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2023 Paraguayan general election

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2023 Paraguayan general election
← 2018 30 April 2023 (2023-04-30) 2028 →
Presidential election
Turnout63.23% (Increase 1.98pp)
Votes counted
99.94%
as of 01:53:57 PYT
  File:Efraín2022 (cropped).jpg
Candidate Santiago Peña Efraín Alegre Paraguayo Cubas
Party Colorado PLRA PCN
Alliance Concertación
Running mate Pedro Alliana Soledad Núñez Stilber Valdez
Popular vote 1,292,079 830,842 692,663
Percentage 43.94% 28.25% 23.55%
President before election

Mario Abdo Benítez
Colorado

Elected President

Santiago Peña
Colorado

Parliamentary election
Party Leader % Seats +/–
Chamber of Deputies (41 seats for a majority)
Colorado Santiago Peña 43.95 49 +7
PLRA Efraín Alegre 15 −2
Concertación Efraín Alegre 6 New
PCN Paraguayo Cubas 8.25 4 +3
PEN Fernando Camacho 2.94 2 0
I Believe 2.35 2 New
PPQ Sebastián Villarejo 3.56 1 −2
Alliance for Asunción 1 New
Senate (23 seats needed for a majority)
Colorado Santiago Peña 45.72 23 +6
Concertación Efraín Alegre 24.35 12 New
PCN Paraguayo Cubas 11.51 5 +4
PEN Fernando Camacho 5.15 2 0
PPQ Sebastián Villarejo 2.51 1 −2
Guasú Front Fernando Lugo 2.11 1 −5
I Believe 1.96 1 New
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Politics of Paraguay
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General elections were held in Paraguay on 30 April 2023 to elect the president, vice president, National Congress, and departmental governors.[1] The incumbent president Mario Abdo Benítez and vice president Hugo Velázquez Moreno, both of the Colorado Party, were ineligible for re-election.

The Colorado candidate, former Finance Minister Santiago Peña, defeated both PLRA president Efraín Alegre from the Concertación alliance and former senator Paraguayo Cubas from the populist National Crusade Party. The election marked another victory for the long-dominant Colorado Party, which also won the majority of congressional and governor races.[2] Both Peña and the vice president-elect Pedro Alliana will take office on August 15, 2023.

Electoral system

The president of Paraguay is elected in one round of voting by plurality.[3] The 80 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by closed list proportional representation in 18 multi-member constituencies, based on the departments.[4] The 45 members of the Senate are elected from a single national constituency using closed list proportional representation.[5]

Candidates

Candidates in the 2023 Paraguayan general election
List Ticket Candidates
President Vice President
1 ANR – Colorado Party Santiago Peña[6] Pedro Alliana
3 Concertación for a New Paraguay Efraín Alegre[7] Soledad Núñez[8]
7 National Union of Ethical Citizens Jorge Humberto Gómez Noelia Núñez
10 New Republic Movement Euclides Acevedo [es][9] Jorge Querey
14 Humanist and Solidary Movement Juan Félix Romero Catalina Ramírez
15 Unámonos National Party Luis Talavera Celso Álvarez
21 Party of the Youth José Luis Chilavert[10] Sofia Scheid
23 Green Party Paraguay Óscar Cañete Luis Wilfrido Arce
30 National Party of the People 30A Prudencio Burgos Leona Guaraní
33 Citizen Patriotic Coordinator Movement Alfredo Machuca Justina Noguera
45 Herederos Democratic Socialist Party Rosa Bogarín Herminio Lesme
777 Únete Paraguay Aurelio Martínez Cabral David Sánchez N.
911 National Crusade Paraguayo Cubas Stilber Valdez
Source: TREP

Campaign

The campaign issues included Paraguay's relationship with Taiwan, allegations of corruption, and the state of the economy.[2] Santiago Peña was supportive of maintaining ties with Taiwan, whereas Efraín Alegre criticized the country's ties to Taiwan and argued for opening up relations with China.[2]

Peña previously ran in the 2017 Colorado presidential primaries but had lost to Mario Abdo Benítez, who went on to win the 2018 presidential election against Alegre.[11] Peña was an economist at Paraguay's central bank before joining the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C. He was described by Al Jazeera as "clean-cut", "decent", and has "good ideas".[11] Peña is a protégé of former president Horacio Cartes, who has been sanctioned by the United States due to being "significantly corrupt".[12][13] Peña pledged to pursue "business friendly" policies, including a focus on job creation, low taxation, and attracting foreign investment into the country.[11] Peña stated he would preserve relations with Taiwan and would move the country's embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem,[11] a move previously made by Cartes in 2018, but reversed by Abdo Benítez later that year.[14]

Alegre previously ran for president in the 2013 and 2018 general elections. He campaigned by criticizing the Colorado Party and accusing them of corruption.[15] Alegre pledged to reassess the country's relationship with Taiwan, with a preference towards establishing diplomatic ties with China, with the goal of Paraguay gaining access to China's market for cattle and soy.[15] Alegre pledged to cut public sector red tape and proposed a "new energy policy" with a focus on the Itaipu Dam and Yacyretá Dams (shared with Brazil and Argentina respectively), stating that Paraguay should utilize the energy generated for national development, rather than sell the power.[15]

Populist, anti-establishment candidate Paraguayo "Payo" Cubas is a former senator,[16] who described himself as a "romantic, republican and nationalist anarchist".[16] Cubas was expelled from the Senate on 28 November 2019 following an incident in Alto Paraná Department that included the assault of police officers, damage to public property and calling for the killing of "100,000 brasiguayos", Paraguayans of Brazilian descent, leading to his impeachment from the senate.[17][18][19] He campaigned to introduce the death penalty in specific cases, such as femicide, child rape, drug trafficking, parricide, murder in cases of robbery, and stealing from the Treasury, which would require a modification to Paraguay's constitution.[20] Cubas proposed involving the Armed Forces of Paraguay in the government, and expanding the powers of the president over those of the parliament, describing the latter as a "den of thugs".[21] Cubas has been likened by Leandro Lima of Control Risks to other right-wing populist figures from the Americas, including Donald Trump, Jair Bolsonaro, and Javier Milei.[16][22]

Opinion polls

Opinion polling in the 2023 Paraguayan general election
Polling Firm Publishment Date Santiago Peña
ANR–PC 		Efraín Alegre
PLRA 		Euclides Acevedo
MNR 		José Luis Chilavert
PJ 		Paraguayo Cubas
PCN 		Others Don't know None
Globe Elections UN[23] 29 April 2023 37.73% 37.59% 4.75% 0.73% 19.19% 0.01%
AtlasIntel[24] 25 April 2023 32.8% 34.3% 3.0% 1.2% 23.0% 1.4% 1.9% 2.4%
Datos[25] 10 April 2023 35.5% 40.6% 1.9% 12.6% 0.9% 8.5%
AtlasIntel[26] 5 April 2023 36.4% 38.1% 2.8% 2.1% 14.5% 1.1% 3.5% 1.5%
AtlasIntel[27] 15 March 2023 36.1% 38.2% 2.7% 2.9% 14.3% 0.9% 4.2% 0.8%
FaSaC Consultores[28] 10 March 2023 42.8% 32.1% 6.1% 2.1% 13.7% 1.7% 1.5%
GEO[29] 27 February 2023 35.3% 39.7% 5.8% 0.7% 10.3% 8.2%
Datos[30] 24 February 2023 30.5% 33.6% 3.3% 10.4% 0.9% 20.1% 1.2%
FaSaC Consultores[31] 20 February 2023 41.3% 28.3% 9.5% 3.5% 13.9% 2% 1.5%
GEO[32] 20 February 2023 35.2% 38.9% 6.0% 0.8% 10.4% 9% 8.7%
Ati Snead[33] 6 February 2023 46.2% 24.9% 6.5% 1.2% 4.2% 9% 8%
OIMA[34] 2 February 2023 42% 19% 7% 4% 12% 10% 6%

Pre-election polling

Pre-election polling in the 2023 Paraguayan general election
Polling Firm Fieldwork date Peña
ANR–PC 		Velázquez
ANR–PC 		Alegre
PLRA 		Acevedo
TBA 		González
PEN 		Villarejo
PPQ 		Cubas
PCN 		Martínez
FG-Ñ 		Núñez
Ind 		Burt
PLRA 		Chilavert
Ind 		Fleitas
PLRA 		Don't know/
No response 		None of
the above
FaSaC Consultores 20 September 2022 32.2% — 22.1% 4.5% — 11.8% — 3.9% — 16.1% 9.4%
Ati Snead 8–15 June 2022 23.2% 14.0% 14.3% 9.9% 9.7% 4.3% 2.9% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.1% 1.0% 9.0% 4.8%
GEO 27 May – 10 June 2022 35.3% — 37.5% — 13.4% 13.8%
— 28.2% 37.1% 18.5% 16.3%

Results

President

The presidential election was won by Santiago Peña of the Colorado Party.[35][36]

CandidateRunning matePartyVotes%
Santiago PeñaPedro AllianaANR – Colorado Party1,292,07943.94
Efraín AlegreSoledad NúñezNational Coalition for a New Paraguay830,84228.25
Paraguayo CubasStilber ValdezNational Crusade Party692,66323.55
Euclides Acevedo [es]Jorge QuereyNew Republic Movement41,1941.40
José Luis ChilavertSofia ScheidParty of the Youth24,2840.83
Luis TalaveraCelso ÁlvarezUnámonos National Party17,3460.59
Jorge Humberto GómezNoelia NúñezNational Union of Ethical Citizens12,0720.41
Juan Félix RomeroCatalina RamírezHumanist and Solidarity Movement5,8710.20
Rosa BogarínHerminio LesmeHerederos Democratic Socialist Party5,2740.18
Prudencio BurgosLeona GuaraníNational Party of the People 30A5,2620.18
Alfredo MachucaJustina NogueraCitizen Patriotic Coordinator Movement5,2120.18
Óscar CañeteLuis Wilfrido ArceGreen Party Paraguay4,8550.17
Aurelio Martínez CabralDavid SánchezÚnete Paraguay3,8970.13
Total2,940,851100.00
Valid votes2,940,85197.30
Invalid votes13,2400.44
Blank votes68,2422.26
Total votes3,022,333100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,782,94063.19
Source: TREP (99.94% counted)

Senate

The following table shows the distribution of seats in the Senate.[37] The status of at least one seat remains in doubt, however, as Rafael "Mbururú" Esquivel, elected for the National Crusade Party, was arrested and charged with child sexual abuse just before the elections.[38][39]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
ANR – Colorado Party1,317,46345.7223+6
Alliance of Senators for the Fatherland701,54724.3512New
National Crusade Party331,65711.515+4
National Encounter Party148,3445.152+2
Beloved Fatherland Party72,3732.511–2
Guasú Front60,7142.111–5
I Believe56,4461.961New
New Republic Movement44,7551.550New
National Union of Ethical Citizens30,3851.050–1
National Patriotic Alliance Union24,4020.850New
Unámonos National Party16,6590.580New
Party of the Youth15,6430.540New
Liberty and Republic Party14,4830.500New
Humanist and Solidarity Movement12,6160.440New
National Party of the People 30A12,2550.430New
Dreamt Fatherland Party7,6300.260New
Citizen Patriotic Coordinator Movement7,5940.260New
Herederos Democratic Socialist Party6,6560.230New
Total2,881,622100.00450
Valid votes2,881,62295.56
Invalid votes13,1930.44
Blank votes120,6374.00
Total votes3,015,452100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,782,94063.05
Source: TREP (99.67% counted)

Chamber of Deputies

The following table shows the distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.[40]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
ANR – Colorado Party1,245,36643.9549+7
National Coalition for a New Paraguay875,32130.8921New
National Crusade Party233,8708.254+3
Beloved Fatherland Party100,9943.561–2
National Encounter Party83,1862.942–
I Believe66,4812.352New
National Union of Ethical Citizens38,8021.370–
Guasú Front33,2421.170–
New Republic Movement27,4520.970New
Party of the Youth22,7370.800New
Alliance for a New Itapúa15,3880.540New
Unámonos National Party14,9970.530New
National Party of the People 30A14,1690.500New
Citizen Patriotic Coordinator Movement12,3360.440New
Liberty and Republic Party10,2280.360New
National Patriotic Alliance Union8,5050.300New
Dreamt Fatherland Party6,9310.240New
Herederos Democratic Socialist Party6,2840.220New
Humanist and Solidarity Movement4,5240.160New
President Hayes Alliance for the Fatherland4,1720.150New
Únete Paraguay2,7860.100New
Northern Popular Unity2,5850.090New
New Air Political Movement for Alto Parana1,4060.050New
Tekojoja People's Movement8400.030–
Green Party Paraguay6810.020–
Total2,833,283100.00790
Valid votes2,833,28394.23
Invalid votes13,1360.44
Blank votes160,2855.33
Total votes3,006,704100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,782,94062.86
Source: TREP (~99.27% counted)

Departmental governors

Department Elected governor Party Votes % Margin Result
Alto Paraguay Arturo Méndez Colorado 7,103 73.14 54.79 Hold
Alto Paraná César Torres Colorado 131,233 40.17 9.91 Hold
Amambay Juancho Acosta Colorado 34,268 47.02 4.41 Gain
Boquerón Harold Bergen Colorado 10,603 38.96 10.73 Hold
Caaguazú Marcelo Soto Colorado 113,106 51.77 18.54 Gain
Caazapá Christian Acosta Colorado 45,690 62.44 35.74 Hold
Canindeyú Nelson Martínez Colorado 46,094 57.65 32.15 Hold
Central Ricardo Estigarribia National Coalition 342,716 39.90 2.44 Gain
Concepción Liz Meza Colorado 44,298 45.47 0.03 Gain
Cordillera Denis Lichi Colorado 71.712 46.08 3.62 Gain
Guairá Cesarito Sosa Colorado 64,521 62.82 37.58 Hold
Itapúa Javier Pereira National Coalition 101,273 44.86 5.37 Gain
Misiones Richard Ramírez Colorado 40,316 58.61 24.35 Hold
Ñeembucú Víctor Hugo Forneron Colorado 27,030 56.07 21.71 Hold
Paraguarí Norma Zárate de Monges Colorado 71,868 59.39 32.96 Hold
Presidente Hayes Bernardo Zárate Colorado 29,528 57.75 30.30 Hold
San Pedro Freddy D. Ecclesiis Colorado 83,852 51.54 18.36 Hold
TREP

Aftermath

Peña was congratulated by outgoing president Mario Abdo Benítez, and presidents Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Alberto Fernández of Brazil and Argentina respectively.[2] Peña also received congratulations from the Taiwanese ambassador in Asunción on behalf of Taiwanese president Tsai Ing-wen.[2] Pena will be sworn in on August 15, 2023. At the age of 44, he will become the country's youngest president since the restoration of democracy in 1989, surpassing Abdo Benítez's record, who was 46 years old when he became president in 2018.[13]

Cubas made allegations of electoral fraud, leading to protests by his supporters.[22] He dubbed members of the Colorado Party "thieves" and called on citizens to resist the "usurpers".[13] Election observers from the Organization of American States stated there was "no reason to doubt" the results of the election.[22][13] Protesters set up roadblocks and clashed with police, resulting in 70 arrests following protests outside of the electoral court in Asunción.[22][13] Alegre, who had conceded the election, called for a manual recount of votes and an international audit following the nationwide protests.[22][13]

References

  1. ^ "El 30 de abril de 2023 Paraguay elegirá a su nuevo presidente". ultimahora.com (in European Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e Elliott, Lucinda; Desantis, Daniela (1 May 2023). "Paraguay's conservatives score big election win, defusing Taiwan fears". Reuters. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  3. ^ Paraguay: Election for President IFES
  4. ^ Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system IPU
  5. ^ Senate: Electoral system IPU
  6. ^ "La Nación / Santiago Peña confirma su precandidatura para el 2023 como candidato de Honor Colorado". www.lanacion.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  7. ^ "Excandidato y exministra buscan candidatura opositora a Presidencia paraguaya". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  8. ^ "Exministra Soledad Núñez oficializa su candidatura presidencial – Nacionales – ABC Color". www.abc.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  9. ^ "Euclides deja la Cancillería y se suma a la carrera presidencial". ultimahora.com (in European Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  10. ^ "La Nación / Chilavert confirma candidatura a presidencia en el 2023". www.lanacion.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d "Who is Paraguay's president-elect, Santiago Pena?". Al Jazeera. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  12. ^ "US places former Paraguayan president on corruption list". Associated Press. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Amid protests, authorities uphold legitimacy of Paraguay election". Al Jazeera. 3 May 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Outcry from Israel after Paraguay moves its Jerusalem embassy back to Tel Aviv". The Guardian. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  15. ^ a b c Desantis, Daniela; Elliott, Lucinda (26 April 2023). "Paraguay's Efrain Alegre went from jail to presidential run". Reuters. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  16. ^ a b c del Berro, Paloma (30 April 2023). "Payo, el Milei paraguayo, aprendiz de Bolsonaro". Tiempo Argentino (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  17. ^ "Expulsan a "Payo" Cubas del Senado" ["Payo" Cubas is expelled from the Senate]. ABC Color (in Spanish). 28 November 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  18. ^ "Senado expulsa a Paraguayo Cubas tras incidentes con policías" [Senate expels Paraguayo Cubas after incidents with police]. Última Hora (in Spanish). 28 November 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  19. ^ Zanini, Fábio (29 November 2019). "Paraguayan Senator Is Impeached after Advocating Death of Brazilians". Folha de S.Paulo. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Payo Cubas a favor de la pena de muerte "al que roba el erario público"". Ñanduti (in Spanish). 20 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  21. ^ "Payo Cubas a favor de la pena de muerte "al que roba el erario público"". Ñanduti (in Spanish). 20 April 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d e Sáenz, Jorge; Politi, Daniel (2 May 2023). "Paraguay: Populist candidate fires up protesters after vote". Toronto Star. The Associated Press. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  23. ^ "Paraguay Elecciones Presidenciales Pronóstico 2023 EXCEL PEÑA VS ALEGRE VS CUBAS DATOS EXCLUSIVOS". YouTube. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  24. ^ AtlasIntel (25 April 2023). "Encuesta Atlas – Elecciones Paraguay 2023". Paraguay.
  25. ^ Datos (10 April 2023). "Paraguay: el opositor Efraín estira la ventaja sobre los colorados a dos semanas de las presidenciales". Paraguay.
  26. ^ AtlasIntel (5 April 2023). "Encuesta Atlas – Elecciones Paraguay 2023". Paraguay.
  27. ^ AtlasIntel (15 March 2023). "Encuesta Atlas – Elecciones Paraguay 2023". Paraguay.
  28. ^ La Nación (10 March 2023). "Santiago Peña gana la primera encuesta de marzo". Paraguay.
  29. ^ El Independiente (27 February 2023). "Alegre saca ventaja a Peña en encuesta". Paraguay.
  30. ^ "Encuesta: la izquierda paraguaya se ubica tres puntos arriba del candidato de Cartes". La Política Online (in Spanish). Paraguay. 24 February 2023.
  31. ^ "Peña también gana en todas las encuestas de febrero". La Nación (in Spanish). 20 February 2023.
  32. ^ "Hay una diferencia del 3.7% a favor de Efraín Alegre por sobre Santi Peña segun encuestadora GEO". Ñanduti (in Spanish). 20 February 2023.
  33. ^ "Latorre lidera encuesta para la diputación por capital". La Nación (in Spanish). 6 February 2023.
  34. ^ "Peña, con más de 20 puntos por encima de Alegre, lidera preferencia electoral". La Nación (in Spanish). 2 February 2023.
  35. ^ Elliott, Lucinda; Desantis, Daniela (1 May 2023). "Paraguay's conservatives score big election win, defusing Taiwan fears". Reuters. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  36. ^ "Santiago Pena wins Paraguay election after hard-fought campaign". Al Jazeera. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  37. ^ "Estos son los 45 senadores electos para el periodo legislativa 2023–2028" (in Spanish). 30 April 2023.
  38. ^ "Mbururú se expone a 15 años de cárcel por abuso en niños: ¿Qué pasará con el senador electo?". Última Hora (in Spanish). 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  39. ^ "Un candidato paraguayo que fue electo senador está preso e imputado por abuso sexual a una menor". Infobae. 1 May 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  40. ^ "El Partido Colorado tendrá 49 representantes en Cámara de Diputados" (in Spanish).
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