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{{Short description|Soviet heavy self-propelled gun}}
{{Short description|Soviet heavy self-propelled gun}}
{{other uses|M-1975 (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|M-1975 (disambiguation)}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
| name = 2S7 Pion
| name = 2S7 Pion
| image = Army-2018-29.jpg
| image = Army-2018-29.jpg
| image_size = 300
| image_size = 300
| caption =
| caption =
| origin = Soviet Union
| origin = Soviet Union
| type = [[Self-propelled artillery]]
| type = [[Self-propelled artillery]]
| service = 1976–present
| service = 1976–present
| wars = [[Soviet–Afghan War]] <br> [[First Chechen War]] <br> [[Second Chechen War]] <br> [[Russo-Georgian War]] <br> [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]] <br> [[Russo-Ukraine War]]
| wars = [[Soviet–Afghan War]] <br /> [[First Chechen War]] <br /> [[Second Chechen War]] <br /> [[Russo-Georgian War]] <br /> [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]] <br /> [[Russo-Ukraine War]]
| production_date = 1975–1990
| production_date = 1975–1990
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = yes
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = yes
| is_bladed =
| is_bladed =
| is_explosive = yes
| is_explosive = yes
| is_artillery = yes
| is_artillery = yes
Line 22: Line 23:
| width = {{convert|3.38|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|3.38|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| weight = Whole vehicle: 46,500 kg<br/>Cannon: 14,600 kg
| weight = Whole vehicle: {{convert|46,500|kg|abbr=on}}<br />Cannon: {{convert|14,600|kg|abbr=on}}
| suspension = [[torsion bar]]
| suspension = [[torsion bar]]
| speed = {{convert|50|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| speed = {{convert|50|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| vehicle_range = Road: {{convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| vehicle_range = Road: {{convert|650|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| primary_armament = 203 mm [[2A44]] gun L/56.2
| primary_armament = 203 mm [[2A44]] gun L/56.2
| secondary_armament =
| secondary_armament =
| armour = 10mm max.
| armour = {{convert|10|mm|abbr=on}}
| engine = V-46-I V12 turbocharged [[Diesel engine|diesel]]<ref name=am2s7/>
| engine = V-46-I V12 turbocharged [[Diesel engine|diesel]]<ref name=am2s7/>
| engine_power = 840 hp<ref name=am2s7/>
| engine_power = {{convert|630|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=am2s7/>
| pw_ratio = <!-- General specifications -->
| pw_ratio = <!-- General specifications -->
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge =
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge =
| cartridge_weight = 103kg<ref name=tankenc/> or 110kg<ref name=mcia1995/>
| cartridge_weight = {{convert|103|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name=tankenc/> or {{convert|110|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name=mcia1995/>
| caliber = 203mm<ref name=tankenc/>
| caliber = 203 mm<ref name=tankenc/>
| barrels = 1
| barrels = 1
| action =
| action =
| elevation = 0-60deg<ref name=tankenc/>
| elevation = 0-60 deg<ref name=tankenc/>
| traverse = 30deg<ref name=tankenc/>
| traverse = 30 deg<ref name=tankenc/>
| rate =
| rate =
| range = 37.5km (unassisted)
| range = {{convert|37.5|km|abbr=on}} (unassisted)
| max_range = 47.5km (assisted)
| max_range = {{convert|47.5|km|abbr=on}} (assisted)
| feed =
| feed =
| velocity = 960m/s<ref name=tankenc/>
| velocity = {{convert|960|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=tankenc/>
| sights = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| sights = <!-- Artillery specifications -->
| breech =
| breech =
| recoil =
| recoil =
| carriage = 12m<ref name="mcia1995">{{cite book |title=Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995 |date=1995 |publisher=Marine Corps Intelligence Activity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeM72t6oOZIC&pg=RA2-PA15}}</ref>
| carriage = {{convert|12|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="mcia1995">{{cite book |title=Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995 |date=1995 |publisher=Marine Corps Intelligence Activity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XeM72t6oOZIC&pg=RA2-PA15}}</ref>
| gun_weight =
| gun_weight =
}}
}}


The '''2S7 Pion''' ("[[peony]]") or '''Malka''' is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[self-propelled artillery|self-propelled]] 203mm [[cannon]]. "2S7" is its [[GRAU]] designation. More than 250 units were built; some sources say 500,<ref name=tankenc/> others up to 1,000.<ref name=janesaa/> They were distributed around the former [[Soviet states]] in the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] after 1991.
The '''2S7 Pion''' ("[[peony]]") or '''Malka''' is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[self-propelled artillery|self-propelled]] 203 mm [[cannon]]. "2S7" is its [[GRAU]] designation. More than 250 units were built; some sources say 500,<ref name=tankenc/> others up to 1,000.<ref name=janesaa/> They were distributed around the former [[Soviet states]] during the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]] in 1991.


==Description==
==Description==
The 2S7 Pion was identified for the first time in 1975 in the [[Soviet Army]] and was called '''M-1975''' by [[NATO]] (the [[2S4 Tyulpan]] also received the M-1975 designation), whereas its official designation is '''SO-203 (2S7)'''. It used a new-design chassis, partly based on T-72 and T-80 design,<ref name=tankenc>{{Cite web |title=Soviet 2s7 Pion SPG (1975) |url=https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/ussr/2s7-pion.php |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=www.tanks-encyclopedia.com}}</ref> carrying an externally mounted 2A44 203&nbsp;mm gun on the hull rear.{{Citation needed|date=November 2020}} The vehicle is self-entrenching and has an overpressure [[CBRN defense]] system.<ref name="fas203">{{cite news |title=2S7 203-mm Self-Propelled Gun |url=https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/row/2s7.htm |publisher=FAS Military Analysis Network |date=16 October 1999}}</ref> It was reported that the {{convert|12|m|ft|adj=on}} long gun weighs 14.6 tons and has a service life of 450 rounds.<ref name=mcia1995/>
The 2S7 Pion was identified for the first time in 1975 in the [[Soviet Army]] and was called '''M-1975''' by [[NATO]] (the [[2S4 Tyulpan]] also received the M-1975 designation), whereas its official designation is '''SO-203 (2S7)'''. It used a new-design chassis, partly based on T-72 and T-80 design,<ref name=tankenc>{{Cite web |title=Soviet 2s7 Pion SPG (1975) |url=https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/ussr/2s7-pion.php |access-date=19 April 2022 |website=www.tanks-encyclopedia.com |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001420/https://www.tanks-encyclopedia.com/coldwar/ussr/2s7-pion.php |url-status=live }}</ref> carrying an externally mounted 2A44 203&nbsp;mm gun on the hull rear.<ref>{{cite book |title=Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995 |date=1995 |publisher=[[Marine Corps Intelligence Activity]] |location=Quantico, VA |url=https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/PB96134846.xhtml |access-date=16 March 2024 |pages=V-14–V-15}}}</ref> The vehicle is self-entrenching and has an overpressure [[CBRN defense]] system.<ref name="fas203">{{cite news |title=2S7 203-mm Self-Propelled Gun |url=https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/row/2s7.htm |publisher=FAS Military Analysis Network |date=16 October 1999 |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=25 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225092411/https://man.fas.org/dod-101/sys/land/row/2s7.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported that the {{convert|12|m|abbr=on}} gun weighs {{convert|14.6|t|abbr=on}} and has a service life of 450 rounds.<ref name=mcia1995/>


There are several manufacturers: the chassis was made at the [[Kirov Factory]], St. Petersburg, Russia, while the gun and mount were made at the [[Titan-Barrikady]] plant in [[Volgograd, Russia]].<ref name="am2s7">{{cite news |title=2S7 Pion (M1975) Russian 203mm Self-Propelled Gun (SPG) |url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/mediawiki/index.php/2S7_Pion_(M1975)_Russian_203mm_Self-Propelled_Gun_(SPG) |access-date=29 May 2022 |publisher=army.mil}}</ref>
There are several manufacturers: the chassis was made at the [[Kirov Factory]], St. Petersburg, Russia, while the gun and mount were made at the [[Titan-Barrikady]] plant in [[Volgograd, Russia]].<ref name="am2s7">{{cite news |title=2S7 Pion (M1975) Russian 203mm Self-Propelled Gun (SPG) |url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/mediawiki/index.php/2S7_Pion_(M1975)_Russian_203mm_Self-Propelled_Gun_(SPG) |access-date=29 May 2022 |publisher=army.mil |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925171119/https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/mediawiki/index.php/2S7_Pion_(M1975)_Russian_203mm_Self-Propelled_Gun_(SPG) |url-status=live }}</ref>


The Malka modernization process in the late 2010s involved substituting several of the Ukrainian-produced components, such as the gearbox and engine, with new components manufactured in Russia at the [[Uraltransmash]] plant in [[Yekaterinburg]].<ref name="raru">{{cite news |title=Russia Army Receives Upgraded 2S7M Malka Self-propelled Heavy Howitzer |url=https://militaryleak.com/2021/12/13/russia-army-receives-upgraded-2s7m-malkas-self-propelled-heavy-howitzer/ |date=13 December 2021 |publisher=Military Leak}}</ref>
The Malka modernization process in the late 2010s involved substituting several of the Ukrainian-produced components, such as the gearbox and engine, with new components manufactured in Russia at the [[Uraltransmash]] plant in [[Yekaterinburg]].<ref name="raru">{{cite news |title=Russia Army Receives Upgraded 2S7M Malka Self-propelled Heavy Howitzer |url=https://militaryleak.com/2021/12/13/russia-army-receives-upgraded-2s7m-malkas-self-propelled-heavy-howitzer/ |date=13 December 2021 |publisher=Military Leak |access-date=29 May 2022 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127234817/https://militaryleak.com/2021/12/13/russia-army-receives-upgraded-2s7m-malkas-self-propelled-heavy-howitzer/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


The 2S7 uses a tracked chassis that was designed specifically for this artillery system. It uses a number of automotive components from the [[T-72]] and [[T-80]] main battle tanks. It is powered by a [[V-46-I]] turbocharged liquid-cooled [[V12 engine|V12]] [[diesel engine]],<ref name=tankenc/> developing 750 horsepower (or 840<ref name=am2s7/>). It is also fitted with an auxiliary power unit, developing 24&nbsp;hp and powering all systems when the main engine is shut down.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/artillery/2s7_pion.htm|publisher=Military Today|title=2S7 Pion|access-date=10 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709114426/http://www.military-today.com/artillery/2s7_pion.htm|archive-date=9 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
The 2S7 uses a tracked chassis that was designed specifically for this artillery system. It uses a number of automotive components from the [[T-72]] and [[T-80]] main battle tanks. It is powered by a [[V-46-I]] turbocharged liquid-cooled [[V12 engine|V12]] [[diesel engine]],<ref name=tankenc/> developing {{convert|560|kW|abbr=on}} (or {{convert|630|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name=am2s7/>). It is also fitted with an auxiliary power unit, developing {{convert|18|kW|abbr=on}} and powering all systems when the main engine is shut down.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.military-today.com/artillery/2s7_pion.htm|publisher=Military Today|title=2S7 Pion|access-date=10 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709114426/http://www.military-today.com/artillery/2s7_pion.htm|archive-date=9 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>


The 2S7 carries a crew of fourteen and eight rounds of ammunition; seven crewmembers and four rounds are carried by the Pion, with the remaining crew and rounds in an auxiliary vehicle.<ref name=auto/>
The 2S7 carries a crew of fourteen and eight rounds of ammunition; seven crewmembers and four rounds are carried by the Pion, with the remaining crew and rounds in an auxiliary vehicle.<ref name=auto/>


It takes the crew about six minutes to set up and five minutes to dismantle. The vehicle carries four 203&nbsp;mm projectiles for immediate use. The gun is capable of firing nuclear ammunition.<ref name="wsn203">{{cite news |title=203mm shells for 2A44 howitzer |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/145-203mm+shells+for+2A44+howitzer |access-date=29 May 2022 |publisher=WEAPONSYSTEMS.NET}}</ref> The gun has a range of {{convert|37,500|m|mi}}, but this can be extended to {{convert|55,500|m|mi}} by using a [[rocket-assisted projectile]].<ref name=auto/> One interesting feature of the Pion is the firing alarm. Because the blast of the weapon firing is so powerful – it can physically incapacitate an unprepared soldier or crew member near it from concussive force – the Pion is equipped with an audible firing alarm that emits a series of short warning tones for approximately five seconds prior to the charge being fired.<ref name=raru/>
It takes the crew about six minutes to set up and five minutes to dismantle. The vehicle carries four 203&nbsp;mm projectiles for immediate use. The gun is capable of firing nuclear ammunition.<ref name="wsn203">{{cite news |title=203mm shells for 2A44 howitzer |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/145-203mm+shells+for+2A44+howitzer |access-date=29 May 2022 |publisher=WEAPONSYSTEMS.NET |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529202348/https://weaponsystems.net/system/145-203mm+shells+for+2A44+howitzer |url-status=live }}</ref> The gun has a range of {{convert|37.5|km|abbr=on}}, but this can be extended to {{convert|55.5|km|abbr=on}} by using a [[rocket-assisted projectile]].<ref name=auto/> One interesting feature of the Pion is the firing alarm. Because the blast of the weapon firing is so powerful, it can physically incapacitate an unprepared soldier or crew member near it from the concussive force, the Pion is therefore equipped with an audible firing alarm that emits a series of short warning tones for approximately five seconds prior to the round being fired.<ref name=raru/>


==Operational and combat history==
==Operational and combat history==
*The 2S7 was first used in combat by the Soviet Union in [[Soviet–Afghan War]] (1979–1989){{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* The 2S7 was first used in combat by the Soviet Union in [[Soviet–Afghan War]] (1979–1989){{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*Russian forces used it in the [[First Chechen War|First]] and [[Second Chechen War]]s (First war: 1994–1996, Second war: 1999–2009){{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* Russian forces used it in the [[First Chechen War|First]] and [[Second Chechen War]]s (First war: 1994–1996, Second war: 1999–2009){{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*The [[Georgian Army]] used 2S7s in the [[Russo-Georgian War]] in 2008 (7–16 August 2008), five were visually confirmed as lost during the war: four destroyed and one captured by the Russian forces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia's Wars: Listing Equipment Losses During The 2008 Russo-Georgian War |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/10/russias-wars-listing-equipment-losses.html |website=Oryx |access-date=20 August 2023}}</ref>
* The [[Georgian Army]] used 2S7s in the [[Russo-Georgian War]] in 2008 (7–16 August 2008), five were visually confirmed as lost during the war: four destroyed and one captured by the Russian forces.<ref>{{cite web |title=Russia's Wars: Listing Equipment Losses During The 2008 Russo-Georgian War |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/10/russias-wars-listing-equipment-losses.html |website=Oryx |access-date=20 August 2023 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004135902/https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/10/russias-wars-listing-equipment-losses.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2S7s were brought back into service by the Ukrainian army during the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]] in late 2014,<ref name=ukr99/> and were used in combat just outside the 'buffer' zone stipulated by the [[Minsk Protocol]], as they had long enough range to still provide artillery support.<ref name=wfukr>{{cite web|title=2S7 Pion|url=http://warforukraine.com/weapons/artillery/ukrainian-artillery/41-2s7pion.html|website=War for Ukraine|access-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414072152/http://warforukraine.com/weapons/artillery/ukrainian-artillery/41-2s7pion.html|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2S7s were brought back into service by the Ukrainian army during the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]] in late 2014,<ref name=ukr99/> and were used in combat just outside the 'buffer' zone stipulated by the [[Minsk Protocol]], as they had long enough range to still provide artillery support.<ref name=wfukr>{{cite web|title=2S7 Pion|url=http://warforukraine.com/weapons/artillery/ukrainian-artillery/41-2s7pion.html|website=War for Ukraine|access-date=2 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414072152/http://warforukraine.com/weapons/artillery/ukrainian-artillery/41-2s7pion.html|archive-date=14 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The Russian armed forces are reinforcing their artillery forces, reactivating 2S7M Malka 203&nbsp;mm self-propelled howitzers and 2S4 Tyulpan 240&nbsp;mm self-propelled mortars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-29 |title=Upgunning Artillery |url=https://russiandefpolicy.com/2018/04/29/upgunning-artillery/ |access-date=2023-04-18 |website=Russian Defense Policy |language=en}}</ref> The upgraded 2S7M SPH is linked to the modernised 1V12M command vehicle, which uses a [[GLONASS]] navigation unit.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
* The Russian armed forces are reinforcing their artillery forces, reactivating 2S7M Malka 203&nbsp;mm self-propelled howitzers and 2S4 Tyulpan 240&nbsp;mm self-propelled mortars.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2018 |title=Upgunning Artillery |url=https://russiandefpolicy.com/2018/04/29/upgunning-artillery/ |access-date=18 April 2023 |website=Russian Defense Policy |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418014829/https://russiandefpolicy.com/2018/04/29/upgunning-artillery/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The upgraded 2S7M SPH is linked to the modernised 1V12M command vehicle, which uses a [[GLONASS]] navigation unit.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}
*Video released by the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijan Ministry of Defence]] showed their 2S7s in use during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]].<ref name=azermod>{{cite press release |author=<!-- no byline --> |date=2020-09-28 |title=Ağdərə istiqamətində düşmənin artilleriya bölmələrinə zərbələr endirilib |trans-title=Enemy artillery units were hit in the direction of Aghdara |url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/agdere-istiqametinde-dusmenin-artilleriya-bolmelerine-zerbeler-endirilib-video-32390.html |language=az |publisher=Azərbaycan Respublikası Müdafiə Nazirliyi |access-date=2020-09-29}}</ref>
* Video released by the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijan Ministry of Defence]] showed their 2S7s in use during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]].<ref name=azermod>{{cite press release |author=<!-- no byline --> |date=28 September 2020 |title=Ağdərə istiqamətində düşmənin artilleriya bölmələrinə zərbələr endirilib |trans-title=Enemy artillery units were hit in the direction of Aghdara |url=https://mod.gov.az/az/news/agdere-istiqametinde-dusmenin-artilleriya-bolmelerine-zerbeler-endirilib-video-32390.html |language=az |publisher=Azərbaycan Respublikası Müdafiə Nazirliyi |access-date=29 September 2020 |archive-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103020817/https://mod.gov.az/az/news/agdere-istiqametinde-dusmenin-artilleriya-bolmelerine-zerbeler-endirilib-video-32390.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The 2S7 has been pictured moving towards the border with Ukraine during the [[Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis]].<ref name=newukr>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-12 |title=New footage shows Russia's 'atomic cannons' within 10 miles of Ukraine sparking nuclear war fears |url=https://londonlovesbusiness.com/new-footage-shows-russias-atomic-cannons-within-10-miles-of-ukraine-sparking-nuclear-war-fears/ |access-date=2022-02-26 |website=London Business News |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* The 2S7 has been pictured moving towards the border with Ukraine during the [[Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis]].<ref name=newukr>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2022 |title=New footage shows Russia's 'atomic cannons' within 10 miles of Ukraine sparking nuclear war fears |url=https://londonlovesbusiness.com/new-footage-shows-russias-atomic-cannons-within-10-miles-of-ukraine-sparking-nuclear-war-fears/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |website=London Business News |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226134509/https://londonlovesbusiness.com/new-footage-shows-russias-atomic-cannons-within-10-miles-of-ukraine-sparking-nuclear-war-fears/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*It was used by Ukrainian Forces during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] as early as 25 February 2022. In June 2023, Ukraine started using American supplied M106 high-explosive 203mm (8 inch) shells used by the [[M110 howitzer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian 2S7 Pion shoots with American 203mm rounds |url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/ukrainian-2s7-pion-shoots-with-american-203mm-rounds/ |website=Militarnyi |access-date=23 June 2023}}</ref>
* It was used by Ukrainian Forces during the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] as early as 25 February 2022. In June 2023, Ukraine started using American supplied M106 high-explosive 203 mm (8 inch) shells used by the [[M110 howitzer]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian 2S7 Pion shoots with American 203mm rounds |url=https://mil.in.ua/en/news/ukrainian-2s7-pion-shoots-with-american-203mm-rounds/ |website=Militarnyi |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623154329/https://mil.in.ua/en/news/ukrainian-2s7-pion-shoots-with-american-203mm-rounds/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*It was used by Russian Forces during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], as reported in ''[[Newsweek]]'' on 27 May 2022.<ref name="rfukruse">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/russians-show-off-artillerys-firepower-over-ukraine-video-1711085 |title=Russians Show Off Artillery's Firepower Over Ukraine in Video |date=27 May 2022 |publisher=Newsweek}}</ref> Satellite imagery shows that Russian forces deployed 2S7 south of [[Donetsk]] city in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goodhind |first=William |date=2023 |title=Russian 2S7 Self-Propelled Artillery, Occupied-Marianivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 2 September 2022 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374867668_Contested_Ground_Report_17_Russian_2S7_Self-Propelled_Artillery_Occupied-Marianivka_Donetsk_Oblast_Ukraine_2_September_2022 |journal=Contested Ground |issue=17 |pages=1-2 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.26947.99361/1}}</ref>
* It was used by Russian Forces during the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], as reported in ''[[Newsweek]]'' on 27 May 2022.<ref name="rfukruse">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/russians-show-off-artillerys-firepower-over-ukraine-video-1711085 |title=Russians Show Off Artillery's Firepower Over Ukraine in Video |date=27 May 2022 |publisher=Newsweek |access-date=28 May 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528190602/https://www.newsweek.com/russians-show-off-artillerys-firepower-over-ukraine-video-1711085 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satellite imagery shows that Russian forces deployed 2S7 south of [[Donetsk]] city in September 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goodhind |first=William |date=2023 |title=Russian 2S7 Self-Propelled Artillery, Occupied-Marianivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 2 September 2022 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374867668 |journal=Contested Ground |issue=17 |pages=1–2 |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.26947.99361/1 |access-date=21 October 2023 |archive-date=31 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031231145/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374867668_Contested_Ground_Report_17_Russian_2S7_Self-Propelled_Artillery_Occupied-Marianivka_Donetsk_Oblast_Ukraine_2_September_2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Боевая работа артиллерии (Малка).webm|left|thumb|Russian army uses 2S7M Malka howitzers during Invasion of Ukraine. February 2024]]


==Variants==
==Variants==
The original version is known as the '''2S7 Pion'''.
The original version is known as the '''2S7 Pion'''.


An updated version called the '''2S7M Malka''' entered service in either 1983 or 1986.<ref name=arrec/> The 2S7M Malka uses an improved [[fire control system]] that increased the rate of fire from 1.5 to 2.5 rounds per minute, and increased the ammunition load to eight projectiles.<ref name=ar50km>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_guns_destroy_targets_at_50km.html |date=29 March 2018 |title=Russia: 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled guns destroy targets at 50km |publisher=Army Recognition |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190129150137/https://armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_guns_destroy_targets_at_50km.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-55-314.html|title=Russian Military Forces - Aviation - Navy - Infantry firearms - Communications - Ground systems - Weapon photogallery|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706090030/http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-55-314.html|archive-date=6 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=arrec>{{Cite web |title=Russian army receives first modernized 203mm 2S7M Malka self-propelled howitzers |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_december_2021_global_security_army_industry/russian_army_receives_first_modernized_203mm_2s7m_malka_self-propelled_howitzers.html |date=7 December 2021 |publisher=Army Recognition}}</ref>
An updated version called the '''2S7M Malka''' entered service in either 1983 or 1986.<ref name=arrec/> The 2S7M Malka uses an improved [[fire control system]] that increased the rate of fire from 1.5 to 2.5 rounds per minute, and increased the ammunition load to eight projectiles.<ref name=ar50km>{{cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_guns_destroy_targets_at_50km.html |date=29 March 2018 |title=Russia: 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled guns destroy targets at 50km |publisher=Army Recognition |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190129150137/https://armyrecognition.com/march_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/russia_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_guns_destroy_targets_at_50km.html |archive-date=29 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-55-314.html|title=Russian Military Forces - Aviation - Navy - Infantry firearms - Communications - Ground systems - Weapon photogallery|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706090030/http://militaryforces.ru/weapon-3-55-314.html|archive-date=6 July 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=arrec>{{Cite web |title=Russian army receives first modernized 203mm 2S7M Malka self-propelled howitzers |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_december_2021_global_security_army_industry/russian_army_receives_first_modernized_203mm_2s7m_malka_self-propelled_howitzers.html |date=7 December 2021 |publisher=Army Recognition |access-date=27 February 2022 |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192438/https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_december_2021_global_security_army_industry/russian_army_receives_first_modernized_203mm_2s7m_malka_self-propelled_howitzers.html |url-status=live }}</ref>


The [[BTM-4 Tundra]] trench digger shares the 2S7 Pion chassis.<ref name="auto"/>
The [[BTM-4 Tundra]] trench digger shares the 2S7 Pion chassis.<ref name="auto"/>
Line 87: Line 89:
[[File:2S7 Pion operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 2S7 Pion operators in blue and former operators in red]]
[[File:2S7 Pion operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 2S7 Pion operators in blue and former operators in red]]
Although no figures have been released, it is estimated that well over 1,000 have been built.<ref name=janesaa>Jane's Armour and Artillery 1997-98 {{ISBN|0-7106-1542-6}}</ref> The Soviet Army had 347 in active service as of 1990.<ref name=tankenc/>
Although no figures have been released, it is estimated that well over 1,000 have been built.<ref name=janesaa>Jane's Armour and Artillery 1997-98 {{ISBN|0-7106-1542-6}}</ref> The Soviet Army had 347 in active service as of 1990.<ref name=tankenc/>
* {{ANG}} – 12, acquired in 2000 from the Czech Republic<ref name=ang>{{cite web|url=http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/trade-register |title=sipri.org |access-date=2014-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423140358/http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/trade-register |archive-date=2014-04-23 }}</ref>
* {{ANG}} – 12, acquired in 2000 from the Czech Republic<ref name=ang>{{cite web|url=http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/trade-register |title=sipri.org |access-date=3 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423140358/http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/transfer/trade-register |archive-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref>
* {{AZE}} – at least 12, acquired from Russia in 2008–2009<ref name=azer>{{cite web|url=http://today.az/news/politics/75210.html|title=Today.Az - What weaponry did Azerbaijan buy from Russia last year?|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224181443/http://today.az/news/politics/75210.html|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{AZE}} – at least 12, acquired from Russia in 2008–2009<ref name=azer>{{cite web|url=http://today.az/news/politics/75210.html|title=Today.Az - What weaponry did Azerbaijan buy from Russia last year?|access-date=24 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224181443/http://today.az/news/politics/75210.html|archive-date=24 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{GEO}} − 1 as of 2023<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=February 2023 |publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-032-50895-5 |pages=177–178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U86kzwEACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref>
* {{GEO}} − 1 as of 2023<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2023 |date=February 2023 |publisher=Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated |isbn=978-1-032-50895-5 |pages=177–178 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U86kzwEACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812034642/https://books.google.com/books?id=U86kzwEACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{RUS}} – 60 2S7M in active service, 260 2S7 in reserve as of 2022.<ref name="IISS 2022">{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2022|date=14 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0367466398 |page=194 |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Modernisation with new running gear and electronics completed as of December 2021<ref name=rusmod>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0626/101047388/detail.shtml |title= Артиллеристы ЦВО в Сибири получили новейшие самоходные пушки "Малка" |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135856/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0626/101047388/detail.shtml |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ruscom>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=Russia completes 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled howitzer upgrade |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/russia_completes_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_howitzer_upgrade.html}}</ref><ref name=rustass>{{Cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1145729 |title = Russian Army gets one of world's most powerful self-propelled guns after upgrade}}</ref><ref name=rusjanes>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-20 |title=Russian MoD receives first modernised Malka gun |url=https://www.janes.com/article/95621/russian-mod-receives-first-modernised-malka-gun |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=Janes.com}}</ref><ref name=tassrus>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1375287|title = Defense contractor completes upgrade of Malka heavy howitzers for Russian troops}}</ref>
* {{RUS}} – 60 2S7M in active service, 260 2S7 in reserve as of 2022.<ref name="IISS 2022">{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2022|date=14 February 2020 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-367-46639-8 |page=194 |author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies}}</ref> Modernisation with new running gear and electronics completed as of December 2021<ref name=rusmod>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0626/101047388/detail.shtml |title= Артиллеристы ЦВО в Сибири получили новейшие самоходные пушки "Малка" |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626135856/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0626/101047388/detail.shtml |archive-date=26 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ruscom>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2020 |title=Russia completes 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled howitzer upgrade |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/russia_completes_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_howitzer_upgrade.html |access-date=15 April 2020 |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508081922/https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/russia_completes_2s7m_malka_203mm_self-propelled_howitzer_upgrade.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=rustass>{{Cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1145729 | title=Russian Army gets one of world's most powerful self-propelled guns after upgrade | access-date=18 April 2020 | archive-date=18 April 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418043117/https://tass.com/defense/1145729 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=rusjanes>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2020 |title=Russian MoD receives first modernised Malka gun |url=https://www.janes.com/article/95621/russian-mod-receives-first-modernised-malka-gun |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=Janes.com |archive-date=16 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516122834/https://www.janes.com/article/95621/russian-mod-receives-first-modernised-malka-gun |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=tassrus>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1375287|title=Defense contractor completes upgrade of Malka heavy howitzers for Russian troops|access-date=15 December 2021|archive-date=15 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215170813/https://tass.com/defense/1375287|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{UKR}} – 99, brought from reserve and restored to active service due to the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]]<ref name=ukr99>{{cite web|url=http://news.liga.net/video/politics/3999522-ukraina_vozvrashchaet_na_vooruzhenie_moshchneyshie_sau_pion_video.htm |publisher=Liga |title=Украина возвращает на вооружение мощнейшие САУ Пион: видео|date=10 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141111040157/http://news.liga.net/video/politics/3999522-ukraina_vozvrashchaet_na_vooruzhenie_moshchneyshie_sau_pion_video.htm |archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and ongoing [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volodymyr |date=2023-03-01 |title=Pravda.com.ua Interview: Ukrainian colonel Oleh Shevchuk • WarTranslated |url=https://wartranslated.com/pravda-com-ua-interview-ukrainian-colonel-oleh-shevchuk/ |access-date=2023-03-02 |website=WarTranslated |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* {{UKR}} – 99, brought from reserve and restored to active service due to the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]]<ref name=ukr99>{{cite web|url=http://news.liga.net/video/politics/3999522-ukraina_vozvrashchaet_na_vooruzhenie_moshchneyshie_sau_pion_video.htm |publisher=Liga |title=Украина возвращает на вооружение мощнейшие САУ Пион: видео|date=10 November 2014|access-date=11 November 2014|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141111040157/http://news.liga.net/video/politics/3999522-ukraina_vozvrashchaet_na_vooruzhenie_moshchneyshie_sau_pion_video.htm |archive-date=11 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and ongoing [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Volodymyr |date=1 March 2023 |title=Pravda.com.ua Interview: Ukrainian colonel Oleh Shevchuk • WarTranslated |url=https://wartranslated.com/pravda-com-ua-interview-ukrainian-colonel-oleh-shevchuk/ |access-date=2 March 2023 |website=WarTranslated |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302145734/https://wartranslated.com/pravda-com-ua-interview-ukrainian-colonel-oleh-shevchuk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


[[File:UA 43rd brigade firing 2S7 Pion 02.jpg|thumb|right|2S7 Pion of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] firing]]
[[File:UA 43rd brigade firing 2S7 Pion 02.jpg|thumb|right|2S7 Pion of the [[Armed Forces of Ukraine]] firing]]


===Former operators===
===Former operators===
* {{BLR}} − 36 in 2010<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2010 |date=2010 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-85743-557-3 |pages=177–179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwqCAQAACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref>
* {{BLR}} − 36 in 2010<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2010 |date=2010 |publisher=Taylor & Francis Group |isbn=978-1-85743-557-3 |pages=177–179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwqCAQAACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en |author1-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |archive-date=29 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729165239/https://books.google.com/books?id=JwqCAQAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{CSK}} – 12 operated by 17th Large Caliber Artillery Division in [[Žamberk]], 1984–1994.<ref name=czret>{{cite news |url=http://www.13db.army.cz/html/historie_131_smdo.html |title=History of 131th Artillery Division |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322050628/http://www.13db.army.cz/html/historie_131_smdo.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |language=cs}}</ref> One kept in [[Military museum Lešany]]
* {{CSK}} – 12 operated by 17th Large Caliber Artillery Division in [[Žamberk]], 1984–1994.<ref name=czret>{{cite news |url=http://www.13db.army.cz/html/historie_131_smdo.html |title=History of 131th Artillery Division |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322050628/http://www.13db.army.cz/html/historie_131_smdo.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |language=cs}}</ref> One kept in [[Military museum Lešany]]
* {{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foss |first1=Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006 |date=2005 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2686-8 |page=1019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8_HAAAACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref> − 8 in 1989, all retired in 2006, one kept at Lubuskie Military Museum, Drzonów
* {{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Foss |first1=Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006 |date=2005 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2686-8 |page=1019 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8_HAAAACAAJ |access-date=20 August 2023 |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819221301/https://books.google.com/books?id=e8_HAAAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> − 8 in 1989, all retired in 2006, one kept at Lubuskie Military Museum, Drzonów
* {{flag|Slovakia}} – [[Slovak Armed Forces]] received 3 in 1993 after disbanding of [[Czechoslovak Army]], with one being part of the [[Military History Museum Piešťany]] permanent indoor exhibition and one kept in inventory of [[Military technical and testing institute Zahorie]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ebadatelnavhm.vhu.sk/item/5/7 |title = 203 MM SAMOHYBNÝ KANÓN 2S7 PION |language=sk}}</ref>
* {{flag|Slovakia}} – [[Slovak Armed Forces]] received 3 in 1993 after disbanding of [[Czechoslovak Army]], with one being part of the [[Military History Museum Piešťany]] permanent indoor exhibition and one kept in inventory of [[Military technical and testing institute Zahorie]]<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ebadatelnavhm.vhu.sk/item/5/7 | title=203 MM SAMOHYBNÝ KANÓN 2S7 PION | language=sk | access-date=11 April 2023 | archive-date=11 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411200745/https://ebadatelnavhm.vhu.sk/item/5/7 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{USSR}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0080375694 |page=34 |author1-link=Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref> – passed on to successor states
* {{USSR}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The military balance, 1989-1990 |date=1989 |publisher=Brassey's |location=London |isbn=978-0-08-037569-4 |page=34 |author1-link=Institute for Strategic Studies }}</ref> – passed on to successor states


==See also==
==See also==
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{{PostWWIISovietAFVS}}
{{PostWWIISovietAFVS}}
{{SovArtyColdWar}}
{{SovArtyColdWar}}
{{Authority control}}
⚫
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:2s7 Pion}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2s7 Pion}}
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[[Category:203 mm artillery]]
[[Category:203 mm artillery]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1970s]]
[[Category:Tracked self-propelled howitzers]]

Latest revision as of 11:03, 28 June 2024

For other uses, see M-1975 (disambiguation).

2S7 Pion
TypeSelf-propelled artillery
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1976–present
WarsSoviet–Afghan War
First Chechen War
Second Chechen War
Russo-Georgian War
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
Russo-Ukraine War
Production history
Produced1975–1990
Specifications
MassWhole vehicle: 46,500 kg (102,500 lb)
Cannon: 14,600 kg (32,200 lb)
Length10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Width3.38 m (11 ft 1 in)
Height3 m (9 ft 10 in)
Crew14
Shell weight103 kg (227 lb)[1] or 110 kg (240 lb)[2]
Caliber203 mm[1]
Barrels1
Carriage12 m (39 ft)[2]
Elevation0-60 deg[1]
Traverse30 deg[1]
Muzzle velocity960 m/s (3,100 ft/s)[1]
Effective firing range37.5 km (23.3 mi) (unassisted)
Maximum firing range47.5 km (29.5 mi) (assisted)
Armor10 mm (0.39 in)
Main
armament
203 mm 2A44 gun L/56.2
EngineV-46-I V12 turbocharged diesel[3]
630 kW (840 hp)[3]
Suspensiontorsion bar
Operational
range
Road: 650 km (400 mi)
Maximum speed 50 km/h (31 mph)

The 2S7 Pion ("peony") or Malka is a Soviet self-propelled 203 mm cannon. "2S7" is its GRAU designation. More than 250 units were built; some sources say 500,[1] others up to 1,000.[4] They were distributed around the former Soviet states during the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Description[edit]

The 2S7 Pion was identified for the first time in 1975 in the Soviet Army and was called M-1975 by NATO (the 2S4 Tyulpan also received the M-1975 designation), whereas its official designation is SO-203 (2S7). It used a new-design chassis, partly based on T-72 and T-80 design,[1] carrying an externally mounted 2A44 203 mm gun on the hull rear.[5] The vehicle is self-entrenching and has an overpressure CBRN defense system.[6] It was reported that the 12 m (39 ft) gun weighs 14.6 t (14.4 long tons; 16.1 short tons) and has a service life of 450 rounds.[2]

There are several manufacturers: the chassis was made at the Kirov Factory, St. Petersburg, Russia, while the gun and mount were made at the Titan-Barrikady plant in Volgograd, Russia.[3]

The Malka modernization process in the late 2010s involved substituting several of the Ukrainian-produced components, such as the gearbox and engine, with new components manufactured in Russia at the Uraltransmash plant in Yekaterinburg.[7]

The 2S7 uses a tracked chassis that was designed specifically for this artillery system. It uses a number of automotive components from the T-72 and T-80 main battle tanks. It is powered by a V-46-I turbocharged liquid-cooled V12 diesel engine,[1] developing 560 kW (750 hp) (or 630 kW (840 hp)[3]). It is also fitted with an auxiliary power unit, developing 18 kW (24 hp) and powering all systems when the main engine is shut down.[8]

The 2S7 carries a crew of fourteen and eight rounds of ammunition; seven crewmembers and four rounds are carried by the Pion, with the remaining crew and rounds in an auxiliary vehicle.[8]

It takes the crew about six minutes to set up and five minutes to dismantle. The vehicle carries four 203 mm projectiles for immediate use. The gun is capable of firing nuclear ammunition.[9] The gun has a range of 37.5 km (23.3 mi), but this can be extended to 55.5 km (34.5 mi) by using a rocket-assisted projectile.[8] One interesting feature of the Pion is the firing alarm. Because the blast of the weapon firing is so powerful, it can physically incapacitate an unprepared soldier or crew member near it from the concussive force, the Pion is therefore equipped with an audible firing alarm that emits a series of short warning tones for approximately five seconds prior to the round being fired.[7]

Operational and combat history[edit]

Russian army uses 2S7M Malka howitzers during Invasion of Ukraine. February 2024

Variants[edit]

The original version is known as the 2S7 Pion.

An updated version called the 2S7M Malka entered service in either 1983 or 1986.[19] The 2S7M Malka uses an improved fire control system that increased the rate of fire from 1.5 to 2.5 rounds per minute, and increased the ammunition load to eight projectiles.[20][21][19]

The BTM-4 Tundra trench digger shares the 2S7 Pion chassis.[8]

Operators[edit]

Map with 2S7 Pion operators in blue and former operators in red

Although no figures have been released, it is estimated that well over 1,000 have been built.[4] The Soviet Army had 347 in active service as of 1990.[1]

2S7 Pion of the Armed Forces of Ukraine firing

Former operators[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Soviet 2s7 Pion SPG (1975)". www.tanks-encyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995. Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. 1995.
  3. ^ a b c d "2S7 Pion (M1975) Russian 203mm Self-Propelled Gun (SPG)". army.mil. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  4. ^ a b Jane's Armour and Artillery 1997-98 ISBN 0-7106-1542-6
  5. ^ Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices: 1945-1995. Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Intelligence Activity. 1995. pp. V-14–V-15. Retrieved 16 March 2024.}
  6. ^ "2S7 203-mm Self-Propelled Gun". FAS Military Analysis Network. 16 October 1999. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  7. ^ a b "Russia Army Receives Upgraded 2S7M Malka Self-propelled Heavy Howitzer". Military Leak. 13 December 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d "2S7 Pion". Military Today. Archived from the original on 9 July 2009. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  9. ^ "203mm shells for 2A44 howitzer". WEAPONSYSTEMS.NET. Archived from the original on 29 May 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  10. ^ "Russia's Wars: Listing Equipment Losses During The 2008 Russo-Georgian War". Oryx. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Украина возвращает на вооружение мощнейшие САУ Пион: видео". Liga. 10 November 2014. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  12. ^ "2S7 Pion". War for Ukraine. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
  13. ^ "Upgunning Artillery". Russian Defense Policy. 29 April 2018. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  14. ^ "Ağdərə istiqamətində düşmənin artilleriya bölmələrinə zərbələr endirilib" [Enemy artillery units were hit in the direction of Aghdara] (Press release) (in Azerbaijani). Azərbaycan Respublikası Müdafiə Nazirliyi. 28 September 2020. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  15. ^ "New footage shows Russia's 'atomic cannons' within 10 miles of Ukraine sparking nuclear war fears". London Business News. 12 February 2022. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Ukrainian 2S7 Pion shoots with American 203mm rounds". Militarnyi. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Russians Show Off Artillery's Firepower Over Ukraine in Video". Newsweek. 27 May 2022. Archived from the original on 28 May 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
  18. ^ Goodhind, William (2023). "Russian 2S7 Self-Propelled Artillery, Occupied-Marianivka, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, 2 September 2022". Contested Ground (17): 1–2. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.26947.99361/1. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
  19. ^ a b "Russian army receives first modernized 203mm 2S7M Malka self-propelled howitzers". Army Recognition. 7 December 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  20. ^ "Russia: 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled guns destroy targets at 50km". Army Recognition. 29 March 2018. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019.
  21. ^ "Russian Military Forces - Aviation - Navy - Infantry firearms - Communications - Ground systems - Weapon photogallery". Archived from the original on 6 July 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  22. ^ "sipri.org". Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 3 May 2014.
  23. ^ "Today.Az - What weaponry did Azerbaijan buy from Russia last year?". Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  24. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2023). The Military Balance 2023. Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-1-032-50895-5. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  25. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2020). The Military Balance 2022. Routledge. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-367-46639-8.
  26. ^ "Артиллеристы ЦВО в Сибири получили новейшие самоходные пушки "Малка"". Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  27. ^ "Russia completes 2S7M Malka 203mm self-propelled howitzer upgrade". 14 April 2020. Archived from the original on 8 May 2020. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  28. ^ "Russian Army gets one of world's most powerful self-propelled guns after upgrade". Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  29. ^ "Russian MoD receives first modernised Malka gun". Janes.com. 20 April 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  30. ^ "Defense contractor completes upgrade of Malka heavy howitzers for Russian troops". Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  31. ^ Volodymyr (1 March 2023). "Pravda.com.ua Interview: Ukrainian colonel Oleh Shevchuk • WarTranslated". WarTranslated. Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
  32. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (2010). The Military Balance 2010. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 177–179. ISBN 978-1-85743-557-3. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  33. ^ "History of 131th Artillery Division" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 22 March 2013.
  34. ^ Foss, Christopher F. (2005). Jane's Armour and Artillery 2005-2006. Jane's Information Group. p. 1019. ISBN 978-0-7106-2686-8. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
  35. ^ "203 MM SAMOHYBNÝ KANÓN 2S7 PION" (in Slovak). Archived from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  36. ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (1989). The military balance, 1989-1990. London: Brassey's. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-08-037569-4.

External links[edit]

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