Arsenal F.C.
Full name | The Arsenal Football Club[1] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nickname(s) | The Gunners | |||
Founded | October 1886 | , as Dial Square|||
Ground | Emirates Stadium | |||
Capacity | 60,704 | |||
Owner | Kroenke Sports & Entertainment | |||
Co-chairmen | Stan and Josh Kroenke | |||
Manager | Mikel Arteta | |||
League | Premier League | |||
2023–24 | Premier League, 2nd of 20 | |||
Website | Club website | |||
| ||||
Departments of Arsenal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
|
The Arsenal Football Club, commonly known as Arsenal, is an English professional football club based in Holloway, North London. Arsenal compete in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. In domestic football, Arsenal has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 17 FA Community Shields and a Football League Centenary Trophy. In European football, they have one European Cup Winners' Cup and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football.[2]
Arsenal was the first club from southern England to join the Football League in 1893, and it reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, it continues the longest streak in the top division,[3] and has won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history.[4] In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, it won its first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position.[5] Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.
In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square. In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby. Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy brought the club domination in the 1930s. He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers;[6] he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey.[7] Arsène Wenger is the club's longest-serving manager and has won the most trophies for it. He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles.
In 2006, the club moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium. With an annual revenue of £367.1m in the 2021–22 season,[8] Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2.26 billion by Forbes, making it the world's tenth-most valuable football club,[9] while it is one of the most followed on social media.[10] The motto of the club is Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through Harmony".
History
1886–1912: from Dial Square to Arsenal
In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and fifteen fellow munitions workers in Woolwich formed Dial Square Football Club, named after a workshop at the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex. Each member contributed sixpence and Danskin also added three shillings to help form the club.[11][note 1] Dial Square played their first match on 11 December 1886 against Eastern Wanderers and won 6–0.[15] The club had renamed to Royal Arsenal by January 1887,[14][16] and its first home was Plumstead Common,[14] though they spent most of their time playing at the Manor Ground. Their first trophies were the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889–90 and the London Senior Cup in 1890–91; these were the only county association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[17][18] In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.[19]
Royal Arsenal renamed for a second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with the Football League when the club ascended later that year.[20][21]: 5–21 Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of the Football League, starting out in the Second Division and reaching the First Division in 1904. Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910.[22][21]: 112–149 Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to move them elsewhere.[23][21]: 22–42
1912–1925: Bank of England club
In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, the club moved across the river to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury.[24][25][26] In 1919, the Football League controversially voted to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly enlarged First Division, despite only finishing fifth in the Second Division's last pre-war season of 1914–15. Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.[27]
With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.[28][29] With record-breaking spending and gate receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club.[30][31]
1925–1934: Herbert Chapman's legendary Gunners
Arsenal's location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925.[32][33] Over the next five years, Chapman built a revolutionary new Arsenal. Firstly, he appointed an enduring new trainer Tom Whittaker who would one day rise to become a fabled Arsenal manager himself.[34] With the help of player Charlie Buchan, implemented the nascent WM formation which would serve as a stable bedrock to his outfit.[35][36] He also captured generational young talents such as Cliff Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, whilst also lavishing Highbury's high income on stars such as David Jack and Alex James.
Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup in 1930, and League Championships followed in 1930–31 and 1932–33.[37] Chapman also presided over off-pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit;[note 2] a Tube station was named after the club;[41][42] and the first of two opulent, Art Deco stands was completed, with some of the first floodlights in English football.[29] Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia.[43]
1934–1947: Shaw, Allison & the Second World War
Chapman's death meant work was left to his colleagues Joe Shaw and George Allison, with both proving to be shrewd & consummate custodians of Chapman's excellent Arsenal team, seeing out a hat-trick of league wins with the 1933–34, 1934–35, and 1937–38 titles, and then furthermore winning the 1936 FA Cup.[44][45]
World War II meant the Football League was suspended for seven years. While Arsenal were paraded by the nation as a symbol of solidarity with war efforts, the war took a huge toll on the team as the club had had more players killed than any top flight club.[46] Furthermore, debt from reconstructing an ambitious North Bank Stand redevelopment greatly bled Arsenal's resources.[47][29]
1947–1962: Tom Whittaker's meteoric Gunners
Despite this period of turbulence & churn, Arsenal returned to win the league in the second post-war season of 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, and meant the club equalled the champions of England record.[48] Tom Whittaker, despite his disarming humble & modest disposition, was oft-referred to as the "brains" behind the charismatic Chapman's legendary Arsenal side.[49][50] He gathered a successful & highly skilled Arsenal side in spite of greatly limited resources, with a fiery and expansive style that drove great fanfare at the time.[51]
They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53 making Arsenal the most successful team in English history at the time.[52][53]
1962–1984: Billy Wright, Bertie Mee and Neill's cohorts
Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions squad had aged, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements.[54] Although Arsenal were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in mid-table mediocrity.[55] Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.[56]
Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.[57][58] With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham, Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69. Next season saw a breakthrough, with Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The season after, Arsenal achieved an even greater triumph with their first League and FA Cup double, and a new champions of England record.[59] This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was characterised by a series of near misses, with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.[58]
Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976. At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date.[60] With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side like Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup finals (1978 FA Cup, 1979 FA Cup and 1980 FA Cup), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only trophy during this time was the 1979 FA Cup, achieved with a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United, in a final is widely regarded as a classic.[61][62]
1984–1996: George Graham's Arsenal
One of Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986, with Arsenal winning their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. New signings Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club by 1988 to complete the "famous Back Four", led by homegrown player Tony Adams.[63][note 3] Graham's credo of prioritising defensive excellence seemingly clashed with the club's traditional expansive motif and with the young player demographic at the club at the time; however, it quickly gained a cult following after initial successes.[64]
The side immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool.[65] Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995.[66][67] His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.[68]
1996–2018: Wenger years
The club metamorphosed during the tenure of French manager Arsène Wenger, who was appointed in 1996. Attacking football,[69] an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices,[note 4] and efficiency with money[note 5] defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cup finals, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles".[78] This feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.[79]
Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although they never won the title in two consecutive seasons.[80] The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London to reach the final in the competition's fifty-year history, but were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[81] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[82] Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively. The club had not gained a trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until, spearheaded by club record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.[83] A year later, Arsenal completed another victorious FA Cup campaign,[84] and became the most successful club in the tournament's history by winning their 13th FA Cup in 2016–17. However, in that same season Arsenal finished fifth in the league, the first time they had finished outside the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996.[85] In his 21st and final season, Arsenal under Arsene Wenger finished sixth and won the community shield.[86][87] Wenger departed Arsenal following the end of the season, on 13 May 2018.[88]
2018–2020: post-Wenger revolution
After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He became the club's first ever 'head coach' and second manager from outside the United Kingdom.[89][90] In Emery's first season, Arsenal finished fifth in the Premier League and as runner-up in the Europa League.[91][92] On 29 November 2019, Emery was dismissed as manager and former player and assistant first team coach Freddie Ljungberg was appointed as interim head coach.[93][94][95]
2020–: Arteta era
On 20 December 2019, Arsenal appointed former club captain Mikel Arteta as the new head coach.[96][97] Arsenal finished the league season in eighth, their lowest finish since 1994–95, but beat Chelsea 2–1 to earn a record-extending 14th FA Cup win.[98] After the season, Arteta's title was changed from head coach to manager.[99] On 18 April 2021, Arsenal were announced as a founding club of the breakaway European competition The Super League;[100] they withdrew from the competition two days later amid near-universal condemnation.[101] Arsenal finished the 2020–21 season in eighth place once again, not qualifying for a European competition for the first time in 26 years.[102] In the 2022–23 Premier League season, Arsenal returned to the Champions League by coming second to Manchester City. Arsenal led the league for most of the season, but suffered a series of losses at the end of the run, setting a record for most time spent on top of the table without actually winning the league.[103]
Crest
|
Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannons.[104] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.[104]
In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter typography, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit (VCC) – "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[104][105] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it.[106] Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[107] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[108] The cannon once again faces east, and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[109] Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[110]
The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[111] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[110]
In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all-white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[112]
Colours
For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[113] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[114][115]
In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[116] Regardless of which story is true, the red-and-white shirts have come to define Arsenal, and the team have worn that combination ever since that time, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[115] this proved unpopular, and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the side reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[116] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves that bore a broad white stripe.[115]
Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[116] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green-and-white strip.[117] In 1941, Luis Robledo, an England-schooled founder of Santa Fe and a fan of Arsenal, selected the main colours for his newly created team. In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red-with-white-sleeves-and-shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[118] These teams still wear those designs to this day.
For many years Arsenal's away colours were white or navy blue. However, in 1968 the FA banned navy shirts (they looked too similar to referees' black kit), so in the 1969–70 season Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final when Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history. The yellow and blue strip became almost as famous as their iconic red-and-white home kit.[119][120] Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red-and-white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip,[119] which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.
When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[121] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year.[122]
After Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits were released every season. In the 2017–18 season, Puma released a new colour scheme for the away and third kits. The away kit was a light blue, which faded to a darker blue near the bottom, while the third kit was black with red highlight. Puma returned to the original colour scheme for the 2018–19 season.[123]
From the 2019–20 season Arsenal's kits are manufactured by Adidas.[124] In the 2020–21 season, Adidas unveiled the new away kit to mark the 15-year anniversary of leaving Highbury. The new away kit is white, with a marbled pattern to replicate the iconic marble hall in the East stand of Highbury.[125]
Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors
|
Stadiums
Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913.[130][131]
Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[29] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[29]
Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[132] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[133]
Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[29] These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time.[134] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury.[135] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs,[136] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season.[137] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million.[138] Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[139] The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at least 2024.[140][141] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[142] The capacity of the Emirates now stands at 60,704.[143]
Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999.[144] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.[145] Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[146] which is also the home of Boreham Wood F.C. Both the Academy under-18 & the reserves occasionally play their big games at the Emirates in front of a crowd reduced to only the lower west stand.[147][148]
Supporters and rivalries
Arsenal's fanbase are referred to as "Gooners" – the name derived from the club's nickname "The Gunners". Virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),[149] and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[150] Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich and Schalke 04.[151][152][153][154] The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital. There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the surrounding Islington and particularly the nearby Archway area having a large community of residents with Irish heritage. But Irish migration to North London is recently much lower than in the 1960s or 1970s.
Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!
There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters' clubs were affiliated with the club.[155] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[156] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[157]
Anthem
The team's anthem is The Angel (North London Forever) by Louis Dunford.[158][159][160] The song is typically played at Arsenal home games before a match.
Other songs
In addition to the usual English football chants, Arsenal's supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West") and also regularly sing "Who's that team they call the Arsenal", "Good Old Arsenal" (to the tune of "Rule, Britannia!") and "We're the North Bank/Clock End Highbury". The fans also chant "Boring, Boring Arsenal" in self-deprecating reference to Arsenal's reputation during the 1970s and 1980s as an overly defensive, cautious team.[161]
Rivalries
Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbour, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as the North London derby.[162] There also exists a rivalry between Arsenal and Chelsea. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in the early 2000s when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title. During the 2010s and now the 2020s, a competitive rivalry with Manchester City began during the Arteta era following a close title race in the 2022-23 Premier League season.[163][164][165]
Mascot
The club mascot is Gunnersaurus Rex, a smiling, 7-foot-tall green dinosaur, who first appeared at a home match against Manchester City in August 1994 (or 1993). He is based on a drawing by then-11-year-old Peter Lovell, whose design and another similar idea won a Junior Gunners contest; his official backstory is that he hatched from an egg found during renovations at Highbury.[166][167][168][169][170][171]
The same person, Jerry Quy, has been inside the suit from the start; in early October 2020, as part of cost-cutting brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the club made him redundant from that and his other part-time job in supporter liaison, together with 55 full-time employees, although they later said Gunnersaurus could return after spectators were allowed back in stadiums.[170][172][173] An online fundraiser was begun for Quy,[173] and Mesut Özil offered to pay his salary himself as long as he remains with Arsenal.[174][175] In November 2020, in advance of COVID-19 regulations being relaxed to allow supporters to attend home games from 3 December, Arsenal announced that Gunnersaurus would return, to be played by a roster of people that could include Quy if he wished.[176][177]
Ownership and finances
The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.[178] Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[179] and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares from David Dein in August 2007.[180] Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and London-based Iranian financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.[181] Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[182][183] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.[184][185] In May 2017, Kroenke owned 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red & White Securities owned 18,695 shares (30.04%).[178] In January 2018, Kroenke expanded his ownership by buying twenty-two more shares, taking his total ownership to 67.09%.[186] In August 2018, Kroenke bought out Usmanov for £550m. Now owning more than 90% of the shares, he had the required stake to complete the buyout of the remaining shares and become the sole owner.[187] There has been criticism of Arsenal's poor performance since Kroenke took over, which has been attributed to his ownership.[188] Ivan Gazidis was the club's Chief executive from 2009 to 2018.[178][189]
Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as an unlisted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued,[178] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119.9m.[190] Most football clubs are not listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[191] Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2.238 billion (£1.69 billion) in 2018, ranked third in English football.[192] Research by the Henley Business School ranked Arsenal second in English football, modelling the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015.[193][194]
Arsenal's financial results for the 2019–20 season showed an after tax loss of £47.8m, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.[195] The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenises and compares clubs' annual revenue. Deloitte put Arsenal's footballing revenue in 2019 at £392.7m (€445.6m),[196] ranking Arsenal eleventh among world football clubs.[157] Arsenal and Deloitte both listed the match day revenue generated in 2019 by the Emirates Stadium as €109.2m (£96.2m).[196]
In popular culture
Partly due to their proximity to the Alexandra Palace transmitter, Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[197][198] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[197][199] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[197][200] Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[197][201]
As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year.[202] The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[203] The book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football, and with Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.[204] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[205]
Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s.[206][207] In the 1997 film The Full Monty the principal characters move forward in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[203] Fifteen years later an almost identical scene was included in the 2012 Disney science-fiction film John Carter (director and co-writer Andrew Stanton, a notable overseas supporter of the club), along with other visual cues and oblique dialogue hints and references to the club throughout the film.[208] Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.[203]
In August 2022, Amazon Prime Video released an eight-episode docuseries called All or Nothing: Arsenal.[209][210] It documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season, in which they were the youngest team in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years and 308 days – more than a whole year younger than the next team.[211][212]
In the community
In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[213] An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches.[214] The club launched the Arsenal for Everyone initiative in 2008 as an annual celebration of the diversity of the Arsenal family.[215] In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target was £500,000.[216] In 2022, Arsenal and Adidas partnered up to launch the "No More Red" campaign to support the long-standing work being done by Arsenal in the Community to help keep young people safe from knife crime and youth violence. To promote the event, the club launched an exclusive all white kit that was not commercially available and only awarded to individuals who are making a positive difference in the community.[217]
Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[218] On 3 June 2018, Arsenal played Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the proceeds went to Realtoo Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation.[219]
During 2007 in Pleiku, Vietnam, Arsenal partnered with the JMG Academy and the Hoang Anh Gia Lai Corporation to found a youth academy for the V.League 1 side Hoàng Anh Lai Lai,[220] which saw a selection of Vietnam-based players train with Arsenal;[221] the club ended their partnership with the club in 2017.[222] Additionally, the club formally partnered with a variety of clubs overseas including Virginia based Richmond Strikers and Cairo based Wadi Degla.[223][224]
Players
First-team squad
- As of 31 January 2024[225]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
Academy
- As of 31 January 2024[233]
- Players to have at least one first-team appearance for Arsenal.[234]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
|
|
Management and staff
Current staff
Position | Name |
---|---|
Manager | Mikel Arteta |
Assistant coaches | Albert Stuivenberg |
Carlos Cuesta[240] | |
Nicolas Jover[241] | |
Miguel Molina[242] | |
Goalkeeping coach | Iñaki Caña[243] |
Academy manager | Per Mertesacker |
Director of football operations | Richard Garlick |
Head of sports medicine and performance | Vacant[244] |
Chief executive officer | Vinai Venkatesham |
Sporting director | Edu Gaspar |
Chief commercial officer | Juliet Slot |
Chief financial officer | Stuart Wisely |
Communications director | Kate Laurens |
Club secretary | Zayna Perkins |
Arsenal board
Position | Name |
---|---|
Co-chair | Stan Kroenke |
Co-chair | Josh Kroenke |
Executive Vice-chair | Tim Lewis |
Director | Lord Harris of Peckham |
Statistics and records
Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (19),[247] and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of June 2020, they are one of seven teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[248]
They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14.[249] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[250] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[80][251] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[252] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[253]
Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points,[4] whether calculated by two points per win[4] or by the contemporary points value.[254] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (98 as of 2023–24).[3][255][256] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[5]
Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).[79] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[78][257] They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak.[258] Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by AC Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.[81]
David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances.[259] Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012;[246] he surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[260] Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[261] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175,[246] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[262] Declan Rice holds the Arsenal record signing price after a deal with West Ham United was completed in July 2023, for an initial £100 million. This easily surpassed the former record of £72 million for Nicolas Pepe.
Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[259] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[263]
Honours
Arsenal's first ever silverware was won as the Royal Arsenal in 1890. The Kent Junior Cup, won by Royal Arsenal's reserves, was the club's first trophy, while the first team's first trophy came three weeks later when they won the Kent Senior Cup.[264][265] Their first national senior honour came in 1930, when they won the FA Cup.[266] The club enjoyed further success in the 1930s, winning another FA Cup and five Football League First Division titles.[51][267] Arsenal won their first league and cup double in the 1970–71 season and twice repeated the feat, in 1997–98 and 2001–02, as well as winning a cup double of the FA Cup and League Cup in 1992–93.[268] The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season.[269]
Type | Competition | Titles | Seasons |
---|---|---|---|
Domestic | First Division/Premier League[note 6] | 13 | 1930–31, 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1937–38, 1947–48, 1952–53, 1970–71, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04 |
FA Cup | 14 | 1929–30, 1935–36, 1949–50, 1970–71, 1978–79, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2019–20 | |
EFL Cup[note 7] | 2 | 1986–87, 1992–93 | |
FA Community Shield[note 8] | 17 | 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1938, 1948, 1953, 1991,[note 9] 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2020, 2023 | |
Football League Centenary Trophy | 1 | 1988 | |
Continental | Inter-Cities Fairs Cup | 1 | 1969–70 |
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup | 1 | 1993–94 |
Other
When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the matches the club played during a season.[265] Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup.[17] Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this.[19][271] Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations,[272] Arsenal competed in and won trophies organised by each.[17][271]
During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and friendly honours. These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun in 2007.[273] During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to participate in wartime competitions. During WWII, Arsenal won several of these.
Notes
- ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on the name, first meeting, and first match.[12] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain at founding.[13] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[14]
- ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[38] Newspaper accounts of the addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[39] The contemporary discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[40]
- ^ Martin Keown was the 'fifth' member of the Back Four, but did not play for the club between 1986 and 1993.
- ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[70] and later praise[71] and skepticism.[72] For context of the broader use of science in English football, see Soccer Science.[73]
- ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period, given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,[74] regression on transfer spending,[75] regression on both,[76] and a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[77]
- ^ Upon its formation in 1992, the Premier League became the top tier of English football; the Football League First and Second Divisions then became the second and third tiers, respectively. From 2004, the First Division became the Championship and the Second Division became League One.
- ^ Until 2016, the unsponsored name of the EFL Cup was the Football League Cup.
- ^ Until 2002, the FA Community Shield was known as the FA Charity Shield.
- ^ The 1991 FA Charity Shield was shared with Tottenham Hotspur.
References
- ^ "The Arsenal Football Club". Companies House. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ^ "Arsenal FC – history, facts and records". www.footballhistory.org. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ a b Ross, James; Heneghan, Michael; Orford, Stuart; Culliton, Eoin (25 August 2016). "English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Pietarinen, Heikki (24 August 2017). "England – First Level All-Time Tables". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Hodgson, Guy (17 December 1999). "Football: How consistency and caution made Arsenal England's greatest". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ "Herbert Chapman". National Football Museum. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ^ "Arsenal – Historical kits". Historicalkits. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2020.
- ^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2023". Deloitte. Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ "World's most valuable soccer teams". Forbes. 31 May 2023. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
- ^ "Top 10: Europe's Most Popular Football Clubs on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and TikTok". IPOS. 10 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
- ^ "10/05/2017 -'Royal Arsenal' formed in Woolwich". www.arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
- ^ Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (10 January 2014). "How Arsenal's name changed – Dial Square". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 4 August 2015.
- ^ Joy 2009, p. 2. Forward, Arsenal!
- ^ a b c Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (13 January 2014). "How Arsenal's Name Changed – Royal Arsenal". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ "Dial Square to north London". www.arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Masters, Roy (1995). The Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. Britain in Old Photographs. Strood: Sutton Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 0-7509-0894-7.
- ^ a b c Kelly, Andy (1 March 2012). "122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware " The History of Arsenal". blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (7 March 2012). "121 Years ago today – Royal Arsenal's last trophy " The History of Arsenal". blog.woolwicharsenal.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ a b Kelly, Andy (9 May 2017). "Royal Arsenal FC Turn Professional – The Truth". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (20 January 2014). "How Arsenal's Name Changed – Woolwich Arsenal". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
- ^ a b c Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark; Attwood, Tony (1 August 2012). Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football. Hamilton House. ISBN 978-1860837876.
- ^ Davis, Sally (December 2007). "Woolwich Arsenal 1910 – the arrival of Hall and Norris". wrightanddavis.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (12 April 2017). "Did Henry Norris Really Buy Arsenal?". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ Kay, Joyce (2008). "It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport, Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain". The International Journal of the History of Sport. 25 (10): 1343–1346. doi:10.1080/09523360802212271. hdl:1893/765. ISSN 0952-3367. S2CID 154063364. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ Mason, Rob (2012). Sunderland AFC Miscellany. Brighton, UK: Pitch Publishing. ISBN 9781909178236. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ "Club moves from Woolwich to Highbury". www.arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2021. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
- ^ Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (30 January 2014). "How Arsenal's Name Changed – Arsenal F.C." The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ^ Attwood, Kelly & Andrews 2012, p. 112. Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football
- ^ a b c d e f "A Conservation Plan for Highbury Stadium, London" (PDF). Islington Council. 14 February 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ Joy 2009, pp. 49, 75. Forward, Arsenal!
- ^ Kelly, Graham (2005). Terrace Heroes: The Life and Times of the 1930s Professional Footballer. Psychology Press. pp. 26, 81–83. ISBN 978-0-7146-5359-4.
- ^ Page, Simon (18 October 2006). Herbert Chapman: The First Great Manager. Birmingham: Heroes Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-9543884-5-4.
- ^ Barclay, Patrick (9 January 2014). "Arsenal: The Five-Year Plan". The Life and Times of Herbert Chapman: The Story of One of Football's Most Influential Figures. Orion. ISBN 978-0-297-86851-4.
- ^ Whittaker & Peskett 1957. Tom Whittaker's Arsenal Story
- ^ Buchan, Charles (1 April 2011) [First Published 1955]. Charles Buchan: A Lifetime in Football. Random House. pp. 95–97. ISBN 978-1-84596-927-1.
- ^ Wilson, Jonathan (2013). Inverting the Pyramid: The History of Football Tactics (Fifth anniversary fully revised and updated ed.). Orion Publishing Group, Limited. pp. 42–56. ISBN 978-1-4091-4586-8.
- ^ Brown, Tony (2007). Champions all! (PDF). Nottingham: SoccerData. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-1-905891-02-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
- ^ Elkin & Shakeshaft 2014. The Arsenal Shirt: Iconic Match Worn Shirts from the History of the Gunners
- ^ Andrews, Mark (7 June 2013). "Jumpers for Goalposts...No! Jumpers for Chapman's Iconic Kit Design". AISA Arsenal History Society. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016.
- ^ Glackin, Neil (26 April 2014). "Numbered shirts and Chapman – re-writing the story once again". AISA Arsenal History Society. Archived from the original on 27 June 2014.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (31 October 2015). "Arsenal underground station renamed earlier than believed". Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ Bull, John (11 December 2015). "It's Arsenal Round Here: How Herbert Chapman Got His Station". Archived from the original on 23 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
- ^ Warrior, Yogi's (6 January 2013). "The Death of Herbert Chapman of Arsenal On This Day, 6th January 1934". Arsenal On This Day: A Prestigious History of Football. Archived from the original on 1 July 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
- ^ "Joe Shaw". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "George Allison". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Rippon, Anton (21 October 2011). "Chapter Nine". Gas Masks for Goal Posts: Football in Britain During the Second World War. The History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-7188-4.
- ^ Attwood, Kelly & Andrews 2012, pp. 43–64. Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football
- ^ "English Clubs Divisional Movements 1888–2016". rsssf.org. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "Tom Whittaker". Spartacus Educational. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "How did Tom Whittaker get Chapman to believe in him, and other anniversaries – The History of Arsenal". 4 June 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ a b "125 years of Arsenal history – 1931–1935". Arsenal F.C. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ Soar & Tyler 2011, p. 76. Arsenal 125 Years in the Making: The Official Illustrated History 1886–2011
- ^ "League title win 1952/53". League title win 1952/53. 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Post-War Arsenal – Overview". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ Sowman & Wilson 2016. Arsenal: The Long Sleep 1953 – 1970: A view from the terrace
- ^ Brown (2007). Champions all!. p. 7.
- ^ Yogi's Warrior (20 June 2012). "Bertie Mee Appointed Acting Manager of Arsenaln This Day, 20th June 1966". Arsenal On This Day: A Prestigious History of Football. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ a b Ponting, Ivan (23 October 2001). "Bertie Mee". The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
- ^ Tossell, David; Wilson, Bob (13 April 2012). Seventy-One Guns: The Year of the First Arsenal Double. Random House. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-78057-473-8.
- ^ Media Group, Arsenal (30 June 2008). "The Managers". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (27 May 2015). "Arsenal's Complete FA Cup Final Record". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
- ^ A 2005 poll of English football fans rated the 1979 FA Cup Final the 15th greatest game of all time. Reference: Winter, Henry (19 April 2005). "Classic final? More like a classic five minutes". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Smyth, Rob (8 May 2009). "Football: Joy of Six: Rob Smyth picks the greatest defences". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Graham's Glory Years". Graham's Glory Years. 10 May 2017. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Clarke, Andy (26 March 2009). "Top Ten: Title Run-ins". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
- ^ "Why the FA banned George Graham". The Independent. 10 November 1995. Archived from the original on 10 December 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Bower, Tom (2003). Broken Dreams: Vanity, Greed and the Souring of British Football. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-4033-2.
- ^ Moore, Glenn (13 August 1996). "Rioch at odds with the system". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 3 September 2018. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Palmer, Myles (31 March 2011). The Professor: Arsène Wenger. Random House. pp. ix, 21, 90, 123, 148. ISBN 978-0-7535-4661-1.
- ^ "The menu for World Cup success". BBC. 23 May 1998. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ Cross 2015. Arsene Wenger: The Inside Story of Arsenal Under Wenger
- ^ Ronay, Barney (5 August 2010). "Chapter 30 – The Enlightenment". The Manager: The absurd ascent of the most important man in football. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 978-0-7481-1770-3.
- ^ Anthony, Strudwick (7 June 2016). "Part 1: Foundations of Soccer Science". Soccer Science. Human Kinetics. pp. 3–36. ISBN 978-1-4504-9679-7.
- ^ Kuper, Simon; Szymanski, Stefan (24 May 2012). "Chapter 6: Do managers matter? The cult of the white messiah". Soccernomics (revised and expanded ed.). HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-00-746688-7.
- ^ Slaton, Zach (16 July 2012). "The 2011/12 Update to the All-Time Best Managers Versus the m£XIR Model | Pay As You Play". transferpriceindex.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
- ^ Rodríguez, Plácido; Késenne, Stefan; García, Jaume (30 September 2013). "Chapter 3: Wages transfers and the variation of team performance in the English Premier League". The Econometrics of Sport. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 53–62. ISBN 978-1-78100-286-5.
- ^ Bell, Adrian; Brooks, Chris; Markham, Tom (1 January 2013). "The performance of football club managers: skill or luck?" (PDF). Economics & Finance Research. 1 (1): 19–30. doi:10.1080/21649480.2013.768829. hdl:10419/147689. ISSN 2164-9480. S2CID 12669814. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
- ^ a b Hughes, Ian (15 May 2004). "Arsenal the Invincibles". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ a b Fraser, Andrew (25 October 2004). "Arsenal run ends at 49". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2008.
- ^ a b "Arsenal". Football Club History Database. Richard Rundle. Archived from the original on 6 November 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ a b "2005/06: Ronaldinho delivers for Barça". UEFA. 17 May 2007. Archived from the original on 15 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Aizlewood, John (23 July 2006). "Farewell Bergkamp, hello future". The Times. UK. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Hytner, David (18 May 2014). "Arséne Wenger savours FA Cup win over Hull as Arsenal end drought". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
- ^ Taylor, Daniel (30 May 2015). "Alexis Sánchez inspires Arsenal to win over Aston Villa". The Guardian. UK. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ McNulty, Phil. "Arsenal beat 10-man Chelsea to a win record 13th FA Cup". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
- ^ "Arsenal 2017/18 Premier League season review". Sky Sports. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal 1-1 Chelsea (Arsenal won 4-1 on pens)". BBC Sport. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ Critchley, Mark (13 May 2018). "Arsene Wenger bows out as Arsenal boss with win over Huddersfield". The Independent. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.
- ^ "Unai Emery announced as new Arsenal head coach". Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 26 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
- ^ "Welcome Unai". Welcome Unai. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ "Premier League Tables 2018/19". Premier League. Archived from the original on 17 February 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
- ^ "Chelsea win the 2019 UEFA Europa League". UEFA.com. 29 May 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
- ^ "Unai Emery leaves club". Arsenal. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Sport, Telegraph (17 June 2019). "Freddie Ljungberg replaces Steve Bould as Unai Emery's assistant as Arsenal shake up coaching staff". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ "Arsenal sack Emery after worst run in 27 years". ESPN.com. 29 November 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ "Mikel Arteta joining as our new head coach". Arsenal. 20 December 2019. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "Mikel Arteta asks for Arsenal patience but aims for 'top trophies' as manager". The Guardian. 20 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
- ^ "FA Cup final 2020: Arsenal 2–1 Chelsea". 1 August 2020. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
- ^ "Arsenal change Arteta role as part of restructure". ESPN.com. 10 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ "The Super League". thesuperleague.com. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "An open letter to our fans" (Press release). Arsenal F.C. 20 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
- ^ "Arsenal fails to qualify for Europe for 1st time in 25 years". The Indian Express. 24 May 2021. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ Drury, Sam (20 May 2023). "Mikel Arteta: Arsenal 'must heal' after painful collapse in Premier League title race". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 3 July 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
- ^ a b c "The Crest". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Roché, Art de. "Arsenal's badge: The story of the iconic cannon". The Athletic. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 20 September 2022.
- ^ "New crest – press release". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 16 April 2004. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal v. Reed in the Court of Appeal". Swan Turton. 4 May 2003. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
- ^ "Arsenal go for a makeover". BBC Sport. 1 February 2004. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Crestfallen" (PDF). Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 November 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ a b "The Arsenal shirt badge". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
- ^ "The Art Deco crest". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
- ^ "125th anniversary crest". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 5 May 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ Soar & Tyler 2011, p. 20. Arsenal 125 Years in the Making: The Official Illustrated History 1886–2011
- ^ "The Arsenal home kit". Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
- ^ a b c "Arsenal". Historical Football Kits. D & M Moor. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2006.
- ^ a b c "Arsenal Kit Design". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
- ^ "Hibernian". Historical Football Kits. D & M Moor. Archived from the original on 21 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Rui Matos Pereira (21 October 2005). "Secret of Braga's success". UEFA. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
- ^ a b "FA Cup Finals". Historical Football Kits. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2013.
- ^ "Arsenal Away Kits". historicalkits. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
- ^ "Arsenal Change Kits". Historical Football Kits. D & M Moor. Archived from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ "Club Charter". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Puma to release three new shirts every season". The Independent. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ^ "ADIDAS AND ARSENAL LAUNCH NEW PARTNERSHIP". Adidas. July 2019. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ "20/21 Arsenal Away Kit". Arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
- ^ "Arsenal". Historical Football Kits. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2022.
- ^ "Emirates and Arsenal Renew Sponsorship Deal". www.emirates.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
- ^ "Arsenal partner with 'Visit Rwanda'". Arsenal FC. Archived from the original on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
- ^ "Adidas and Arsenal launch new home kit". Arsenal FC. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ Inglis, Simon (1996) [1985]. Football Grounds of Britain (3rd ed.). London: CollinsWillow. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-00-218426-5.
- ^ "Suspension of the Plumstead Ground". The Times. 7 February 1895. p. 6.
- ^ "Highbury". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008.
- ^ "Arsenal get Wembley go-ahead". BBC Sport. 24 July 1998. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Garner, Clare (18 August 1997). "Arsenal consider leaving hallowed marble halls". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 31 January 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Arsenal unveil new stadium plans". BBC Sport. 7 November 2000. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Arsenal stadium delay". BBC Sport. 16 April 2003. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Bergkamp given rousing farewell". BBC Sport. 22 July 2006. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
- ^ "Arsenal name new ground". BBC Sport. 5 October 2004. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Dawes, Brian (2006). "The 'E' Word". Arsenal World. Footymad. Archived from the original on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Riach, James (23 November 2012). "Arsenal's new Emirates sponsorship deal to fund transfers and salaries". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
- ^ Wilson, Jeremy (19 February 2018). "Arsenal agree £200m shirt sponsorship deal with Emirates until 2024". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
- ^ Emirates Stadium stands to be renamed Archived 27 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Arsenal FC, 19 July 2010
- ^ "Premier League Handbook 2020/21" (PDF). Premier League. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ Taylor, David (21 October 1999). "Arsenal gets a complex". The Architects' Journal. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
- ^ "The Training Centre". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 12 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Youth sides to play at Meadow Park". 30 July 2013. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
- ^ "08/05/2018 – FC Porto – Premier League International Cup – Under 23 – H". Arsenal F.C. 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ "30/04/2018 – Chelsea U18 – FA Youth Cup – Under 18 – H". Arsenal F.C. 30 April 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
- ^ Kempster, Tony. "Attendances 2007/08". Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "All Time League Attendance Records". nufc.com. NUFC. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016. Some pre-war attendance figures used by this source were estimates and may not be entirely accurate.
- ^ "German Bundesliga Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Camp Nou league attendances rise by 2.7%". FC Barcelona. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "Barclays Premier League Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet. Archived from the original on 26 October 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Spanish La Liga Stats: Team Attendance – 2010–11". ESPNsoccernet. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 7 March 2021.
- ^ "Fans Report 2006/2007" (Word document). Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ O'Connor, Ashling. "Liverpool lag in fight for global fan supremacy as TV row grows". The Times. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Deloitte Football Money League" (PDF). Deloitte. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ^ James, Josh (8 May 2022). "Arteta – It was emotional". arsenal.com. Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Lawrence, Amy (9 May 2022). "'North London forever' – the goosebumps moment that captured the spirit of Arsenal past, present and future". theathletic.com. The Athletic. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Davison, Chris (8 May 2022). "Arsenal trial new anthem 'The Angel' at the Emirates Stadium ahead of Leeds United clash". football.london. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ Noble, Kate (22 September 2002). "Boring, Boring Arsenal". Time. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2013.
- ^ Coggin, Stewart. "The North London derby". Premier League. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ "The Classic: Arsenal-Manchester Utd". FIFA. 17 January 2007. Archived from the original on 24 August 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Club Rivalries Uncovered" (PDF). Football Fans Census. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ "Football Rivalries Report 2008". The New Football Pools. Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ Weeks, Jim (30 May 2015). "Gunnersaurus Explained: The Guy Who Dreamt Up Arsenal's Mascot". Vice Sports. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ West, Phil (26 July 2016). "Gunnersaurus: Arsenal's mascot, from a kid's drawing to international fame". Major League Soccer. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ McNicholas, James (6 April 2020). "This is Gunnersaurus' world and we're just living in it". The Athletic. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ Jones, Chris (29 August 2019). "Gunnersaurus: the untold story of Arsenal's mascot". ESPN. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ a b Cumming, Ed (6 October 2020). "Goodbye for now, Gunnersaurus, your departure is a lesson and a warning to us all". The Independent (opinion). Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "Gunnersaurus: Why is Arsenal's mascot a dinosaur?". 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Arsenal axe Gunnersaurus in bid to save money amid pandemic". ESPN. 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Gunnersaurus to continue Arsenal role despite reports to contrary". Football365. PA. 6 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ Murphy, Heather; Panja, Tariq (6 October 2020). "Arsenal Laid Off Its 'Gunnersaurus' Mascot. A Player Offered to Pay His Salary". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020.
- ^ Ames, Nick (6 October 2020). "Mesut Özil offers to pay to keep man inside Gunnersaurus in Arsenal job". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
- ^ "Arsenal's mascot Gunnersaurus returns from brink of extinction". Reuters. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Gunnersaurus: Arsenal mascot returns to club after redundancies". BBC Sport. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d "The Arsenal Board". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 19 June 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
- ^ Scott, Matt & Allen, Katie (6 April 2007). "Takeover gains pace at Arsenal with 9.9% sale". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Russian buys Dein's Arsenal stake". BBC News. 30 August 2007. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Everton confirm sale of 49.9% of club to former Arsenal shareholder Farhad Moshiri". The Guardian. 27 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Kroenke increases stake in Arsenal Holdings". Arsenal F.C. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
- ^ "Kroenke nears Arsenal threshold". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "US businessman Stan Kroenke agrees bid to buy Arsenal". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 September 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ "Stan Kroenke takes controlling stake in Arsenal with 62.89% of shares". The Guardian. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ Benge, James (23 January 2018). "Arsenal majority shareholder Stan Kroenke increases stake to 67.09 per cent with £616,000 investment". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
- ^ Panja, Tariq (7 August 2018). "U.S. Billionaire Gets Full Control of Arsenal, Buying Out Russian Rival". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 January 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
- ^ Ronay, Barney (25 December 2020). "Arsenal's problems lie with Kroenke's ownership rather than Arteta". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
- ^ "Arsenal chief Gazidis leaves for Milan". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ "Arsenal Holdings plc". nexexchange.com. NEX Exchange. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
- ^ "Football 50 2015" (PDF). brandfinance.com. Brand Finance. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ Ozanian, Mike. "The Business of Soccer". Forbes. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
- ^ Markham, Tom. "WHAT'S YOUR CLUB REALLY WORTH?". sportingintelligence.com. Sporting Intelligence. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
- ^ Markham, Tom (2013). "What is the Optimal Method to Value a Football Club?" (PDF). SSRN. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2238265. S2CID 153760884. SSRN 2238265. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2020.
- ^ Collings, Simon (5 March 2021). "Arsenal record £47.8m loss as pandemic hits 2019/20 finances". www.standard.co.uk. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ a b "World's richest football clubs 2020: Barcelona replace Real Madrid at top of Deloitte Football Money League as Manchester United are left behind". CityAM. 14 January 2020. Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Firsts, Lasts & Onlys: Football – Paul Donnelley (Hamlyn, 2010)
- ^ "It Happened at Highbury: First live radio broadcast". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Happened on this day – 16 September". BBC Sport. 16 September 2002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "History of Match of the Day". BBC Sport. 14 February 2003. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Fans trial first live 3D sports event". The Sydney Morning Herald. Associated Press. 1 February 2010. Archived from the original on 14 August 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
- ^ Redfern, Simon (27 September 2008). "The Arsenal Stadium Mystery, by Leonard Gribble". The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ a b c "Arsenal at the movies". Arseweb. Archived from the original on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Nick Hornby". The Guardian. London. 22 July 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
Critically acclaimed and commercial dynamite, Fever Pitch helped to make football trendy and explain its appeal to the soccerless
- ^ Levy, Glen (5 July 2010). "Fever Pitch". Time. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ Noble, Kate (22 September 2002). "Boring, Boring Arsenal". Time. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ May, John (19 May 2003). "No more boring, boring Arsenal". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 12 January 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ Dörflinger, M., Taschenbuch Fußball: 333x Fußball – Superlative & Kuriositäten. Spannende Fakten und Kurioses über Fußball – Geramond Verlag (2019). ISBN 978-3964530530.
- ^ Rogers, Jonathon (28 June 2022). "Watch the trailer for All or Nothing: Arsenal". arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ Fletcher, Alex (28 June 2022). "Arsenal: All or Nothing on Prime Video: Release date, trailer and all you need to know, including the celebrity narrator". bt.com. BT TV. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ James, Josh (23 May 2022). "Our 2021/22 season in numbers". arsenal.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ Smith, Adam (24 May 2022). "Premier League: Top trends revealed for the 2021/22 season". skysports.com. Sky Sports. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
- ^ "Arsenal Charity Ball raises over £60,000". Arsenal F.C. 11 May 2006. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Ex-Pro and Celebrity XI". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Arsenal for Everyone". 2 October 2018. Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ Arsenal smash fundraising target for GOSH Archived 20 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Arsenal FC, 2 August 2010
- ^ "adidas and Arsenal expand No More Red campaign". adidas and Arsenal expand No More Red campaign. 28 May 2023. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal legends raise money for child refugees – Save the Children UK blogs". 1 September 2016. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
- ^ "Arsenal Legends v Real Madrid Legends – Tickets". 19 March 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018.
- ^ "Gunners announce deal with Vietnamese club". Arsenal F.C. 6 March 2007. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "Two Hoang Anh Gia Lai's stars to practice at Arsenal". lookatvietnam.com. 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "HAGL end Arsenal partnership". ASEAN Football Federation. 1 July 2017. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Cavell, Nick (24 November 2003). "Arsenal set up shop in Cairo". BBC Sport. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal announce Richmond Strikers project". Arsenal F.C. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ "Squad: First team". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ "Martin Odegaard named captain". Arsenal F.C. 30 July 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ "David Raya joins on season-long loan". Arsenal F.C. 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
- ^ "Kieran Tierney joins Real Sociedad on loan". Arsenal F.C. 27 August 2023. Archived from the original on 27 August 2023. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
- ^ "Sambi Lokonga joins Luton Town on loan". Arsenal F.C. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Marquinhos joins Fluminense on loan". Arsenal F.C. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
- ^ "Arthur Okonkwo joins Wrexham on loan". Arsenal F.C. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Nuno Tavares joins Nottingham Forest on loan". Arsenal F.C. 1 September 2023. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
- ^ "Academy". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ "Arsenal FC, Players from A-Z". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
- ^ "Charlie Patino joins Swansea City on loan". Arsenal F.C. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ "Charles Sagoe Jr joins Swansea City on loan". Arsenal F.C. 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Ames, Nick (21 December 2019). "Mikel Arteta will not tolerate dissenters as he seeks to revive 'lost' Arsenal". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal Manager History". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Arsenal FC Key Personnel & Club Information". Premier League. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Carlos Cuesta". worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Nicolas Jover". worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Miguel Molina". worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Iñaki Caña". worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Ornstein, David (7 July 2023). "Arsenal's head of medical services Gary O'Driscoll to join Manchester United". The Athletic. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "The Arsenal Board". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "Goalscoring Records". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 27 June 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2013.
- ^ Ross, James M (28 August 2009). "England – List of Champions". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Ross, James M. (6 May 2016). "FA Premier League Champions 1993–2016". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- ^ Ross, James M (12 June 2009). "England FA Challenge Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 January 2010. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Ross, James M (12 June 2009). "England FA Challenge Cup Finals". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 October 2008. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Stokkermans, Karel (24 September 2009). "Doing the Double: Countrywise Records". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ Collins, Roy (20 May 2007). "Mourinho collects his consolation prize". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
Chelsea's Cup came wrapped in an extra ribbon, only the second team after Arsenal in 1993 to win both domestic cups.
- ^ "Arsenal Football Club". Premier League. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "English Premier League : Full All Time Table". statto.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
- ^ James, Josh (18 June 2013). "All-time Arsenal". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 22 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "Seasons Spent in the Top Flight of English Football by Clubs from 1888–89 to 2023–24". My Football Facts. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- ^ "49 Unbeaten". Arsenal F.C. 1 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2018.
- ^ "Records". statto.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ a b "Club Records". Arsenal F.C. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Wright salutes Henry's goal feat". BBC Sport. 19 October 2005. Archived from the original on 1 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Ward, Rupert. "Arsenal vs Bolton. 13/09/97". Arseweb. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ "Arsenal 2–3 West Ham". BBC Sport. 1 February 2006. Archived from the original on 27 March 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
- ^ "Man Utd game attracts record attendance". Arsenal F.C. 5 November 2007. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
- ^ Kelly, Andy (1 March 2012). "122 years ago today – Arsenal's first Silverware". The History of Arsenal (AISA Arsenal History Society). Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ a b Kelly, Andy. "Arsenal first team line ups". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 15 July 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ^ "GGM 36: Arsenal win their first major trophy". Arsenal F.C. 8 August 2007. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ "125 years of Arsenal history – 1936–1940". Arsenal F.C. 7 December 2011. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ "Double top Gunners". BBC Sport. 9 May 2002. Archived from the original on 23 April 2003. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
- ^ "Special trophy for Gunners". BBC Sport. 18 May 2004. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
- ^ "Honours". Arsenal F.C. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
- ^ a b Kelly, Andy (24 February 2017). "Arsenal's First Superstar". The Arsenal History. Archived from the original on 22 September 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "Memorandum on areas and overlapping of associations". The Football Association. 12 January 1951. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
- ^ "Emirates Stadium to host pre-season tournament". Arsenal F.C. 1 May 2007. Archived from the original on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
Works cited
- Attwood, Tony; Kelly, Andy; Andrews, Mark (1 August 2012). Woolwich Arsenal FC: 1893–1915 The club that changed football (first ed.). First and Best in Education. ISBN 978-1-86083-787-6.
- Cross, John (17 September 2015). Arsene Wenger: The Inside Story of Arsenal Under Wenger. Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 978-1-4711-3793-8.
- Elkin, James; Shakeshaft, Simon (1 November 2014). The Arsenal Shirt: Iconic Match Worn Shirts from the History of the Gunners. Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-909534-26-1.
- Joy, Bernard (2009) [First Published 1952]. Forward, Arsenal! (Republished ed.). GCR Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-9559211-1-7.
- Soar, Phil; Tyler, Martin (3 October 2011). Arsenal 125 Years in the Making: The Official Illustrated History 1886–2011. Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-62353-3.
- Sowman, John; Wilson, Bob (18 January 2016). Arsenal: The Long Sleep 1953 – 1970: A view from the terrace. Hamilton House. ISBN 978-1-86083-837-8.
- Whittaker, Tom; Peskett, Roy (1957). Tom Whittaker's Arsenal Story (First ed.). Sporting Handbooks.
Further reading
- Andrews, Mark; Kelly, Andy; Stillman, Tim (8 November 2018). Royal Arsenal: Champions of the South (First ed.). legends publishing. ISBN 9781906796594.
- Callow, Nick (11 April 2013). The Official Little Book of Arsenal. Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84732-680-5.
- Castle, Ian (30 August 2012). Arsenal. FeedaRead.com. ISBN 978-1-78176-752-8.
- Fynn, Alex; Whitcher, Kevin (18 August 2011). Arsènal: The Making of a Modern Superclub (3rd ed.). Vision Sports Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907637-31-5.
- Glanville, Brian (2011). Arsenal Football Club: From Woolwich to Whittaker. GCR Books. ISBN 978-0-9559211-7-9.
- Hayes, Dean (2007). Arsenal: The Football Facts. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-84454-433-2.
- Hornby, Nick (1992). Fever Pitch. Indigo. ISBN 978-0-575-40015-3.
- Lane, David (28 August 2014). Arsenal 'Til I Die: The Voices of Arsenal FC Supporters. Meyer & Meyer Sport. ISBN 978-1-78255-038-9.
- Maidment, Jem (2008). The Official Arsenal Encyclopedia: A Comprehensive A–Z of London's Most Successful Club (revised ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61888-1.
- Mangan, Andrew; Lawrence, Amy; Auclair, Philippe; Allen, Andrew (7 December 2011). So Paddy Got Up: An Arsenal anthology. Portnoy Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9569813-7-0.
- Roper, Alan (1 November 2003). Real Arsenal Story: In the Days of Gog. Wherry Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9546259-0-0.
- Spragg, Iain; Clarke, Adrian (8 October 2015). The Official Arsenal FC Book of Records (2 ed.). Carlton Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78097-668-6.
- Spurling, Jon (2 November 2012). Rebels for the Cause: The Alternative History of Arsenal Football Club (New ed.). Random House. ISBN 978-1-78057-486-8.
- Spurling, Jon (21 August 2014). Highbury: The Story of Arsenal in N.5. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4091-5306-1.
- Stammers, Steve (7 November 2008). Arsenal: The Official Biography: The Compelling Story of an Amazing Club (First ed.). Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-61892-8.
- Wall, Bob (1969). Arsenal from the Heart. Souvenir Press Limited. ISBN 978-0-285-50261-1.
- Watt, Tom (13 October 1995). The End: 80 Years of Life on the Terraces. Mainstream Publishing Company, Limited. ISBN 978-1-85158-793-3.
External links
Independent websites
- Arsenal F.C. on BBC Sport: Club news – Recent results and fixtures
- Arsenal F.C. at Premier League
- Arsenal F.C. at Union of European Football Associations
- Arsenal F.C. companies grouped at OpenCorporates
- Arsenal F.C.
- 1886 establishments in England
- Association football clubs established in 1886
- Companies formerly listed on the Alternative Investment Market
- Sport in the London Borough of Islington
- EFL Cup winners
- FA Cup winners
- Football clubs in England
- Football clubs in London
- English Football League clubs
- G-14 clubs
- Kroenke Sports & Entertainment
- Premier League clubs
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup winning clubs
- Inter-Cities Fairs Cup winning clubs