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2024 South Korean legislative election

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2024 South Korean legislative election
South Korea
← 2020 10 April 2024
All 300 seats in the National Assembly
151 seats needed for a majority
Turnout66.99% (Increase0.78pp)
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
Democratic[a] Lee Jae-myung 26.69 175 +19
People Power[b] Han Dong-hoon 36.67 108 −6
Rebuilding Korea Cho Kuk 24.25 12 +11
New Reform Lee Jun-seok 3.61 3 −1
New Future Lee Nak-yon 1.70 1 −2
Progressive Yoon Hee-suk - 1 0
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Speaker before
Kim Jin-pyo
Democratic

Legislative elections were held in South Korea on 10 April 2024 to elect all 300 members of the National Assembly.[1][2]

Electoral system

See also: Elections in South Korea and Legislative elections in South Korea

The National Assembly's 300 seats are elected by the following methods:[3][4]

The minimum voting age is set at 18.

Campaign

The election was held amid several political and socioeconomic issues in South Korea such as corruption, with President Yoon Suk-yeol of the People Power Party facing criticism over the handling of issues involving his wife and a former minister, and party leaders such as the Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung, and Rebuilding Korea Party's Cho Kuk facing trials for bribery and forgery respectively,[5] as well as rising inflation and the ongoing doctors' strike.[6] One major talking point was an incident on 18 March when President Yoon visited a grocery store in Seoul to check consumer prices and describing the 875-won ($0.65) price of a green onion he found as reasonable, only to emerge that the onions were being sold at a discount and that the true price of onions was three to four times higher. The incident led to opposition candidates bringing out green onions at campaign rallies and the hashtag #greenonions875won becoming a trending topic on social media throughout the election. In response, the National Election Commission banned voters from bringing green onions to polling stations, citing concerns over "election interference". This was in turn, widely ridiculed and led to an increase in demand for green onion-themed merchandise.[7]

On 27 October 2023 the Justice Party and Green Party announced their intention to form an electoral alliance and invited other left-wing parties to participate.[8] This move was heavily criticized by Justice Party deputies Jang Hye-young and Ryu Ho-jeong, as well as former Justice Party Youth Committee Chair Kim Chang-in; all three believe that the Justice Party should form electoral alliances not by ideology, but with any "third zone" party opposed to the Democratic and People Power parties.[9]

On 2 January 2024 Lee Jae-myung was stabbed in an assassination attempt while visiting the construction site of an airport in Gadeokdo, Busan.[citation needed] He was later criticised for using a sexually derogative term to describe People Power Party politician Na Kyung-won during a criticism of her pro-Japanese views.[10]

On 15 January 2024 the Green Party and Justice Party announced a left-wing election coalition called the "Green-Justice Party."[11] On the same day, Basic Income Party leader Yong Hye-in announced a pro-Democrat electoral coalition to counter the People Power Party.[12]

Throughout the campaign the People Power Party argued that President Yoon's government has been unable to push its reform agenda forward since taking office in 2022 due to an uncooperative National Assembly controlled by the opposition, while the Democratic Party described Yoon's administration as "incompetent", accusing it of causing a socioeconomic downturn and mishandling several controversial issues. The Rebuilding Korea Party campaigned for an early end to Yoon's presidency,[13] with Cho Kuk pledging to turn Yoon into "first a lame duck, then a dead duck”.[14]

Political parties

See also: List of political parties in South Korea
Parties Leader Ideology Seats Status
Last election Before election
Democratic Party of Korea Lee Jae-myung Liberalism
180 / 300
[c]
156 / 300
[d] 		Opposition
3 / 300
[e]
People Power Party Han Dong-hoon Conservatism
103 / 300
[f]
114 / 300
[g] 		Government
3 / 300
[h]
1 / 300
[i]
Green–Justice Party Kim Jun-woo Progressivism
6 / 300
6 / 300
 Opposition
New Future Party Lee Nak-yon Centrist reformism Did not exist
5 / 300
New Reform Party Lee Jun-seok Conservatism[15] Did not exist
4 / 300
Progressive Party Yoon Hee-suk Left-wing nationalism
0 / 300
1 / 300
Liberal Unification Party Chang Kyung-dong Anti-communism
0 / 300
1 / 300
 Government
Rebuilding Korea Party Cho Kuk Liberalism Did not exist
1 / 300
 Opposition

Candidates

Electoral symbol Parties Candidates
Constituency Proportional Constituency (254) Proportional (46)
1 — Democratic Party of Korea
246 / 254
 —
2 — People Power Party
254 / 254
 —
— 3 Democratic Alliance of Korea —
30 / 46
— 4 People Future Party —
35 / 46
5 Green–Justice Party
17 / 254
14 / 46
6 New Future Party
28 / 254
11 / 46
7 New Reform Party
43 / 254
10 / 46
7 or 8 8 Liberal Unification Party
11 / 254
20 / 46
7 or 8 — Progressive Party
21 / 254
 —
— 9 Rebuilding Korea Party —
25 / 46

Lawmakers not standing for re-election

As of 14 February 2024, a total of 17 current members of the National Assembly have announced their intention not to stand for re-election.

Number of lawmakers' retirements by party affiliation
Party Lawmakers retiring
Elected[j] Current
Democratic 13 10
People Power 4 2
Independent 0 3
Liberal Unification 0 1
New Future 0 1
Total 17
Members of Parliament not standing for re-election
MP Seat First elected Party Date Announced
Woo Sang-ho Seodaemun A 2004 Democratic 13 December 2020[16]
Oh Yeong-hwan Gyeonggi Uijeongbu A 2020 New Future 10 April 2023[17]
Ha Young-je Sacheon–Namhae–Hadong 2020 Independent 24 May 2023[18]
Kim Nam-kuk Ansan Danwon B 2020 Independent 22 August 2023[19]
Park Byeong-seug Seo A 2000 Democratic 6 November 2023[20]
Kang Min-jung Proportional 2020 Democratic 15 November 2023[21]
Chang Je-won Sasang 2008 People Power Party 12 December 2023[22]
Lee Tahney Yongin D 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[23]
Hong Sung-kook Sejong A 2020 Democratic 13 December 2023[24]
Kim Jin-pyo Suwon E 2004 Independent (Incumbent Speaker) 4 January 2024[25]
Kim Woong Songpa A 2020 People Power Party 8 January 2024[26]
Kim Min-ki Yongin B 2012 Democratic 19 January 2024[27]
Lim Jong-seong Gwangju B 2016 Democratic
Kim Hong-gul Proportional 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[28]
Choi Jong-yoon Hanam 2020 Democratic 22 January 2024[29]
In Jae-keun Dobong A 2012 Democratic 14 February 2024[30]

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 South Korean legislative election
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the constituency vote with a 7 day average bar chart.
7 day moving average curve of the polling for the proportional vote with a 7 day average bar chart.

Conduct

Early voting opened on 5 April and lasted until 7 April. Among those who cast their votes early were People Power Party leader Han Dong-hoon, who voted in Seoul, and Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung, who voted in Daejeon.[31] At least 13.8 million voters participated in early voting,[7] equivalent to about 31% of the electorate.[32]

On election day, voting in 14,259 polling stations opened at 06:00 and closed at 18:00.[32][13] Overall turnout was estimated at 67%, an increase of 0.8% from 2020, and the highest recorded for a legislative election in South Korea since 1992.[33]

Voter turnout by region

Voter turnout by province (accumulate)[34]
Region Electorate Early Vote Overall
5 April 6 April 10 April
Voter % Voter % Voter %
Seoul 8,310,021 1,315,890 15.83 2,711,316 32.63 5,758,313 69,3
Busan 2,884,261 427,839 14.83 852,871 29.57 1,947,669 67.5
Daegu 2,051,656 251,503 12.26 525,222 25.60 1,312,872 64.0
Incheon 2,582,765 374,537 14.50 776,408 30.06 1,686,974 65.3
Gwangju 1,199,920 239,483 19.96 455,962 38.00 818,372 68.2
Daejeon 1,236,801 181,300 14.66 374,206 30.26 819,636 66.3
Ulsan 934,661 138,305 14.80 281,659 30.13 625,088 66.9
Sejong 301,297 51,184 16.99 110,888 36.80 211,405 70.2
Gyeonggi 11,595,385 1,627,194 14.03 3,425,648 29.54 7,732,236 66.7
Gangwon 1,331,959 235,574 17.69 434,704 32.64 887,434 66.6
North Chungcheong 1,372,679 215,419 15.69 420,624 30.64 895,768 65.2
South Chungcheong 1,825,472 286,637 15.70 552,098 30.24 1,185,939 65.0
North Jeolla 1,517,738 324,150 21.36 583,724 38.46 1,022,602 67.4
South Jeolla 1,565,232 370,442 23.67 644,774 41.19 1,080,202 69.0
North Gyeongsang 2,224,011 361,141 16.24 683,836 30.75 1,447,739 65.1
South Gyeongsang 2,779,542 424,367 15.27 853,610 30.71 1,877,784 67.6
Jeju 566,611 85,545 15.10 161,493 28.50 352,541 62.2
Overall total 44,280,011 6,910,510 15.61 13,849,043 31.28 29,662,313 67.0

Results

Exit polls indicated that the Democratic Party and its partner, the Democratic Alliance of Korea, would win between 168 to 197 seats in the National Assembly, while the People Power Party and its partner, the People Future Party, were expected to win between 85 to 111 seats. The Rebuilding Korea Party, which only contested proportional representation seats, was projected to win 15 seats. Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-myung was projected to keep his seat in Gyeyang B of Incheon against People Power Party candidate and former land minister Won Hee-ryong, winning 56.1% and 42.8% of the vote respectively.[35]

Party or allianceProportionalConstituencyTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Democratic AllianceDemocratic Party26.6914–161171
Progressive Party 13
New Progressive Alliance 02
Total–162176
People Power Party / People Future Party36.6718–90108
Rebuilding Korea Party24.251212
New Reform Party3.612–13
Liberal Unification Party2.260–00
Green–Justice Party2.140–00
New Future Party1.700–11
Pine Tree Party0.430–00
Grand National Party [ko]0.2500
National Revolutionary Party0.2300
Saenuri Party0.2000
Freedom and Democracy Party [ko]0.140–00
Christian Party [ko]0.120–00
Grand National Unity Party0.1000
Our Republican Party0.100–00
Great Korea Party [ko]0.1000
Women's Party0.1000
Hashtag People's Policy Party [ko]0.0900
Labor Party0.090–00
Financial Reform Party [ko]0.0700
Senior Welfare Party [ko]0.0500
Republican Party [ko]0.0500
Hongik Party [ko]0.0400
Korea Farmers and Fishermen's Party [ko]0.040–00
Korea Nationalist Party0.040–00
Mirae Party0.0400
New National Participation Party0.0300
To Tomorrow, to the Future [ko]0.030–00
Republic of Korea Party [ko]0.0300
Unification Korea Party [ko]0.0300
Let's Go Korea [ko]0.0200
Popular Democratic Party [ko]0.0200
Gihuminsaeng Party0.020–00
Party for the Abolition of Special Privileges [ko]0.010–00
Korean Wave Union Party [ko]0.0100
Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry [ko]0.0100
K Political Innovation Union Party [ko]0.0100
National New Political Party [ko]0.0000
People's Sovereignty Party [ko]–00
People's Democracy Party 00
Korean National Party 00
Basic Income Party 00
Total46254300
Source: KBS

By city/province

By constituency

Province/city Constituency Result Incumbent Winner Lead (%)
Seoul Jongno Democratic gain from People Power Choi Jae-hyung Kwak Sang-eon 6.8
Jung–Seongdong A Democratic hold Hong Ihk-pyo Jeon Hyun-hee 5.2
Jung–Seongdong B Democratic hold Park Sung-joon 2.3
Yongsan People Power hold Kwon Young-se 4.8
Gwangjin A Democratic gain from Independent Jeon Hye-sook Lee Jeong-heon 5.0
Gwangjin B Democratic hold Ko Min-jung 3.9
Dongdaemun A Democratic hold Ahn Gyu-back 8.4
Dongdaemun B Democratic hold Jang Kyung-tae 9.2
Jungnang A Democratic hold Seo Young-kyo 23.8
Jungnang B Democratic hold Park Hong-keun 15.4
Seongbuk A Democratic hold Kim Young-bae 16.6
Seongbuk B Democratic hold Ki Dong-min Kim Nam-geun 13.6
Gangbuk A Democratic hold Chun Joon-ho 14.4
Gangbuk B Democratic hold Park Yong-jin Han Min-su 11.4
Dobong A People Power gain from Democratic In Jae-keun Kim Jae-seop 1.1
Dobong B Democratic hold Oh Gi-hyung 5.6
Nowon A Democratic hold Koh Yong-jin Woo Won-shik 18.0
Woo Won-shik[k]
Nowon B Democratic hold Kim Sung-hwan[l] 19.2
Eunpyeong A Democratic hold Park Joo-min 21.6
Eunpyeong B Democratic hold Kang Byung-won Kim Woo-young 17.4
Seodaemun A Democratic hold Woo Sang-ho Kim Dong-a 7.3
Seodaemun B Democratic hold Kim Yeong-ho 15.2
Mapo A People Power gain from Democratic Noh Woong-rae Cho Jung-hun 0.6
Mapo B Democratic hold Jung Chung-rae 13.6
Yangcheon A Democratic hold Hwang Hee 1.6
Yangcheon B Democratic hold Lee Yong-seon 15.0
Gangseo A Democratic hold Kang Sun-woo 19.8
Gangseo B Democratic hold Jin Seong-jun 9.7
Gangseo C Democratic hold Han Jeoung-ae 18.2
Guro A Democratic hold Lee In-young 11.4
Guro B Democratic hold Youn Kun-young 19.8
Geumcheon Democratic hold Choi Ki-sang 18.0
Yeongdeungpo A Democratic gain from People Power Kim Young-joo Chae Hyeon-il 12.8
Yeongdeungpo B Democratic hold Kim Min-seok 1.2
Dongjak A Democratic hold Kim Byung-kee 5.5
Dongjak B People Power gain from Independent Lee Su-jin Na Kyung-won 8.0
Gwanak A Democratic hold Yoo Ki-hong Park Min-gyu 14.2
Gwanak B Democratic hold Jeong Tae-ho 19.2
Seocho A People Power hold Cho Eun-hee 36.8
Seocho B People Power hold Park Sung-joong Shin Dong-uk 15.0
Gangnam A People Power hold Thae Yong-ho[m] Seo Myeong-ok 28.4
Gangnam B People Power hold Park Jin Pak Soo-min 17.2
Gangnam C People Power hold Yu Kyung-jun Ko Dong-jin 33.5
Songpa A People Power hold Kim Woong Park Jeong-hun 7.1
Songpa B People Power hold Bae Hyun-jin 14.4
Songpa C Democratic hold Nam In-soon 2.0
Gangdong A Democratic hold Jin Sun-mee 2.2
Gangdong B Democratic hold Lee Hae-sik 8.8
Busan Jung–Yeongdo People Power gain from Liberal Unification Hwangbo Seung-hee Cho Seung-hwan 11.3
Seo–Dong People Power hold Ahn Byung-gil Kwak Gyu-thaek 16.0
Busanjin A People Power hold Suh Byung-soo Chong Seong-guk 5.6
Busanjin B People Power hold Lee Hun-seung 9.6
Dongnae People Power hold Kim Hee-gon Seo Ji-young 11.1
Nam People Power hold; Democratic loss Park Soo-young[n] Park Soo-young 8.8
Park Jae-ho[o]
Buk A Democratic hold Chun Jae-soo[p] 5.6
Buk B People Power gain New seat Park Seong-hun 5.2
Haeundae A People Power hold Ha Tae-keung Joo Jin-u 9.1
Haeundae B People Power hold Kim Mee-ae 16.6
Saha A People Power gain from Democratic Choi In-ho Lee Sang-gwon 0.8
Saha B People Power hold Cho Kyoung-tae 13.2
Geumjeong People Power hold Paik Jong-hun 13.2
Gangseo People Power hold Kim Do-eup[q] 11.2
Yeonje People Power hold Lee Joo-hwan Kim Hee-jeong 8.8
Suyeong People Power hold Chun Bong-min Chong Yeon-uk 9.8
Sasang People Power hold Chang Je-won Kim Dae-shik 5.2
Gijang People Power hold Chung Dong-man 4.6
Daegu Jung–Nam People Power hold Im Byeong-heon Kim Ki-ung 31.7
Dong–Gunwi A People Power hold Yoo Sung-kull[r] Choi Eun-seok 49.0
Dong–Gunwi B People Power hold Kang Dae-sik[s] 56.6
Seo People Power hold Kim Sang-hoon 44.0
Buk A People Power hold Yang Geum-hee Woo Jae-jun 44.1
Buk B People Power hold Kim Seung-soo 42.4
Suseong A People Power hold Joo Ho-young 35.3
Suseong B People Power hold Lee In-seon 57.2
Dalseo A People Power hold Hong Seok-joon Yoo Young-ha 42.8
Dalseo B People Power hold Yoon Jae-ok 45.0
Dalseo C People Power hold Kim Yong-pan Kwon Young-jin 50.3
Dalseong People Power hold Choo Kyung-ho 50.6
Incheon Jung–Ganghwa–Ongjin People Power hold Bae Jun-yeong 11.1
Dong–Michuhol A Democratic hold Heo Jong-sik 7.4
Dong–Michuhol B People Power hold Yoon Sang-hyun 0.9
Yeonsu A Democratic hold Park Chan-dae 6.3
Yeonsu B Democratic hold Chung Il-yung 3.0
Namdong A Democratic hold Maeng Sung-kyu 16.7
Namdong B Democratic gain from Independent Youn Kwan-suk Lee Hun-gi 9.0
Bupyeong A Democratic gain from Independent Lee Seong-man No Jong-myeon 10.4
Bupyeong B Democratic gain from New Future Hong Young-pyo Park Seon-won 12.6
Gyeyang A Democratic hold Yoo Dong-soo 16.6
Gyeyang B Democratic hold Lee Jae-myung 8.6
Seo A Democratic hold Kim Kyo-heung 17.2
Seo B Democratic hold Shin Dong-kun Lee Yong-u 13.0
Seo C Democratic gain New seat Mo Kyeong-jong 18.0

Source: Yonhap News Agency


Incumbents who lost re-election

Members of Parliament who lost re-election
MP Seat First elected Party
Kim Hack-yong Anseong 2008[36] People Power
Kim Doo-kwan Yangsan B 2016[37] Democratic
Choi In-ho Saha A 2016 Democratic
Kang Gi-yun Changwon Seongsan 2012[38] People Power
Cho Eung-chun[39] Namyangju A 2016 New Reform Party
Lee Won-uk[40] Hwaseong D 2012 New Reform Party
Yang Hyang-ja[41] Yongin A 2020 New Reform Party
Hwangbo Seung-hee[42] Proportional Representation[43] 2020 Liberal Unification Party
Chung Jin-suk Gongju–Buyeo–Cheongyang 2000[44] People Power
Kim Young-joo Yeongdeungpo A 2004 People Power
Lee Sang-min Yuseong B 2004 People Power
Seol Hoon Bucheon B 1996 New Future
Hong Young-pyo Bupyeong B 2009 by-election New Future
Thae Yong-ho Guro A 2020 People Power
Choi Jae-hyung Jongno March 2022 by-election People Power
Sim Sang-jeong Goyang A 2004 Justice

Reactions

Following the release of exit polls, Han Dong-hoon expressed disappointment over the People Power Party's losses in the election.[45] Cho Kuk called the results of the Rebuilding Korea Party's campaign the "victory of the people" and said it showed the people can "no longer put up with the regression" of the Yoon administration. Cho also called on President Yoon to "apologize for the numerous misdeeds and corruption", and pledged to introduce a special investigation bill against Han Dong-hoon once the new session of the National Assembly is formed.[46] Lee Jae-myung expressed thanks for the Democratic Party's showing and said the party will "humbly watch the people’s choices to the end".[47]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ with Democratic Alliance of Korea
  2. ^ with People Future
  3. ^ 163 - Democratic Party; 17 - Platform Party
  4. ^ 142 - Democratic Party; 14 - Democratic Alliance
  5. ^ Open Democratic Party
  6. ^ 84 - United Future Party; 19 - Future Korea Party
  7. ^ 101 - People Power Party; 13 - People Future Party
  8. ^ People Party
  9. ^ Transition Korea
  10. ^ Party affiliation of retiring MPs at the time of the 2020 legislative election.
  11. ^ Redistricted from Nowon B, Seoul.
  12. ^ Redistricted from Nowon C, Seoul.
  13. ^ Ran in Guro B, Seoul.
  14. ^ Redistricted from Nam A, Busan.
  15. ^ Redistricted from Nam B, Busan.
  16. ^ Redistricted from Buk–Gangseo A, Busan.
  17. ^ Redistricted from Buk–Gangseo B, Busan.
  18. ^ Redistricted from Dong A, Daegu.
  19. ^ Redistricted from Dong B, Daegu.

References

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  6. ^ Kim, Hyung-Jim; Tong-Hyung, Kim (5 April 2024). "South Korea election issues: Green onions, striking doctors, an alleged sexist jab at a candidate". Associated Press. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Green onion outcry: humble vegetable roils S. Korean vote". France 24. 7 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  8. ^ "정의당, 녹색당과 '총선용 연합정당' 추진…당내선 "편법" 반발". 26 October 2023.
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  26. ^ "김웅, 총선 불출마 선언… 장제원 이어 與 현역의원 두번째". The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). 8 January 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  27. ^ "민주 김민기·임종성 불출마… '물갈이' 신호탄?". Segye Ilbo (in Korean). 19 January 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  28. ^ 조, 문규 (22 January 2024). "DJ 셋째 민주 김홍걸, 총선 불출마…"이중잣대 검증"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  29. ^ 배, 재성 (22 January 2024). "민주당 초선 최종윤, 불출마 선언 "정치가 갈등 조장"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  30. ^ 배, 재성 (22 January 2024). "민주당 초선 최종윤, 불출마 선언 "정치가 갈등 조장"". JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  31. ^ "South Koreans cast ballots in early voting for general election". NHK. 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  32. ^ a b "South Korea's president faces a major test in a crucial parliamentary election". Associated Press. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  33. ^ "(6th LD) Tentative final voter turnout at 67 pct: election watchdog". Yonhap. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  34. ^ "사전투표진행상황". National Election Commission. 10 April 2024.
  35. ^ "(4th LD) Opposition forecast to win landslide victory: exit polls". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  36. ^ Kim lost his seat in 2020 but was re-elected through a by-election in March 2022
  37. ^ Kim was first elected at Gimpo A District in 2016 but was re-elected in 2020 at Yangsan B District
  38. ^ Kang was first elected in 2012, but lost his seat in 2016 and was re-elected in 2020
  39. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  40. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  41. ^ Originally elected as a member of the Democratic Party of Korea
  42. ^ Originally elected as a member of the People Power
  43. ^ Originally elected as constituency member for Jung-Yeongdo
  44. ^ Chung moved to proportional representation in 2008, resigning in 2010 to become the Senior Political Secretary to the President, and then lost in Seoul's Jung Distrist in 2012. He was re-elected in this district in 2016 and 2020
  45. ^ "PPP leader expresses disappointment after exit polls predict a landslide victory for opposition". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  46. ^ "New minor party leader declares 'victory of people' as predicted to win 15 seats". Yonhap News Agency. 10 April 2024.
  47. ^ "Exit polls suggest a big win by South Korea's liberal opposition parties in parliamentary election". Associated Press. 10 April 2024.
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