, remarked that the organizing teams responsible for the Olympics and Paralympics were maintaining a good relationship and "speaking the same language" in relation to their organizational duties. Parsons praised how well-organized the 2012 Summer Paralympics were, and felt that his team had learned lessons from London that could be applied in Rio.[8]

Venues

Main article: Venues of the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
Map of Rio de Janeiro showing the competition venues for the 2016 Summer Olympics.

As in past years, the 2016 Summer Paralympics will share most of its venues with the Olympics.[8] Barra da Tijuca will host most of the venues of the Games; the rest will be located in Copacabana Beach, Maracanã and Deodoro; Barra da Tijuca will also house the Olympic Village.[9]

Barra cluster

Deodoro cluster

Maracanã cluster

Copacabana cluster

Financing

The budget of the 2016 Summer Paralympics has faced several rounds of cuts, although the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee has not provided specific details on the deficits.[10][11]

In mid-August 2016, it was reported that the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee had failed to timely deliver US$8 million in travel grants that were intended to be paid out at the end of July. Without these grants, National Paralympic Committees may have had to cover a larger share of the cost of transporting their athletes to the Games, while some (particularly those in African and Asian regions) might not have been able to afford sending their athletes to Rio at all.[12] On 15 August 2016, a spokesperson for the organizing committee credited the financial issues to the political climate making it harder to reach sponsorship deals, as well as ticket sales being below expectations. However, the spokesperson noted that the ongoing Olympics were helping to attract interest from potential sponsors. The ROC stated that it planned to deliver the money by the end of the month and that there was "no intention" to "compromise the Paralympic experience". Mayor of Rio Eduardo Paes offered to provide US$47 million in funding to the Games to address these shortcomings, but a federal court blocked the further provision of public funding to the ROC pending the inspection of its financial records.[11]

IPC president Philip Craven stated that "although the situation is pretty precarious, rumours that the Games may not go ahead or that sports may be cut are totally unfounded and not true. Our aim right now is to bring in additional funding and resources in order to deliver the Games at the service levels expected by all stakeholders, most importantly the athletes", and "if no more funding is available then the Organising Committee's additional cuts will start to impact on the services offered to the athletes who have dedicated years of their lives to reach and compete at these Games. This is the last thing that we want to do."[13] On 19 August 2016, the IPC issued a report detailing the extent of the budget cuts and their effects on the Games; there will be reductions in transport services and the number of media centres for the Paralympics. Additionally, the wheelchair fencing events were moved from Youth Arena to Carioca Arena 3, and Deodoro Olympic Park was "closed and dismantled" so that the remaining venues in the cluster can act as "three standalone venues with dedicated transport hubs."[14] Public parties related to the Games were also cancelled.[15] Some public parties and gatherings related to the Games were also cancelled.[12]

Of these changes, Craven stated that "it's in our Paralympic DNA to see obstacles as an opportunity to do things differently and that's what we are doing here. We are problem solvers by nature and fight for what we believe in", and iterated that he was "fully confident Rio 2016 will be the best Games ever in terms of athletic performance."[16][17] Craven explained that "We want full participation here. We want all eligible countries to send their athletes to the Games. It's what the athletes deserve, and it is what the athletes want after years of training and dedication."[16] The injunction was lifted on 18 August 2016, resulting in Paes offering R$150 million in public money to fund the Games. R$100 million worth of sponsorship deals were also reached with the federal government via state-run enterprises.[14][16] The funding was eventually delivered, ensuring that all 165 delegations would be able to attend the Games.[18]

Ticketing

The financial shortcomings of the 2016 Paralympics have been primarily attributed to slow ticket sales, despite the cheapest tickets only costing roughly a quarter of those for the Olympics.[15] In mid-August 2016, organizers stated that only 12% of an original target of 3.3 million tickets had been sold.[19] By early-September, only half of the tickets to medal events had been sold.[15]

On 23 August 2016, Greg Nugent, who was head of marketing of the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, began a campaign on Twitter known as "#FillTheSeats", encouraging users to donate money to supply local youth and people with disabilities with tickets to the Paralympics. Nugent began the campaign after noticing the large number of empty seats at competition venues during the 2016 Summer Olympics. After the campaign was advertised by Coldplay (which performed the closing ceremony in 2012), the campaign raised over US$15,000 as of 30 August. On 31 August 2016, the IPC and the Rio 2016 Organizing Committee announced that it would officially back the #FillTheSeats campaign, and set a new goal of $300,000—which the IPC said could be used to fund the distribution of 10,000 tickets, along with food and transport, for the opening ceremony to Brazilian youth and disabled peoples.[20]

As part of a revised ticketing strategy, the number of tickets were cut to 2.2 million, with the cheapest tickets costing R$10 each.[18] Ticketing director Donovan Ferreti told The Guardian that a "last-minute" demand for tickets had begun to develop in the final days before the opening ceremony. Of the tickets, he explained that "[they're] really affordable – cheaper than going to see a movie. We are telling people they can have a great time with high-performance competition and have a great day out in the Olympic Park."[15]

Torch relay

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics torch relay

The Paralympic torch relay will begin with five individual flames being relayed to a city in each of the five regions of Brazil. These flames, as well as a sixth flame lit in Stoke Mandeville, Great Britain, will be united to form a single Paralympic flame, which will be relayed through Rio on 6 and 7 September 2016 en route to its lighting at the Maracanã during the opening ceremony.[21]

Marketing

Emblem

Commemorative coins honouring the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics.

The official emblem for the 2016 Summer Paralympics was designed by the Brazilian agency Tatíl Design, and unveiled on 26 November 2011 during the Christmas tree lighting at the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas.[22][23][24]

The emblem incorporates a heart and the infinity symbol, representing a beating heart and the idea of an "infinite energy to overcome obstacles".[22] IPC president Phillip Craven explained that in his opinion, the emblem symbolized the "heart" of athletes, who were also the "heart" of the Paralympic movement.[24] As with the Olympic emblem, the Paralympic emblem was designed so that it could also be rendered in two- and three-dimensional versions,[25] such as a sculpture that was used during the unveiling.[22]

Mascot

Main article: Vinicius and Tom
File:Vinicius and Tom.png
Tom (right), the mascot of the 2016 Summer Paralympics, and Vinicius (left), the mascot of the 2016 Summer Olympics

The official mascots of the 2016 Summer Paralympics and Olympics were unveiled on 24 November 2014, with their respective names, Tom and Vinicius, chosen via a public vote whose results were announced on 14 December 2015. Named after Brazilian musician Tom Jobim, the Paralympic mascot represents Brazilian flora and "is always growing and overcoming obstacles." The mascots' fictional backstories state that they were both born from the joy of Brazilians after it was announced that Rio would host the Games. Brand director Beth Lula stated that the mascots are intended to reflect the diversity of Brazil's culture and people.[26][27][28]

The Games

Opening ceremony

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Paralympics took place on the evening of 7 September 2016 at the Maracanã Stadium.

Participating nations

In total, 159 National Paralympic Committees are participating at the 2016 Games, with a total of 4,342 athletes taking part.[29] The number of athletes being sent for each nation is shown beside each nation.

Participating National Paralympic Committees

The IPC unanimously voted to ban Russian athletes from the 2016 Summer Paralympics in response to the discovery of a state-sponsored doping program .[57][58] On 5 August 2016, the IPC announced that it would field a team of refugee athletes under the title of Independent Paralympic Athletes, who will compete under the Paralympic flag. The 2016 Summer Olympics similarly featured a team of 10 refugee athletes.[47] On 26 August 2016, the IPC announced the two members of the refugee team: swimmer Ibrahim Al Hussein of Syria (50 and 100 metre Freestyle S10), and Shahrad Nasajpour of Iran (F37 Discus).[47][59]

Sports

Events in 22 sports are scheduled to be contested at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Two new sports will also be added to the Paralympics in Rio; canoeing and the triathlon.[60]

Calendar

See also: Chronological summary of the 2016 Summer Paralympics

All dates are Brasília Time (UTC–3)

OC Opening ceremony ● Event competitions 1 Gold medal events CC Closing ceremony
September 7
Wed 		8
Thu 		9
Fri 		10
Sat 		11
Sun 		12
Mon 		13
Tue 		14
Wed 		15
Thu 		16
Fri 		17
Sat 		18
Sun 		Events
Ceremonies OC CC —
Archery ● 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 9
Athletics 10 20 16 19 14 19 14 19 16 25 5 177
Boccia ● ● 3 ● ● ● 4 7
Paracanoe ● 6 6
Cycling Road 8 8 8 9 50
Track 4 5 5 3
Equestrian (dressage) ● ● 1 2 2 6 11
Football 5-a-side ● ● ● ● 1 2
7-a-side ● ● ● ● 1
Goalball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 2 2
Judo 4 4 5 13
Powerlifting 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 20
Rowing ● ● 4 4
Sailing ● ● ● ● ● 3 3
Shooting 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 12
Sitting volleyball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Swimming 16 16 14 15 16 15 15 14 16 15 152
Table tennis ● ● ● 5 8 8 ● ● 4 4 29
Paratriathlon 3 3 6
Wheelchair basketball ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 1 1 2
Wheelchair fencing 2 4 4 2 2 14
Wheelchair rugby ● ● ● ● 1 1
Wheelchair tennis ● ● ● ● 1 1 2 2 6
Daily medal events 0 38 50 48 54 48 54 50 54 65 61 6 528
Cumulative total 0 38 88 136 190 238 292 342 396 461 522 528
September 7
Wed 		8
Thu 		9
Fri 		10
Sat 		11
Sun 		12
Mon 		13
Tue 		14
Wed 		15
Thu 		16
Fri 		17
Sat 		18
Sun 		Events

Medal table

Main article: 2016 Summer Paralympics medal table

  *   Host nation (Brazil)

2016 Summer Paralympics medal table
RankNPCGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 China (CHN)1078151239
2 Great Britain (GBR)643944147
3 Ukraine (UKR)413739117
4 United States (USA)404431115
5 Australia (AUS)22302981
6 Germany (GER)18251457
7 Netherlands (NED)17192662
8 Brazil (BRA)*14292972
9 Italy (ITA)10141539
10 Poland (POL)9181239
11–83Remaining187193249629
Totals (83 entries)5295295391,597

* Host nation (Brazil) (See the complete medals table at 2016 Summer Paralympics medal table.)

Records

See also: World and Paralympic records set at the 2016 Summer Paralympics

Athletics

Event Date Round Name Nationality Time /Distance Record
Men's 100m - T43 7 September Heats Jonnie Peacock  Great Britain 10.81 PR-ER
Men's 100m - T44 7 September Heats Liam Malonne  New Zealand =10.90 PR-OR
Women's 100m - T12 7 September Heats Omara Durand  Cuba 11.58 PR-AM
Women's 100m - T37 7 September Heats Georgina Hermitage  Great Britain 13.39 WR -PR-ER
Women's 100m - T38 7 September Heats Sophie Hahn  Great Britain 12.62 PR-ER
Women's 100m - T53 7 September Heats Lisha Huang  China 16.19 WR -PR-AR
Men's Discus - F37 7 September Final Khusniddin Norbekov  Uzbekistan 59.75 m WR -PR-AR
Men's Shot Put - T12 7 September Final Athanasios Konstantinidis  Greece 10.39 m WR -PR-ER
Women's Shot Put -F56 7 September Final Nadia Medjmedj  Algeria 9.92 m WR -PR-AR

Cycling Track

Event Date Round Name Nationality Time Record
Men's B 4000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Qualification Steve Bate  Great Britain 4:08.146 WR -PR-AR
Women's C2 3000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Qualification Alyda Norbruis  Netherlands 4:12.030 PR-ER
Women's C3 3000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Qualification Megan Giglia  Great Britain 4.03.544 WR -PR-ER
Women's C4 3000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Qualification Shawn Morelli  United States 3.57.741 PR-AM
Women's C4 3000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Qualification Sarah Storey  Great Britain 3.31.394 PR-ER
Women's C2 3000m Individual Pursuit 7 September Final Alyda Norbruis  Netherlands 4:10.654 PR-ER

Powerlifting

Event Date Round Name Nationality Kg Record
Men's -49 kg 7 September Final Cong Levan  Vietnam 181 WR -PR-AR
Women's 41 Kg 7 September Final Nazmiye Muratlı  Turkey 104 WR -PR-ER

Shooting

Event Date Round Name Nationality Points Record
Men's 10m Air Rifle 7 September Qualification Jim Ho Park  South Korea 625.3 PR-AR
Women's 10m Air Rifle Standing SH1 7 September Qualification Cuiping Zhang  China 413.4 PR-AR
Men's 10m Air Rifle 7 September Final Chao Dong  China 205.8 FPR-AR
Women's 10m Air Rifle Standing SH1 7 September Final Veronika Vadovičová  Slovakia 207.8 FPR -ER

Swimming

Event Date Round Name Nationality Time Record
Women's 100 m Backtstroke S7 7 September Heats Ke Liting  China 1.22.72 PR-AR
Women's 100 m Backtstroke S14 7 September Heats Bethany Firth  Great Britain 1.04.53 WR PR-ER
Men's 100 m Breaststroke S6 7 September Heats Jia Hongguang  China 1.12.27 WR - PR -AR
Women's 100 m Breaststroke S6 7 September Heats Lingling Song  China 1.24.66 WR -PR-AR
Women's 100 m Breaststroke S9 7 September Heats Lisa Kruger  Netherlands 1.15.47 WR -PR-ER
Women's 100 m Buttefly S13 7 September Heats Amilova Fotimakhon  Uzbekistan 1.04.72 WR -PR-AR
Men's 100m Backstroke S6 7 September Final Tao Zheng  China 1.10.84 WR -PR-AR
Men's 100m Backstroke S14 7 September Final Kook Lee In  South Korea 59.82 PR-AR
Women's 100 m Backtstroke S14 7 September Final Bethany Firth  Great Britain 1.04.05 WR PR-ER
Men's 100m Breaststroke SB9 7 September Final Furong Lin
Rick Pendlton
James Leroux		  China
 Australia
 Canada		 1.04.72
1.08.27
1.10.03		 AR
OR
AM
Women's 100 m Breaststroke S6 7 September Final Lingling Song  China 1.21.43 WR -PR-AR
Men's 100 m Buttefly S13 7 September Final Ihar Boki
Kirill Pankov		  Belarus
 Uzbekistan		 53.85
 WR -PR-ER
AR
Women's 100 m Buttefly S13 7 September Final Rebeca Meyers  United States 1.03.25 WR -PR-AM
Women's 100 m Freestyle S3 7 September Final Zulfiya Gabidulina
Olg Sviderska
Patrica Valle		  Kazakhstan
 Ukraine
 Mexico		 1.30.07
1.34.86
1.57.86		 WR -PR-AR
ER
AM
Men's 200m Freestyle - S5 7 September Final Cameron Leslie  New Zealand 2.52.10 OR
Women's 200m Freestyle - S5 7 September Final Li Zhang  China 2.52.10 AR
Men's 400m Freestyle - S8 7 September Final Oliver Hynd  Great Britain 4.21.89 WR -PR-ER
Women's 400m Freestyle - S8 7 September Final Lakeisha Patterson  Australia 4.40.33 WR-PR-OR

Broadcasting

On 24 August 2016, the IPC announced that Dailymotion would serve as the official online streaming partner for the 2016 Summer Paralympics, offering 15 English-language streaming channels with full broadcasts of athletics, cycling, football, judo, powerlifting, sitting volleyball, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis events, as well as the ceremonies, highlights from all events, news programmes, and other original content. In total, the IPC stated that around 680 hours of content will be streamed over the 11-day event, with at least 72 hours per-day.[61]

Television rights were also sold to individual countries: Grupo Globo acquired rights in Brazil, with coverage to be shown on Rede Globo and SporTV. Globo also sublicensed free TV rights to the EBC-owned network TV Brasil,[citation needed] which in turn will also broadcast along with regional state-owned TV networks.[62]

In the United Kingdom, Channel 4 will broadcast the event, promising 500 hours of coverage as a follow-up of its debut as rightsholder in London.[63][64] As a follow-up to its "Meet the Superhumans" trailer for the 2012 Paralympics, Channel 4 produced "We're the Superhumans", which was viewed at least 23 million times online within four days of its original broadcast.[65]

In Australia, Seven Network will hold broadcast rights to these Paralympics, complimenting a new long-term rights deal for the Olympics. Seven plans to broadcast 14 hours per-day of coverage on television. Coverage will primarily be broadcast by its digital channel 7Two and streamed through Seven's existing apps/streaming services, as well as a Paralympics-specific app.[66][67][68]

In Canada, CBC, Sportsnet One and AMI-tv hold broadcast rights, promoting 1000 hours of coverage in total. CBC Television will air the ceremonies, a nightly recap, and afternoon and evening coverage on weekends.[69]

In Latin America (except Brazil), Claro Sports, ESPN and Fox Sports has the rights broadcast the 2016 Summer Paralympics.[citation needed]

Following criticism of its minimal coverage of past Paralympics (in London, it broadcast only five-and-a-half hours of highlights), NBC acquired the rights to the 2014 and 2016 Paralympics in September 2013. NBC has planned more extensive coverage for both games, initially announcing that NBC and NBCSN would carry at least 66 hours of coverage from Rio.[70]

In Sweden, state broadcaster SVT will broadcast the Games, planning 300 hours of coverage on television and digital platforms, as well as a nightly highlights show.[71][72]

in Poland state broadcaster TVP will broadcast the games for the first time in Polish Television history. 330 hours of coverage on television.

South African-based satellite television sports broadcaster SuperSport is the official broadcaster for most of Sub-Saharan Africa.[73][74] They have dedicated two channels to these Games.[75]

Concerns and controversies

  • Rio 2016 Organizing Committee head Carlos Arthur Nuzman, was booed by fans in attendance after he thanked local governments for their contributions to the Games in his speech during the opening ceremony of the games. 

See also

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2016 Summer Paralympics.
Preceded by Summer Paralympic Games
Rio de Janeiro
XV Paralympiad (2016) 		Succeeded by
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