Mirza Husayn Tehrani
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Mirza Husayn Tehrani | |
---|---|
میرزا حسین خلیلی تهرانی | |
Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Abdullah Mazandarani | |
Personal | |
Born | 1815 |
Died | 1908 |
Religion | Islam |
Nationality | Iranian |
Region | Najaf, Iraq |
Jurisprudence | Twelver Shia Islam |
Muslim leader | |
Based in | Najaf, Iraq |
Period in office | 1891–1908 |
Post | Grand Ayatollah |
Mirza Husayn Khalili Tehrani (Persian: میرزا حسین خلیلی تهرانی) was an Usuli Shi'a jurist and among the four sources of emulation at the time of Iranian Constitutional Revolution. He worked alongside Akhund Khurasani and Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani to support the first democratic revolution of Asia, Iran's Constitutional Revolution, and co-signed all major statements issued from the seminary of Najaf in support of democracy.[1]
Career
In 1891, he became a Marja', and by the demise of Mirza Shirazi in 1895 he was listed among great jurists, and many people from Tehran followed him.[2] When the parliament came under attack from imperial court's cleric, Shaykh Fazlullah Nuri, Tehrani alongside other jurists of Najaf sided with democracy and acted as a legitimizing force.[3] They invoked the Quranic command of ‘enjoining good and forbidding wrong’ to justify democracy in the period of occultation, and linked opposition to the constitutional movement to ‘a war against the Imam of the Age’.[4] Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Husayn Tehrani and Shaykh Abdullah Mazandarani, theorized a model of religious secularity in the absence of Imam, that still prevails in Shia seminaries.[5]
The period from the destruction of the first parliament under the orders of Mohammad Ali shah on June 23, 1908, to the Shah's deposition on July 16, 1909, is called as the Lesser Despotism in the history of modern Iran. The shah repeatedly delayed the elections under the guise of fighting sedition and defending Islam. Mohammad Ali shah wrote letters to the sources of emulation in Najaf, seeking their support against the perceived conspiracies of Babis and other heretics. However, Akhund Khurasani, Mirza Tehrani and Mirza Abdullah Mazandarani responded by affirming the religious legitimacy of democracy and advised the shah to work within the constitutional framework in improving the conditions of society and defending the country against colonial influence.[6]
Death
He died in 1908.[1]
References
- ^ a b Farzaneh, Mateo Mohammad (2015). “The Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the Clerical Leadership of Khurasani”. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-8156-5311-0.
- ^ Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (3): p. 440. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. ISSN 0026-3206.
- ^ Bayat, Mangol (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-19-506822-1.
- ^ Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). “Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement”. Middle Eastern Studies. 49 (3): p. 435. doi:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828. ISSN 0026-3206.
- ^ Ghobadzadeh, Naser (17 October 2013). “Religious secularity: : A vision for revisionist political Islam”. Philosophy & Social Criticism. 39 (10): p. 1009. DOI:10.1177/0191453713507014. ISSN 0191-4537.
- ^ Bayat, Mangol (1991). Iran's First Revolution: Shi'ism and the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909. Studies in Middle Eastern History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-19-506822-1.
External links
This article needs additional or more specific categories. (February 2022) |
- Persian Constitutional Revolution
- Revolutions in Iran
- Iranian democracy movements
- 20th-century revolutions
- 1900s conflicts
- 1910s conflicts
- Conflicts in 1905
- Conflicts in 1906
- Conflicts in 1907
- Conflicts in 1908
- Conflicts in 1909
- Conflicts in 1910
- Conflicts in 1911
- 1900s in Iran
- 1910s in Iran
- 1905 in Iran
- 1906 in Iran
- 1907 in Iran
- 1908 in Iran
- 1909 in Iran
- 1910 in Iran
- 1911 in Iran
- Politics of Qajar Iran
- History of civil rights and liberties in Iran
- Iran–Russia military relations
- Wars involving Russia
- Armenian Revolutionary Federation