[go: nahoru, domu]
Jump to content

Maze

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by BD2412 (talk | contribs) at 04:17, 12 August 2024 (clean up spacing around commas and other punctuation, replaced: ] , [ → ], [). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other uses, see Maze (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Maize.
Obludiste - hedge maze Czech republic

A hedge maze at Longleat stately home in England
Part of a series on
Puzzles
Jigsaw piece
Types
Guessing
Logic
Mechanical
Word and Number
Puzzle video games
Metapuzzles
Topics
Lists

A maze is a path or collection of paths, typically from an entrance to a goal. The word is used to refer both to branching tour puzzles through which the solver must find a route, and to simpler non-branching ("unicursal") patterns that lead unambiguously through a convoluted layout to a goal. The term "labyrinth" is generally synonymous with "maze", but can also connote specifically a unicursal pattern.[1] The pathways and walls in a maze are typically fixed, but puzzles in which the walls and paths can change during the game are also categorised as mazes or tour puzzles.

Construction

Mazes have been built with walls and rooms, with hedges, turf, corn stalks, straw bales, books, paving stones of contrasting colors or designs, and brick,[2] or in fields of crops such as corn or, indeed, maize. Maize mazes can be very large; they are usually only kept for one growing season, so they can be different every year, and are promoted as seasonal tourist attractions.[citation needed]

Indoors, mirror mazes are another form of maze, in which many of the apparent pathways are imaginary routes seen through multiple reflections in mirrors. Another type of maze consists of a set of rooms linked by doors (so a passageway is just another room in this definition). Players enter at one spot, and exit at another, or the idea may be to reach a certain spot in the maze. Mazes can also be printed or drawn on paper to be followed by a pencil or fingertip. Mazes can also be built with snow.[citation needed]

A small maze with one entrance and one exit.

Generation

Main article: Maze generation algorithm

Maze generation is the act of designing the layout of passages and walls within a maze. There are many different approaches to generating mazes, with various maze generation algorithms for building them, either by hand or automatically by computer.

There are two main mechanisms used to generate mazes. In "carving passages", one marks out the network of available routes. In building a maze by "adding walls", one lays out a set of obstructions within an open area.

Solution

Main article: Maze solving algorithm

Maze solving is the act of finding a route through the maze from the start to finish. Some maze solving methods are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas others are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.

The mathematician Leonhard Euler was one of the first to analyze plane mazes mathematically, and in doing so made the first significant contributions to the branch of mathematics known as topology.[citation needed]

Mazes containing no loops are known as "standard", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a tree in graph theory. Thus many maze solving algorithms are closely related to graph theory. Intuitively, if one pulled and stretched out the paths in the maze in the proper way, the result could be made to resemble a tree.[3]

Psychology experiments

Mazes are often used in psychology experiments to study spatial navigation and learning. Such experiments typically use rats or mice. Examples are:

Types

A fractal maze (top) with 3 iterations (left) and a solution (right)
Ball-in-a-maze puzzles
Dexterity puzzles which involve navigating a ball through a maze or labyrinth.
Fractal maze
A maze containing holes inside which the maze is indefinitely repeated at a smaller scale.[4]
Hamilton maze
A maze in which the goal is to find the unique Hamiltonian cycle.[5][6]
Logic mazes
These are like standard mazes except they use rules other than "don't cross the lines" to restrict motion.
Picture maze
A standard maze that forms a picture when solved.
Turf mazes and mizmazes
A pattern like a long rope folded up, without any junctions or crossings.
  • Standard maze: Find a path from and back to the star.
    Standard maze: Find a path from and back to the star.
  • Circular maze type: Find a route to the centre of the maze.
    Circular maze type: Find a route to the centre of the maze.
  • Loops and traps maze: Follow the arrows from and back to the star
    Loops and traps maze: Follow the arrows from and back to the star
  • Block maze: Fill in four blocks to make a road connecting the stars. No diagonals.
    Block maze: Fill in four blocks to make a road connecting the stars. No diagonals.
  • Number maze: Begin and end at the star. Using the number in your space, jump that number of blocks in a straight line to a new space. No diagonals.
    Number maze: Begin and end at the star. Using the number in your space, jump that number of blocks in a straight line to a new space. No diagonals.

Public attractions

Asia

Dubai

India

Japan

Pacific

New Zealand

Europe

Austria

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark

Germany

Greece

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

United Kingdom

Traquair House Maze, Scotland

North America

Public maze at Wild Adventures theme park, Valdosta, Georgia, United States. It was removed before the 2010 season.
Maze at Missouri Botanical Garden in St. Louis

Canada

  • In 2012, the Kraay Family Farm in Alberta, Canada created the world's largest QR code in the form of a massive corn maze, popularly known as The Edmonton Corn Maze.[47][48]

United States

South Africa

Chartwell Castle in Johannesburg claims to have the biggest known uninterrupted hedgerow maze in the Southern world, with over 900 conifers. It covers about 6000 sq.m. (approximately 1.5 acres), which is around 5 times bigger than The Hampton Court Maze. The center is about 12m × 12m. The maze was designed and laid out by Conrad Penny.[53]

Caribbean

Cuba

The colonial city of Camagüey, Cuba, founded in 1528, layout resembles a real maze, with narrow, short streets always turning in one direction or another. After pirate Henry Morgan burned the city in the 17th century, it was designed like a maze so attackers would find it hard to move around inside the city. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

South America

Brazil

  • Labirinto Verde,[54] Nova Petrópolis, (Circular hedge maze built in 1989; Latitude 29°22'32.71"S Longitude 51°06'43.68"W)

Television

  • Both Nubeluz and American Gladiators, from Peru and the United States respectively, featured a giant life-size maze used in competition. The object on both programs was for the contestants to find their way from the entrance to the exit as quickly as possible. On Nubeluz, the contestants took turns running through the maze and had a maximum of 1 minute to reach the exit;[55] on American Gladiators, both contestants ran through the maze simultaneously and were given 45 seconds to find the correct solution.[56] The giant maze was part of the game rotation on both programs concurrently, and was also retired from both programs simultaneously.

The Shining

See also

References

  1. ^ Hermann Kern (2000). Through the labyrinth: designs and meanings over 5000 years. Prestel. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-7913-2144-8. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014.
  2. ^ "Trevithick Brick Path Maze". Lappa Valley Steam Railway. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
  3. ^ Maze to Tree Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine. YouTube (23 December 2007). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  4. ^ "Fractal Maze - Wolfram Demonstrations Project".
  5. ^ de Ruiter, Johan (2017). Hamilton Mazes - The Beginner's Guide.
  6. ^ Friedman, Erich (2009). "Hamiltonian Mazes". Erich's Puzzle Palace. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  7. ^ Retail Arabia to open French hypermarket Géant in The Gardens Shopping Mall | Nakheel Properties Archived 2 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. AMEinfo.com. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  8. ^ welcome to hikimi town!! Archived 13 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Iwami.or.jp. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  9. ^ 巨大迷路パラディアム Archived 17 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Kinugawa.ne.jp. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  10. ^ 仙台ハイランド ホームページ Archived 14 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Hi-land.co.jp. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  11. ^ ：：白浜エネルギーランド：： 移転連絡 Archived 7 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Royalpines.co.jp. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  12. ^ Samsø Labyrinten – verdens største labyrint Archived 22 April 2003 at the Wayback Machine. Samsolabyrinten.com. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  13. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  14. ^ Hortus Vitalis – Irrgarten und Erlebniswelt – Ausflugsziel in Bad Salzuflen Archived 13 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Hortus-vitalis.de. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  15. ^ Labyrinth Park Archived 24 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 26 April 2017.
  16. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 26 April 2017.
  17. ^ "Nuova pagina 0". Archived from the original on 21 April 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  18. ^ "Italian creates world's largest maze". TheGuardian.com. 4 July 2010. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016.
  19. ^ "Het Labyrinth". klausvandelocht.nl. Archived from the original on 2 October 2010.
  20. ^ "Doolhof van Ruurlo – geschiedenis". Archived from the original on 1 August 2012.
  21. ^ Jardins no Parque do Arnado Archived 3 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Ponte de Lima. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  22. ^ C.M. Porto Archived 18 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Cm-porto.pt. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  23. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  24. ^ Reserva Florestal de Recreio do Pinhal da Paz (São Miguel) Archived 19 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Azores.gov.pt. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  25. ^ "León cuenta con un laberinto único en el mundo. nortecastilla.es". www.elnortedecastilla.es. 22 September 2008.
  26. ^ "Parc del Laberint d'Horta". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Identificación". Archived from the original on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  29. ^ "Palacio Real de la Granja de San Ildefonso". Archived from the original on 12 June 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  30. ^ maze Archived 14 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Greatmaze.info. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  31. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  32. ^ "Carnfunnock Maze". Larne Borough Council. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  33. ^ Records Search Page Archived 8 May 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Guinness World Records. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  34. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  35. ^ London's Labyrinths and Mazes Archived 21 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Londonist. Retrieved on 20 November 2016.
  36. ^ Glendurgan Garden Archived 20 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. National Trust (17 November 2005). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  37. ^ Palaces, Historic Royal. "Lose Yourself in the Famous, Fun-Filled Hampton Court Maze - Historic Royal Palaces". Archived from the original on 29 July 2012.
  38. ^ "Mazes - Hever Castle". Archived from the original on 2 March 2012.
  39. ^ Hoo Hill Maze Archived 20 December 2005 at the Wayback Machine. Wuff.me.uk. Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  40. ^ Google Maps. Maps.google.com.au (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  41. ^ Norwich Cathedral Labyrinth Archived 22 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Norwich Cathedral. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  42. ^ The Maize Maze Archived 22 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Farmmaze.co.uk (10 July 2005). Retrieved on 18 June 2011.
  43. ^ "The Essex town where you can do five amazing outdoor mazes in a day". 18 February 2019.
  44. ^ "Would yew enjoy maize?". Evening Chronicle. 19 January 2005. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  45. ^ Somerleyton Hall and Gardens Archived 28 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Somerleyton Estate. Retrieved on 4 April 2012.
  46. ^ "The Traquair maze".
  47. ^ Kooser, Amanda (11 September 2012). "World's largest QR code is a Canadian corn maze". CNet. Archived from the original on 21 June 2015.
  48. ^ Kooser, Amanda (4 September 2013). "Navigate this massive corn maze using Google Street View". CNet.
  49. ^ a b Kooser, Amanda (9 January 2015). "'The Shining' hotel wants you to design a hedge maze for it". CNet. Archived from the original on 21 June 2015.
  50. ^ a b "'The Shining' Hotel to Finally Get a Real Hedge Maze". Construction Equipment Guide. 26 May 2015. Archived from the original on 27 May 2015.
  51. ^ "Music in the Berkshires: Classical Beyond Tanglewood, Part 3". Hampton Terrace. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  52. ^ Dowd, Katie (17 June 2021). "The history of the hottest, most ill-advised theme park ever made: The Wooz". sfgate.com. SFGATE. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
  53. ^ "Maze". Chartwell Castle. Archived from the original on 24 October 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  54. ^ WEBDE.COM.BR. "Município de Nova Petrópolis - Empresa". Archived from the original on 30 September 2011.
  55. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O43hZ3piBZQ A segment of an early 1992 episode of Nubeluz featuring the maze. The first player's turn begins at the top of the segment; the second player's turn begins at 5:20.
  56. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWB3x6rVmQw The maze featured on American Gladiators.

Further reading

Look up maze in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Maze".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maze&oldid=1239879492"